Old Chitata Pamudzi. Kazan zokopa

Sloboda mu ang'onoang'ono Russia ankatchedwa mudzi umene anthu sanali serfs kapena mabusa mzinda. Old Chitata kuthetsa - zakale peri-m'tawuni kumudzi, koma tsopano mbali ya kum'mwera ya chapakati m'chigawo cha Kazan, mtima mbiri ya mzinda.

Mbiri ya yatsoka

Panali malo amenewa, pambuyo pa adani a Kazan Ivanom Groznym mu 1552. Alendowa wosapitirira anayamba Chitata - ankhondo ndi ambuye ang'onoang'ono amene ankachita nawo nkhondo yogonjetsa dziko la mudziwo. Mu 1556, pano, kunja kwa mzinda, iwo anachotsedwa pakati pa Chitata, amene adzapereke kukana Orthodox amishonale. Koma kumene, pano pa mphepete mwa nyanja Kaban, ndi ichi chimene chasonyeza zinthu zakale anali midzi kale. Poyamba, nthawi zichitika, Old-Chitata Sloboda anali msewu wina anatambasula pamodzi nyanja.

Mapangidwe kuthetsa

Ndi nthawi yoyamba zopelekedwa amatchula zimenezi m'buku, kuthetsa 1565-1568 Alembi anali mumzinda wina, anali mayadi 150 ongokhala m'misewu angapo akufa mapeto. Iye anathamanga kuchoka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Izo zinali zochepa lamanzere gombe la nyanja ndi Nizhny Kaban Bulak ngalande kuti adalumikiza nkhani ya mtsinje Kazanka, tributary wa Volga, ndi nyanja Boar. Kumpoto kwa Old Chitata kuthetsa zinali zochepa pamsika waukulu. Tsopano iye ndi kum'mwera chapakati malo a mzinda Vakhitovsky. Monga mapangidwe mumzinda lidagawikana patatu - kum'mwera, ducts kwa Bulak, anakakhala osema, inali gawo mafakitale kukagawira. Mbali kumpoto, ayipanga pafupi kwambiri ndi mzindawo, wakhala ntchito mumzinda wa pakati ndi mbali ya chikhalidwe komanso zogona.

Pakatikati pa mbiri ya kukagawira

Msewu waukulu chigawo ichi cha mzindawo ndi msewu Tukai. Kazan ali moyo imeneyi kukumbukira ndakatulo ya mtundu wawo Gabdulla Tukai (zaka 1886-1913), amene anafa, monga Gorky, kuchokera "njala ndi chifuwa chachikulu" ali ndi zaka 26, osati mu maina a maofesi a m'tawuni.

msewu uwu wakhala kwathunthu anamanga nyumba Chitata osankhika - amalonda, industrialists ndi mamembala a atsogoleri achipembedzo. Likulu la dera umenewu ndi laling'ono kwambiri Yunusovskaya malo, yomwe ili pa mphambano ya Tukai ndi F. Karim.

kufika benefactress

Kumene, pa nthawi ankavala nyumba matabwa, dilapidated, anali anagwetsa, ndi mpando panali yatsopano yamakono nyumbayi, koma mu Old Chitata kuthetsa anasunga lodalirika (chenicheni) Chitata nyumba zambiri. kuwonongeka makamaka nyumba matabwa anachititsa moto mu 1842. Pambuyo 1751 zimayamba kum'mwera kupanga Chatsopano Chitata Pamudzi. Mu 1767, Kazan anachezeredwa ndi Catherine II. Iye panokha ovomerezeka pomanga mizikiti mwala. Ndipo pamene mu 1773 anafalitsa lamulo wotchuka "Pa kulolerana wa chipembedzo," Old Chitata kuthetsa anachuluka.

The nyumba mwala woyamba achipembedzo

Mpaka kufika pa Mfumukazi m'mudzi munali miwiri, mbukhomerwa mzikiti inamangidwa mu 1749 ndi 1759 a. Chikadzangotha kuchoka kwa munthu achifumu, mu 1767 chomwecho, wamalonda M. Yunusov akuyamba kumanga mwala mzikiti. Ndipo anali woyamba pambuyo adani a Kazan Ivanom Groznym yololedwa mwalamulo parishi. Iye anamanga panopa Al-Marjani mzikiti kwa zaka zinayi, ndipo ndalama izo anasonkhana dziko lonse. Dzinali analandiracho polemekeza Imam Shigabutdin Marjani, amene anatumikira ake zaka 30. Iye anali wotchuka Chitata wophunzitsa ndi wazamulungu. Bungweli achipembedzo sanali chatsekedwa, ndipo mu zaka kulibe Mulungu zigawenga. Mu 1768 anayamba kumanga mwala mzikiti - Bahia (lero Apanaevskaya). Dera mbiri ya anthu awiri zinaonetsera ngakhale pomanga makachisi Muslim. Choncho, Old Chitata m'dera Kazan monyadira bornay mzikiti, amene zinthu mapulani kuoneka bwino bwino onse Chitata ndi zomangamanga Russian.

malo boma

Monga kumanga malo anayamba kupanga mahallas. Mahalla - ndi mbali East wa Pamudzi, kawirikawiri kukula kwa kotala, amene amachita kuboma. Likulu Mahalla ndi mzikiti. Popeza Old Chitata m'dera Kazan anali mahallas 10, misikiti ndi apo linali chimodzimodzi. nyengo kaŵirikaŵiri Catherine II bwino kwambiri zimaonekera Kazan: tawuni inapambana, ndipo apo anamanga nyumba wokongola kwambiri mu kalembedwe dziko.

Pearl wa Old Chitata kuthetsa

Chimodzi mwa chidwi kwambiri ndi otchedwa nyumba ya Shamil, yomwe ili pa msewu Tukai. Linamangidwa mu 1863 ndi miliyoneya ndi, woyamba munalidi gulu wamalonda Ibrahim Iskhakovich Apak. nyumba ili pafupi Yunusovskoy Square, Catherine Street. Mwana yekhayo wa munthu wolemera anakwatira mwana wachitatu Imam Shamil, wotchuka mtsogoleri wa mapiri Caucasus. Shamil yekha mu mzinda umenewu simunayambe holed mu ukapolo ku Kaluga, koma umunthu wa dziko Muslim anali wotchuka kwambiri. Choncho, ngati malowolo 18 wazaka mtsikana amene anakwatira amalume 45 wazaka, I. I. Apakov wapereka yachifumu ichi, chimene m'gulu mndandanda wa "Zinthu Kazan." Kufotokozera za chipilala a zomangamanga ndi cholowa chikhalidwe, imene Museum wa Gabdulla Tukai ndi 1986, mukhoza kuyamba ndi magawo. M'dera nyumba mamita 430 lalikulu, ndi voliyumu - 4200 kiyubiki mamita. Kunja kwa nyumba ndi kusintha pa mutu wa zomangamanga akale. Pa wapakamwa pali machicolations (machicolation) arkaturnye malamba (nambala ya arches zabodza), monograms amatsatira ndi turrets ndi nsonga wopeka. wapakamwa ali chokongoletsedwa ndi Bay mazenera ndi risalite (mbali ya nyumba kutumikira kwa wapakamwa waukulu mzere), pa denga pali mkulu chihema ndi vane nyengo.

zokopa zina

Mwamtheradi onse Old-Chitata Sloboda ndi zovuta Kazan kukopa. Koma pali zinthu ofunika mwapadera, osati kukondwerera chigawo mbiri, koma mzinda wonse wa Kazan. Nurullah Mosque ndi mapulani chipilala. Linamangidwa mu zaka 1845-1849 mu mtima wa mbiri Haymarket m'dera likuvutika banja limodzi Yunusov. Nyumba wapadera anamanga ndi wamanga AI Sand, wolemba wa polojekiti anali A. K. Loman. Pali mu Old Chitata Pamudzi ndi Blue Mosque, amene ali wokalamba nayenso. Onse a iwo, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, khumi, ndipo aliyense lotereli. Palinso Tikhvin Church, anaikira gulu linalake la Chitata kudzinenera Orthodoxy. Zinthu sanali achipembedzo chidwi Apanaeva House ndi Malonda House.

Ndi yapansi - yabwino

Tayang'anani pa zodabwitsa izi za anthu amabwera kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko. Kodi kufika Old Chitata kuthetsa? Pamene mzinda ali yapansi kuti ndi zokopa izo n'kosavuta. "Kremlin" siteshoni okwerera sitima ili pansi pa Kazan Kremlin - mmodzi wa malo waukulu alendo. Poyima penapo - "Square wa Tukai". Kufufuza malo mbiri mzindawo, mukhoza kupita ku okwerera izi. Kuchokera m'bwalo la Tatarstan Tukai msewu mkati ulendo wa Old Chitata Pamudzi. Ndi mkati mwa ulendo. Koma mathiransipoti n'zothekanso kuyendetsa - pali maulendo ali trolleybus nambala 3, 5, 7, ndi mabasi angapo. Ochokera m'madera ena a m'tauni ku likulu la Vakhitovsky mbiri anasiyanitsidwa ndi mtsinje wina Kazanka, akhoza anafika ndi mlatho "Millennium", lotseguka kwa chikumbutso 1000th wa Kazan, ndi madamu zitatu ndipo ntchito yapansi.

adiresi mumzinda

Integrated zowoneka - Chipangano Chitata kuthetsa - adilesi ili motere: South chapakati Vakhitovsky m'dera la mzinda Kazan. Ndipo ngati inu muyenera kudziwa keyala ya zokopa iliyonse, wachiwiri oyamba Pankhaniyi adzakhala Intaneti. Mwachitsanzo, kodi adiresi ya Al-Marjani? Izo zikuwoneka ngati izi: Kazan, street Kayum Nasyri, 17. Ndipo pamene Nyumba ya Shamil? Kazan, up. Gabdulla Tukai, 74.