Novella - ndichiyani? Tanthauzo. History. ntchito yabwino

Mmodzi wa mitundu ya mtundu wanyimbo zopeka ndi nthano. Kodi mtundu wa mawonekedwe Nkhani, adzaphunzilanso pa nkhani imeneyi.

tanthawuzo

Novella - ndichiyani? Izi akuti amatanthauza mawonekedwe a mtundu wanyimbo Nkhani prose, yodziwika ndi kufupika, pachimake chiwembu ndale ulaliki kalembedwe, kusowa kuwerenga maganizo ndi zotsatira mosayembekezereka. The Russian mabuku kutsutsa kusiyanitsa mawu akuti "buku" ndi "nkhani". Komabe, kusiyana mfundo ziwiri amaona kwambiri. Malinga B. M. Eyhenbauma, buku powonekera modes, pamene nkhani ndi maganizo khalidwe la chimawala ndi Nkhani kalembedwe. Goethe otchedwa phunziro la buku la "Kwatha zodabwitsa zikuchitika." B. V. Tomashevsky anamasulira mawu akuti "nkhani" monga makamaka Russian synonymously ndi mawu akuti "buku". maganizo ndi zoona popeza kusiyana mu zinenero zambiri pa onse amene adapangidwa pakati pa mfundo ziwirizi.

magwero majini

Polemba chinenero "buku" amabwerera wowerengeka nkhani, nthano, mafanizo ndi anecdotes. Akungoyendayenda nkhani wowerengeka wa Ages Middle kenako yankhanza zopereka zovuta zosanjidwa, amene unadzipiringiza zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku zamatsenga, "Kathasaritsagara" "Panchatantra", "Sindbadova buku", "Hezar-Efsan," "chikwi ndi usiku wina." Ntchito zonsezi zoyambira za buku ano. Kuyambira lero anecdote Nkhani mawonekedwe losiyana osati azithunzithunzi ndi chimatsogoleredwa kapena n'zomvetsa chisoni. Kuyambira nthano za - chosowa didacticism. Mu nkhani ya matsenga amaona ngati chinachake chauzimu, ndipo kumasiyana ku nthano.

nkhani tingachipeze powerenga

Mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano wofotokozedwa mbali yaikulu ya mtundu wanyimbo izi. Nkhani yakale pazikhalanso chiwembu, kukwaniritsidwa ndi denouement. The kufotokoza mu mankhwala okhulupirika. Koma pamwamba pa zonsezi, polemba chinenero ichi amakhala ndi zosayembekezereka "Sokolin" Kulowera (paulendo pointe), limene, mogwirizana ndi Aristotle, limafanana ndi nthawi kutchuka kapena vicissitudes. Mwachitsanzo, Shklovsky anafotokoza buku monga nkhani za chikondi mwagwirizana wokondwa, koma ngati ikulongosola za mavuto chikondi kuti anthu akufuna tigonjetse. Zosonkhanitsira otchuka nkhani yochepa mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano anali "Decameron" Dzhovanni Bokkachcho.

Novella mu mbiri

Novella - ndichiyani? Aliyense lothandiza zolembalemba kuyankha funso m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Romanticism ziletso pa mtundu wanyimbo amaonekera wa mystique. Mu "Sandman" HOFFMANN kusiyana pakati pa zochitika zenizeni ndi kumasulira kwawo m'maganizo ngwazi za chitakonzedwa. Mpaka Kubwera kwa Kuzindikira mu buku la analibe kuwerenga maganizo ndi nzeru, za dziko lamkati la ngwazi akhoza adzaweruzidwa ndi zochita zake. wolemba sanasiye kuwunika pa zimene zikuchitika. Mkubwela kwa Kuzindikira buku mu zosinthika ake chakale pafupifupi kusiyiratu. Mu malo polemba chinenero ichi chidzamveka mitundu ina prose. Mu Russia, pa malo oyamba pali nkhani, limene kwa nthawi yaitali ngati nkhani. Alexander Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol, W. Marly, V. Odoyevski - olamulira otchuka wa yochepa nkhani.

ntchito yabwino

Nkhani, nkhani yochepa kwa zaka osiyana zonse chidwi kwa owerenga masiku ano. polemba chinenero ichi ali palokha majeremusi a zongoganiza, yopeka, ofufuza. Edgar Allan Poe pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19, analemba chodabwitsa ntchito lachinsinsi monga "Kugwa kwa Nyumba ya wothandizira," "Ligeia", "A nthano za ovutika Mountains," "Vilyam Vilson." wolemba ndi pa chiyambi cha ulendo ( "Golden Chikumbu") ndi ofufuza (Kunena za ofufuza Dupin) prose. Zikutsatiridwa nkhani wotchuka O. Henry. Katswiri paradoxes azithunzithunzi anatulukira buku awiri Poyankha, abodza ndi lenileni, amene owerenga ndi osakonzekera. Nkhani za "Mphatso za Amagi", "The mtsogoleri wa Redskins," "Russian sable", "Bakuman Tildy" kuwerenga mpweya umodzi. Novella - ndichiyani? Akulemera Merime, GI De Mopassan, Tofil Gote, Anton Chekhov, Konan Doyl, Lyudvig Tik - aliyense wa alembi amenewa yankho osiyana funso limeneli, ndipo anatsimikizira kuti n'zotheka kulenga katswiri woona mu mtundu wanyimbo wamfupi zopeka.