Nsomba Nsomba. Mitundu ya nsomba ndi kufotokozera awo

Salmonidae banja ndi nsomba yekha kuti ali suborder Salmoniformes. Palibe munthu amene kamodzi sanayese mbale kapena chum nsomba, Grayling ndi nsomba. Koma nsomba nsomba imatengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chokoma mwa gourmets. Monga wotchuka caviar wofiira anayamikira padziko lonse. Koma si aliyense amadziwa kuti mndandanda wa oimira amene amatchedwa mu liwu limodzi "nsomba" ndi yaikulu kwambiri.

List oimira Salmoniformes

banja iyi imakhala ndi oimira anthu a nsomba monga nsomba ndi nyumba mumapezeka nsomba ndi Grayling, gale- ndi Cisco, whitefish ndi zofiirira mumapezeka nsomba, chinook ndi coho, sockeye ndi chum nsomba ndi utawaleza mumapezeka nsomba. Imadziwika kuti nsomba zambiri ndi mumapezeka nsomba, wotchedwa nsomba za mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Maina onsewa amadziwika ngati gulu.

Salmonid nsomba, mndandanda wa lomwe pano ikukhudzana kwa madzi oyera ndi anadromous, mwachitsanzo moyo m'nyanja, koma zimaswana mu mitsinje madzi akuthamanga. Nthawi zina njira iyi ya moyo M'pofunikanso iwo ndi ana awo osabadwa.

Nsomba za banja moyo mu nyanja - Pacific ndi Atlantic, komanso mu madzi atsopano a M'madera a zitunda pakati ndi kumpoto ndi madzi a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Waukulu kuswana pansi amati Kamchatka.

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nsomba ofunika monga nsomba chakudya. Ndipo kupangidwa ndi anthu osati chifukwa cha chakudya chokoma nyama zokoma ndi zopindulitsa, komanso caviar zodula kwambiri, amenenso ndi chakudya chokoma. Ndicho chifukwa ena salmonids kawetedwe ali pafupi kutha. Mitundu ina ngakhale kutchulidwa "Red Book" pofuna kuteteza iwo.

Salmon khola - nsomba nsomba zimene chongopeka ayipanga nakulitsa. Komanso, alimi ena nsomba ayipanga mitundu mumapezeka nsomba.

Magawo waukulu wa anthu a nsomba

Thupi kutalika kwa anthu a nsomba ranged ku miyeso kochepa kwambiri ka masentimita chabe mamita awiri. Zing'onozing'ono ndi whitefish, koma nsomba, mumapezeka nsomba ndi chinook nsomba, monga waukulu kufika makilogalamu 70 kulemera.

Childs, moyo wa nsomba okha kwa zaka 15. Koma nthawi zina palinso azaka zoposa woona. Mwachitsanzo, chinapezeka mumapezeka nsomba - nsomba za mitundu nsomba kuti anakhalako zaka zoposa 50 ndipo pa nthawi ya adani kulemedwa makilogalamu 105! Ndipo kukula kwa otsalawo zinadabwitsa aliyense: mamita awiri ndi theka mkulu - kuti anali kutalika kwa thupi lake!

maonekedwe Salmoniformes

Oimira Salmoniformes dongosolo lawo kwambiri Clupeiformes. Zikuoneka kuti kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo ankaona achibale awo kwambiri a hering'i wotchuka. Koma ndi posachedwapa, asayansi amene amaphunzira nsomba, anasonyeza kuti phwando la palokha. Ndiyamika kupezeka, iwo anali gulu lapadera, limene bwino wotchedwa - Salmoniformes.

Thupi la nsomba izi laterally wothinikizidwa, elongated ndi mamba wozungulira anaphimba. Mu mitundu ina, mamba ndi zisa m'mphepete. nsomba zambiri kusiyana ndi mawanga pamaso pa thupi, mtundu wa nakrap. Chinthu chapadera alinso lateral mzere zikuyenda thupi.

zipsepse Salmoniformes

The zipsepse pectoral ndi mitundu yonse ya banja ili ndi kunyezimira spiny. Iwo nizkosidyaschimi. Koma zipsepse ventral ndi kunyezimira kamodzi kapena kupitirirapo.

Palinso chinthu china chidwi nsomba. Mwachitsanzo, dorsal zipsepse amene amapezeka mu awiri nsomba. Mmodzi wa iwo, kwenikweni, ndi zambiri kuwala. Ndipo salmonids lili kwa mbewu 10 mpaka 16, ndipo pa hariusovyh - kuchokera pa 17 kufika 24 Zitatha izi ndi wina chipsyepsye bezluchevoy wotchedwa mafuta. Malowa ali pamtunda mwachindunji pandunji pa chipsyepsye kumatako ndi bokosi khalidwe la banja la nsomba.

kapangidwe Salmoniformes

Palinso zina zambiri zosiyana pakati pa a m'banjali ena onse. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba nsomba ndi kusambira chikhodzodzo, kulumikiza kum'mero njira yapadera. intestine ndi zida zokhudzana ake ambiri pyloric. Pakamwa nsomba pamwamba nsomba banja m'mphepete awiriawiri awiri a mafupa otchedwa premaxillary ndi maxillary.

An chidwi Mbali akazi osiyana amene alibe oviducts achikalekale, umene pa yakucha wa mazira n'kuwasanganiza yomweyo imagwera mwachindunji mu M'mimbamo thupi.

Nsomba Nsomba kudabwa chifukwa chakuti ndi pamaso pa zikope mandala. Komanso, Salmoniformes kwambiri mpaka imfa si kwathunthu ossified mafupa. Mwachitsanzo, zayamba onse chigaza tichipeza chichereŵechereŵe ndi mbali nthambi osati incremented kuti matupi vertebral.

Poaching amapha ana a nsomba

Pa spawning yapadera kwambiri, ndi zina mbali ya banja la nsomba. chakuti ndondomeko izi zimachitika zokha mwa madzi abwino. Choncho, zosamukasamuka nsomba zamoyo nyanja ndi nyanja, pamene madzi ndi mchere, spawning kumtunda adzauka mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Nyanja Salmoniformes akubwereranso ku malo anabadwa okha.

Pali zambiri malingaliro amene amafotokoza chifukwa chake kapena chifukwa nsomba ayenera pansi spawning malo a kubadwa kwake. Koma anthu opha siziboola mutu wanga pa funso limeneli. Iwo akutenga ntchito mfundo imeneyi, mphalapala akuwononga doroguschy nambala yaikulu nsomba, wokonzeka kubereka ana ambiri. Pa njira kwa spawning malo zakonzedwa maukonde, ntchito phukusi zachiwawa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kuwala sizimawoneka kuchuluka yaikulu nsomba.

Iwo zinthu zofanana njira opha nyama osati chifukwa ati nsomba spawning n'zosavuta kwambiri kupha. funso akadali komanso apuma pa mfundo yakuti pamaso spawning nsomba mu metamorphosis lamkati. Mwachitsanzo, iwo wangokhala m'mimba, chiwindi ndi matumbo, nyama wotaya elasticity ndi mafuta ake zili yomwe mwachibadwa amakhudza kukoma kwa mankhwala.

spawning nsomba

Monga tanenera kale, mu nthawi pamaso kuswana asintha ndi nsomba za banja nsomba. Kuwonjezera imfa ya palatability nyama, akusinthika ndi kunja: thupi limataya siliva ake, mtundu Kuŵaliraŵalirabe, kuonekera pa thupi ofiira ndi mawanga akuda, kumakhaladi apamwamba. Amuna a mitundu ina kukhala imakhala, ndi kuti anali kuoneka dzina la mmodzi wa mitundu - nsomba.

Nsagwada kusintha salmonids: chapamwamba anaŵerama kunsi, ndi pansi M'malo mwake, pamwamba, kuwonjezera kukula kwa mano.

Nsomba Nsomba wamwamuna nyengo spawning afika yowala ukwati chovala. Aliyense subspecies ndi zosiyanasiyana maonekedwe pa nthawi ino mosiyana.

Amadziwika kuti ambiri nsomba anadromous pambuyo spawning afa. Chotero tsoka ndi akuyembekezera Pacific nsomba, sockeye, pinki nsomba ndi anthu ena. Koma pakati pa anthu a Atlantic, mu nsomba makamaka, anthu ena amakwaniritsa ndithu kukhala moyo. Panali milandu pamene spawning nsomba imodzi zinachitika maulendo anayi, ndipo kamodzi ngakhale anayesedwa nkhani - nsomba anabwera kubereka kwa nthawi wachisanu!

mumapezeka nsomba

mndandanda kwambiri yaikulu oimira salmonids. mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi maonekedwe awo, komanso malo. Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi mumapezeka nsomba - nsomba banja. Mwina osati mtundu winawake, ndipo dzina gulu ochepa. Maonekedwe, osati aliyense angathe kudziwa anthu enieni wachokera ku mitundu ina. Koma akatswiri kusiyanitsa Alpine ndi Scottish, European ndi American, mtsinje komanso nyanja, komanso utawaleza mumapezeka nsomba. oimira onse a mitundu ya nsomba ndi wokongola kwambiri.

Ponena za utawaleza mumapezeka nsomba, osanenapo ubwino wake pa mitundu ina yonse. nsomba wodzichepetsa ndi chokoma, ndipo pambali, ndi wokongola kwambiri. dzina lake anaonekera chifukwa cha yowala mtundu thupi shimmers mu kuwala kwa mitundu yonse ya utawaleza.

Nathenje n'kopindulitsa malonda, monga bwinobwino ayipanga chongopeka kwa kusaka kwa chakudya. Ena odyera kupereka gourmets kusankha moyo nsomba Madamu wapadera yokumba kuti akakole maukonde kuphika komanso kuphika ndi makasitomala. Kawetedwe mumapezeka nsomba mitundu ina kuposa mumapezeka nsomba monga mumapezeka nsomba ndi gale- ndi.

chinook

Izi Salmoniformes nthumwi spawns makamaka Koryak zomwe zili, Kamchatka ndi zilumba Commander. Chinook nsomba - mmodzi wa nsomba yaikulu ya Pacific Ocean, komanso ambiri lalikulu madzi oyera nsomba kumpoto. Ena toyesa kufika kulemera kwa makilogalamu makumi asanu ndi kutalika thupi wofanana pafupifupi imodzi ndi mamita theka. chinook mumtundu zoonera: mawanga ang'ono ndi madontho amwazikira pamwamba pa mutu, ndi dorsal chipsyepsye ndi mchira ndipo pamodzi ndi theka chapamwamba za thupi.

galu nsomba

Mumakhala mitundu yonse salmonid nsomba, chithunzi cha zimene zili m'nkhani ino ndi mawanga pa thupi ndi zipsepse. Koma chum chimasiyanitsa ajombera wathunthu. Nthawi zambiri zikhoza anaona zizindikiro kukomoka ukwati chovala. Izi kawirikawiri grayish pinki mikwingwirima kuti amathamanga kudutsa torso ndi.

Pa spawning chum zikuchepa siyanitsa ndi mitundu yonse ya nsomba. Ichi ndi chifukwa thupi lake chokongoletsedwa ndi mtanda red-wakuda ndi mikwingwirima wobiriwira. A chum wamwamuna kudabwa mano yaikulu kuti zikukangalika kukula nthawi imeneyi kuti iwo sakudziwa nkomwe angathe kutseka pakamwa panu.

wofiira nsomba

Dzina lachiwiri la nthumwi za nsomba - nsomba wofiira, chifukwa nyama si pinki mmenemo, monga anthu ena onse a nsomba, ndi mphamvu ya wofiira kwambiri. Inde, pa nyengo kuswana, mtundu wa nsomba ali ndi mitundu lapadera: wobiriwira mutu zipita thupi wofiira.

Pamaso spawning wamkazi amanga chisa ana ake m'tsogolo. Iwo mwamphamvu amasuntha zipsepse pamwamba pa nthaka nsangalabwi, kusamba kuti achoke mchenga chabwino ndi matope. Ndiye limatulutsa wofiira nsomba caviar, zomwe, malingana ndi kutentha yozungulira akukula masiku 50 mpaka 150. Kumaliza resorption wa yolk sac mphutsi kukhala mayi zisa wamkazi.

Grayling

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa oimira losaiwalika salmonids. Iye monochrome imvi mdima mmbuyo ndi mbali, mitundu ina ndi mawanga akuda a mosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe. Siberia ndi zholtopyatnisty, Amur, ndipo wotsika Amur ndi Baikal Grayling kusiyana ndi pamaso pa mawanga lalikulu utoto pa mbali ya pamimba. zipsepse m'chiuno ali chokongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima red-bulauni. Izi njanji akuda watayika wofiirira mitundu. Bright amtundu wina mchira ndi kumatako zipsepse Grayling wathunthu chithunzi cha munthu uyu wokongola.

whitefish

mtundu wa nsomba imatengedwa polymorphic monga mbali yosangalatsa amene zenizeni zimene amakhulupirirazi, n'zovuta. Mwina Dziwani kusowa mano ndi kukhalapo kwa M'mimbamo m'munsi. Ena mitundu zingaoneke kutchulidwa rylnuyu malo. Mwa nsomba mu mtundu uwu monga oimira chabwino.

Kutalika kwa thupi whitefish kungakhale 10 cm kwa mitundu ang'ono ndi masentimita 60 - pa yaikulu. Moyo wa nsomba angafikire kwa zaka 20, koma kudzadzipeza ndi toyesa ambiri kuyambira zaka 7 mpaka 10. Semianadromous komanso nyanja whitefish zina amakula masentimita 68 m'litali ndi amatha kulemera kwa 2kg. Munthu lalikulu limene anakwanitsa mukuyigwira, anali gulu la makilogalamu 12.

Kambiranani za nsomba akhoza kukhala wopandamalire - zinthu kwambiri chodabwitsa ndi chidwi kugwirizana ndi banja ili la nsomba.