Osewera yopambana: ndi geniuses zitatu zazikulu

Mu zaka ziwiri zapitazi mbiri ya Chess masewera anapereka dziko nambala yaikulu maina kwambiri. Koma pakati pawo, iwe ukhoza kuunikila amene angatchedwe geniuses kwambiri. osewera onse wamkulu - atatu. Izi GARRY Kasparov, Bobby Fischer, Pol Morfi.

GARRY Kasparov: yonena ndi woyamba kupambana

GARRY Kasparov - katswiri wamkulu wa Chess. Ngati chakhumi ndi chitatu ngwazi dziko, iye anasiya ntchito yake amphamvu. Koma mpaka pano, osewera abwino mu dziko kutsanzira yabwino nyama yake.

Kasparov anabadwa mu banja ophunzira mu Baku mu 1963. Makolo ake, bambo ndi mayi onse ali akatswiri. Palibe amene amadziwa chimene m'badwo woyamba anakhala chidwi Chess, Harry. Zoonadi nkhani imodzi yokha - pamene mnyamatayo anali ndi zaka zisanu, anatiuza kuti bambo yankho lake etude, lomwe linasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala. Atchule luso la mwana wawo, makolo anaganiza apite mbali Chess.

kupeza mutu

M'chaka choyamba cha phunziroli, Harry wakhala anapambana udindo woyamba mu Chess. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Harry amatumizidwa monga membala wa gulu la Azerbaijan ku Vilnius. Pali m'tsogolo zabwino Chess player mu dziko yodziwa tsogolo mphunzitsi, wakeyo ndi bwenzi Aleksandrom Nikitinym. Potsatira malangizo a Nikitin, Kasparov akuyamba maphunziro ake ku sukulu ndi makalata Chess Botvinnik ndipo posachedwapa anayamba kuthandiza Chess mabishopu.

Mu 1974, chifukwa cha khama la amayi ake, Harry walandira dzina latsopano (dzina lake pobadwa anali Weinstein), ndipo ngakhale dziko. Mu 1975, Kasparov ndi mtsogoleri mu Soviet Chess Championship mwa juniors. Mu 1980, iye oyambirira mutu wa grandmaster. Mu 1984, iwo akuyamba atasemphana kwambiri pakati zimphona awiri Chess - GARRY Kasparov ndi Anatoly Karpov. kumenyera ufulu Championship inatha mu 1985, awarding mutu kuti Kasparov 13 Chess ngwazi.

Pol Morfi: zaka zoyambilira

Nduna za osewera abwino mu dziko ndi zonse zikuphatikizapo wachinayi ngwazi - Paul Morphy. Iye anabadwa mu New Orleans, mu banja mwachilungamo olemera. Kuyambira ali mwana yokumbukira kudabwa akuluakulu ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ine ndinapita mu maloya nyumba anadabwa kuti achinyamata Paulo amadziwa ndi mtima malamulo onse a Boma la Louisiana malamulo boma. amalume ake anali mmodzi wa aakulu osewera Chess mumzindawo. palibe mwana anaphunzitsa malamulo a masewerawo - iye katswiri luso zawo. Pa zaka 10, Pol Morfi anali mmodzi wopambana mu New Orleans.

Kubweretsa mutu ngwazi

Yambani Chess ntchito ya Paulo Morphy chinaikidwa pa ndime mayiko Chess mu London. Pa zaka 20 iye anakhala bwino Chess player ku America, kumenya Otsutsa ake onse. Pa zana ndi masewera anataya 5 - ndi anthu omwe anagonjetsa anali osewera abwino kwambiri mu dziko. Mu mbiri yonse ya Chess grandmaster sanali ngati izo zikanakhala zofanana ndi kalembedwe kusewera Morphy. Iye anali wolemekezeka ndi liwiro, chimagwirira ndi ndewu.

Kwambiri maganizo player m'mbiri ya Bobby Fischer

Eleventh World Chess Champion ndi American Bobby Fischer. Iye anabadwa mu Chicago mu 1943. Mayi wa Chess tsogolo anali Myuda amene ankakhala mu Switzerland. Atate - ndi German zamoyo amene anasamuka ku Soviet Union mu Chile.

Bobby Fischer, kuwonjezera Championship wake, wodziwika ndi mawu zachilendo. Mwachitsanzo, wachinyamata, iye ananena kuti sukulu - malo chingakhale chopanda phindu mwamtheradi ndi akazi musamagwire ntchito kumeneko chifukwa cha kupusa wake. Ambiri, ngakhale kuti Fisher ndi osewera ena pamwamba pa dzikolapansi mu mndandanda yemweyo, namatetule ili m'gulu la osiririka kwambiri ndi kwambiri onyozeka.

Zachilendo luso, akuwonetseredwa mu ubwana

Fischer ankaimba Chess popeza anali asanu. Mwana kotero adatengedwa ndi masewera a Chess, anasiya kucheza ndi ana a msinkhu wake, kukangana kuti mwa iwo sanapeze bwenzi oyenera kwa masewera. Mayi poyamba zopita ku zamaganizo, koma iye anawatsimikizira mkazi, kuti Chess ndi chizolowezi chabwino ndipo palibe choopsa khalidwe mwana si. Mayi anayamba kuyang'ana kwa bwenzi nyama mnyamata kudzera malonda nyuzipepala, koma sanathe kupeza. Kenako, Bobby Fischer Chess anati ndi "kusintha cholinga."

The duel wotchuka

Mu 1972 iye ndinkakhala nalo kwambiri odziwika Fischer mpikisano - ndi Soviet Chess player Borisom Spasskim. mpikisano unachitikira mu Reykjavik. Pali Fisher yagoletsa 21 yapambana ndi kutenga Championship. Komabe, patapita Fischer, pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ukakana kupikisana ndi Anatoliem Karpovym, ndipo kenako zaka makumi awiri anatsogolera moyo reclusive.

Zachilendo chilakolako Bobbi Fishera

Iye walankhula mobwerezabwereza zoipa za mayiko osiyana: nanga Russia, za Iceland, ndi United States of. Fischer anali pa maziko abwino ndi oimira zosiyanasiyana magulu okanidwa - monga alaliki a magulu osiyana, komanso Mafia. Fischer anayesanso kusiya ana, womwe ndi chibadwa ofanana ndi iye - kuti anatengera mphatso yake.

Osewera abwino kwambiri mu dziko. Amene akhoza kutaya?

Choncho kusanduka tsoka la wina wa wamkulu Chess mwapang'ono. Komabe, izi si ndandanda. 10 osewera bwino masiku ano - izo Carlsen Magnus, Vladimir Kramnik, Aronyan Levon, Teymur Radzhabov ndi ena. Kuwerengetsa mphamvu ya Chess osewera ntchito otchedwa Elo mlingo dongosolo. Iwo anayamba kupanga ndi wasayansi American Aripadi Elo. 1989, mzere woyamba wa mlingo anatenga Bobby Fischer pambuyo - GARRY Kasparov.

Nanga bwanji nkhondo ndi kompyuta?

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale yabwino osewera Chess mu mbiriyakale tsopano idzaseweredwe ndi kompyuta. Woyamba machesi koteroko sikunachitike mu 1996 pamene GARRY Kasparov anataya kompyuta Nato Blue, chimene chingalowe kuunikira 200 miliyoni udindo pa yachiwiri. Komabe, mu masewera chachiwiri, Kasparov anatenga kubwezera kompyuta. Ndiyeno, pambuyo masewera awiri kukopedwa, awiri mawa apambana mwa iwo.