Ancient tributary wa Volga mtsinje palokha

Volga sikuli chabe ndi chimodzi mwa mitsinje lalikulu la dziko, m'litali ndi 3530 Km, komanso beseni dera makilomita lalikulu 1.3 miliyoni ndi nsanje m'mayiko ambiri European. Kale izo ankatchedwa Ra, ku Middle Ages anawatcha Itil.

Yambani mwa m'madambo nyanja Valdai Hills. Chigwa kumulowetsa, kusuntha kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa, wasefukira kudzera ku Central Russian zomwe zili. Aliyense tributary watsopano wa Volga, merging ndi iwo, kuwupangitsa ndi olemera kwambiri. Atafika m'tsinde mwa Urals ndi mzinda wa Kazan, njira akutembenukira zikuchepa kum'mwera ndipo, kuswa mwa unyolo zitunda akulowa Caspian m'zigwa. Pa confluence a Nyanja Caspian azimva ankadziwana yaikulu.

Mtsinje dongosolo zikuphatikizapo za 151 zikwi mitsinje zosiyanasiyana okwana kutalika kuposa 574 zikwi makilomita. Mu mtsinje 300 kuthira mtsinje wina umayenda zochepa m'litali. Ambiri a iwo athamanga mu ake pa gawo kuchokera ku gwero ku mzinda wa Kazan. Tikumbukenso kuti makhwawa kumanzere zambiri kuposa kumanja, ndipo pambali, iwo nthawi zambiri zochuluka. Pa 85 Km from Kazan, mtsinje umayenda mu Kama - ndi tributary waukulu wa Volga.

Amene ali ofunika kwambiri: wakale Kama Ra kapena

A aakulu mowona ndi osefukira ndi waterway yaikulu ya gawo European la Russia anakhala pambuyo pophatikizana ndi Kama. Pafupi ndi mzinda wa Togliatti Volzhskaya HPP damu, kutchinga njira, ndipamene yaikulu Kuibyshev posungira. Mu thupi ili la madzi ndi amalowa waukulu kumanzere tributary wa Volga.

Pa magawo zofunika hydrological tiyenera kuziganizira waukulu Kama ndi Volga - tributary yake. Anaona woyamba asayansi, anachititsa kumbuyo mu 1875, anasonyeza kuti confluence iwo umabala mu mzere wake wa 3100 mamita ³ madzi pa wachiwiri, ndi Kama - 4300. Iwo likukhalira kuti tributary olemera kwambiri wa Volga. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ambiri beseni wake ili mu zone nayonso, pamene mvula ndi apamwamba kuposa m'madera ena a Volga beseni.

Pali malo angapo omwe mtsinje iyenera kuonedwa ndi Kama. Mmodzi wa iwo - gwero lake lili pamwamba pa chiyambi cha Volga, ndipo mu madera ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu. Ndipo chiwerengero cha makhwawa lalikulu Russian mtsinje Kama otsika.

Ndipo ambiri Chofunika - Kama kale pa nthawi imene wotchuka kwambiri Russian Mtsinje kulibe. Mu zoyambirira za nyengo Quaternary, kuti kuwundana waukulu Kama, merging ndi Vishera, onyamula madzi ake pamodzi ndi bedi lakale la Nyanja ya Caspian.

Koma mbiri ya Russia ndi phindu lake chikhalidwe cha mitsinje yaikulu ya Ulaya N'zoonekeratu waukulu. Choncho Kama - ndi tributary wa Volga ndi mfundo.

Mtsinje preglacial nthawi

Oka angaonere ndi kholo la Volga, chifukwa chigwa ake unakhazikitsidwa ngakhale pamaso pa Ice Age. Umayamba pa chapakati okwera, kutalika kwa gwero lake la 226 m. The mtsinje ukuyenda mu mtsinje waukulu pafupi ndi mzinda wa Nizhny Novgorod. M'dera la beseni ake ndi 245.000 Km ^2. Oka kutalika 1480 Km ndipo ndi chikhalidwe cha mmene lathyathyathya otaya mtsinje ndi otsetsereka a avareji za 0,11 ^O / _Oo. Yaikulu bwino tributary wa Volga, pa mfundo ya mtsinje chigwa ndi njira lagawidwa mbali chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi. The Oka otaya mtsinje limatchedwa Moscow, ndi Moksha ndi Klyazma.