Patsogolo chikhalidwe

patsogolo Social - lingaliro ili amakhudza kwambiri. Izo zimanyezimiritsa osati kusintha moyo chikhalidwe kuyenda mu malo onse ndi nthawi. Lingaliro la "patsogolo chikhalidwe" si lokhazikika ziyenera aliyense wa khalidwe la chitukuko, kapena malangizo kwambiri. Chodabwitsa chifukwa cha Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe, zomwe zikusonyeza kuwonjezeka mu chidziwitso sayansi ndi sayansi, komanso kulera zovuta gulu chikhalidwe ndi wopindula. Choncho, patsogolo chikhalidwe ndi muyezo wake kusonyeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu chipangizo ambiri. Izo ziyenera kuti kusintha kwa moyo chikhalidwe kumakhudza mwachindunji pa chitukuko cha umunthu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, patsogolo chikhalidwe zaposachedwapa zambiri zochokera lingaliro a anthu a Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe, amene cholinga chachikulu ndi umoyo, kudzikonda actualization wa munthu.

Zonsezi pamwambapa ndi chinyezimiro cha kumvetsetsa tanthauzo wotero. Funso la kupezeka kwa patsogolo chikhalidwe mu moyo anthu amaona mfundo ziwiri zosiyana. Lingaliro woyamba amazindikira kuti kuli maganizo, ndipo chachiwiri, motero, alibe kuzindikira.

Ndi ziphunzitso zimene kuzindikira patsogolo chikhalidwe, lingaliro ndi cholinga chake iyenera kukhala koposa zonse, monga mfundo Parsons (American Katswiri) ndi mfundo Condorcet (French Katswiri-nzeru zapamwamba).

Otsiriza, mu zolemba zake analankhula kuli malamulo ndege mbiri. Condorcet ankakhulupirira kuti maganizo amatha kusintha dziko pamlingo zomveka. Malinga ndi nzeru zapamwamba za patsogolo chikhalidwe zimatengera kwenikweni kuchuluka kwa sayansi ndi maphunziro.

Mfundo imeneyi ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa maganizo a Comte. Izi Katswiri French anakonza lamulo la magawo atatu a patsogolo chikhalidwe mu chitukuko anthu, chifukwa cha zomwe anapita patsogolo maphunziro.

Ziphunzitso za Comte ndi Condorcet chinathandiza kuphunzira zamoyo wa anthu wakhala patsogolo pa moyo kafukufuku ammudzi.

Ndi zaka mazana makumi awiri chiphunzitso cha maziko neoevolyutsionistov malingaliro. Woimira azimuth uyu anali Parsons. Malinga ndi iye, monga muyezo waukulu patsogolo chikhalidwe imalimbikitsa kulimbitsa mphamvu dziphunzitsiranso wa anthu onse.

Lingaliro la kusanduka chikhalidwe imayendetsedwa ndi ziphunzitso zosiyanasiyana positi-mafakitale ndi anthu mafakitale. Monga muyezo patsogolo ntchito zinthu monga mlingo wa wamakono, mlingo wa chitukuko mawu a sayansi, kusintha kwa sayansi mu chikhalidwe zipatso mphamvu.

M'zaka za m'ma mochedwa 19 ndi oyambirira Akatswiri 20 tione kupambana kwa malingaliro a kusanduka chikhalidwe. Mu dera chikhalidwe , zikuwoneka tisafooke kwambiri, kuwonetsera kukhulupirira kuti mapanganowo mu sayansi ndi sayansi dera ndithu kuyambitsa kusintha anthu athanzi, komanso kuonjezera mlingo wa cikhalidwe, ndi chifukwa kuti anthu adzatha kuchotsa umphawi, umbuli ndi chilungamo.

Pali maganizo amene amakana patsogolo. Monga maziko methodological chiphunzitso ichi ndi mfundo za multiserver lingaliro mu chitukuko. Lingaliro Izi zikutsimikizira Mwina ndi variable chikhalidwe cha ndondomekoyi, kukana nthawi yomweyo patsogolo chikhalidwe ndi malamulo chikhalidwe.

Munthu woyamba ndi kumakana mfundo Nietzsche kulimbikitsa. Iyeyu anadzudzula umunthu ndi rationalism. Mu maganizo ake, choonadi mbiri yonyenga, ndi chidziwitso paphwando ndipo sangakhoze kukhala Kudziwa.