Nkhondo yolimbana cosmopolitanism mu USSR mwachidule. Chiyambi cha nkhondo yolimbana cosmopolitanism: chaka. Zifukwa ndi cosmopolitanism

Nkhondo yolimbana cosmopolitanism, tsiku limene mbe mu mbiri Soviet, wakhala chinavomerezedwa ndi boma. Zinali kampeni maganizo ndi nzika, woimira, malinga ndi utsogoleri dziko, kuopsa kwa boma. Iwo amasiyana maganizo, samagwirizana ndi malangizo a ndondomeko zoweta ndi achilendo boma la Soviet. Tiganizire moposera mmene nkhondo yolimbana cosmopolitanism.

mwachidule

Nkhondo yolimbana cosmopolitanism mu USSR Mwachidule, anali osiyana ndi anzeru Soviet. Anthuwa ankatengedwa onyamula mwa maganizo ovomereza-Western. Pachiyambi zinali zodzaza ndi kulimbana ndi cosmopolitanism? kampeni tsiku chikugwirizana ndi nthawi ya nkhondo ozizira. chandamale Aika anali chikhalidwe ndi sayansi, Soviet Ayuda. Iwo onse adadzikweza Russian Komabe, zimanenedwa ndi boma la akusowa wakutemwa, kugwirizana ndi West, ndi mthunzi ku Marx ndi malingaliro Lenin a.

Zifukwa ndi cosmopolitanism

Chigonjetso mu Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo wachititsa kuzikonda dziko mu ungwazi wa anthu, wamphamvu kuchuluka wakutemwa. Izo zonse anafesa mu maganizo a anthu chiyembekezo cha kusintha kwa moyo, kukula kwa ufulu zosangalatsa za boma ulamuliro okhwima mu malo osiyana. Koma overdue Cold nkhondo. Anawawononga kukhulupirira tsogolo labwino. Pamene zizindikiro loyamba kuwonongeka timakhala za dziko ndi West ndi malamulo boma mu 1946, boma kukakamiza akuluakulu a bourgeoisie ndi anzeru. M'magazini otchuka lofalitsidwa patsamba kutsogolo kwa Committee waukulu wa chikhalidwe olamulira. Mu mabuku a "Leningrad" ndi "Star" anali kudzudzulidwa olemba, alakatuli Opanga filimuyi, analemba. Ena mwa iwo anali Akhmatova, Dovzhenko, Zoshchenko, Twardowski, Eisenstein, Shostakovich, Prokofiev. Iwo, monga ena ambiri, anali yodziwika mu chisankho Komiti a ku Central ngati anthu a makhalidwe ndi zoipa. Pogonjetsa boma chifukwa ndi ntchito Tarle. Iye mlandu, makamaka zolakwa kuwerengedwa kwa Crimea nkhondo, kulungamitsidwa za nkhondo imene inachitika pansi Catherine II. Izi zonse limodzi ndi olakwika kwa malo awo kumangidwa. Anthu awa anali kuzunzidwa chifukwa cha zimene adadzikweza pamlingo winawake osadalira pa malingaliro a Soviet Union, ufulu wosankha pakati East ndi West. Mawu "munkapezeka" amatanthauza kuchotsedwa. Iwo akufotokoza amayanjana kwa nzika za dziko, ziribe kanthu mu dziko chimene iye anabadwa ndi moyo.

Nkhondo yolimbana cosmopolitanism mu USSR (mwachidule)

Woyamba kuyang'anira anthu kutsatira miyambo Western unayamba kuonekera pamaso kuzizira, ndipo ngakhale nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Choncho, odziwika kupondereza anthu amene samagwirizana ndi dongosolo umoyo ndale za dziko. Ngati ife kulankhula za amene anatsogolera nkhondo yolimbana cosmopolitanism mu USSR, izo mosakayikira Stalin. Kutsogolera kunapatsidwa kwa mawu wokopa wake May 24, 1945 apo, Stalin analozera kufunika kwa anthu Russian, n'kumanena kuti ndi tsiku zowatsogolera mphamvu ya fuko lonse. mawu ake onse anathandiza mwachangu atolankhani Soviet. M'malingaliro a anthu amene anali mizu chikhulupiriro kuti anali Russian anali ndi mphamvu zazikulu zimene anawononga Nazi kuti popanda thandizo palibe mtundu wina ku Soviet Union, zimenezi sizikanakhala kupirira. Kampeni lonse unachitikira pansi pa mbendera ya kulima dziko lawo. Nthawi zambiri ena ndi zoweta magazini kulimbana ndi cosmopolitanism Mwachidule, ndi ofanana Stalin odana Semitism. maganizo umenewu unakhalapo ndi azambiriyakale ambiri.

zolinga

yokopa maganizo mu nthawi unawonongedwa akhala ambiri anayala ndipo anamupangitsa waukulu kulira pagulu. Cholinga chachikulu cha boma, malinga ndi ofufuza ena, chinali kukhazikitsa ndi kukhala ulamuliro pa mitundu mpheto zina. Nkhondo yolimbana cosmopolitanism (chaka cha mawonetseredwe choyamba - 1948) wakhala pansi mwatcheru wa Stalin. Iye anamupatsa wapadera maganizo tanthauzo.

"The m'mabwalo a ulemu"

Kodi kulimbana ndi cosmopolitanism? 1948 akuganiza wanzeru kwambiri nthawi maonekedwe ake. "Makhoti ulemu" munakhazikitsidwa kwambiri njira imene Stalin. maphunziro awo - nduna chiyambi cha polimbana cosmopolitanism. "The m'mabwalo a ulemu" anali kudziwa mawonetseredwe onse a sycophancy ndi servility ndi chikhalidwe cha Kumadzulo. Iwo anapatsidwa udindo kuthetsa underestimation udindo wa atsogoleri a chikhalidwe Soviet ndi sayansi mu chitukuko cha chitukuko dziko. Chiyambi cha nkhondo yolimbana cosmopolitanism anali limodzi ndi chizunzo woyamba wa Ayuda. kampeni unachitikira ku mizinda yonse ya dziko. Makhoti anachita zinthu zonse dipatimenti. Iwo ankaona zochita odana ndi chikhalidwe ndi wotsutsa boma ndi zochita si chilango pansi ofala pa nthawi ya Code Wachifwamba.

Mlanduwu "KR"

Zinali mwambo a ntchito zikuluzikulu mu mabungwe onse kafukufuku dziko. Asayansi Klyuyev ndi Roskin analengedwa mu 1947, kupanga mankhwala polimbana ndi khansa. Iwo ankatchedwa "krucina odula manja" ( "Kr"). Apeza chidwi America. The US zoperekedwa kwa kafukufuku olowa. Akamaliza zoperekedwa kwa bukhuli. Pangano zogwirizana ndipo kunatha ndi chilolezo boma. Mu America Parin (Academician-Mlembi wa AMN) anatumidwa. Iye anapereka America mankhwala vial ndi nkhani asilikali a biotherapy a zotupa zilonda. zochita onsewa Parin anapangana ndi chilolezo cha nduna ya zaumoyo la USSR. Koma chochitika inali osakhutira kwambiri ndi Stalin. Anabwerera ku America Parin anamangidwa. Iye akakhale zaka 25 pansi yakuti "ciwembu." Komanso, mlandu wa Roskin ndi Klyuyev.

Yapaderayi ku Leningrad

Nkhondo yolimbana cosmopolitanism mwachangu anayamba ndi mzindawo pa Neva. Mu 1948, iye anakhala pakati pa msonkhano. Wamphamvu kuposa onse anadwala University Leningrad. Pa kulingalira zakale ndi philological akhala mu kumangidwa ndi athamangitsidwe aphunzitsi zabwino. Ena mwa iwo anali Weinstein, Hooke, Rabinovich, Mavrodin ndi ena. Ayuda sukulu maphunziro. Titamaliza yunivesite, pambuyo yogawa analandira malangizo akufa a m'chigawo kapena ngakhale anakhalabe ulova. Kwa nthawi yaitali wakhala anasiya kulandira Ayuda posts kuphunzitsa. ndodo zonse ndi ophunzira ankaletsedwanso kufalitsa m'magazini lonse. Nkhondo yolimbana cosmopolitanism anali opindulitsa kwambiri "mediocre asayansi." Ambiri a iwo ntchito lobisika mabuku oletsedwa yachilendo, kupereka buku lawolawo.

Zoipa kumatanthauza akuti

Mu March 1945 Aleksandrov linatulutsa Nkhani ya m'magazini "Mavuto a Philosophy". M'bukuli iye mlandu unpatriotic maganizo otchuka ndi apamwamba monga Trotsky, Milyukov, Bukharin. Cosmopolitans, mu maganizo ake, anatsala Socialist boma ndi wa Chikomyunizimu, makamaka amene anagwirizana ndi Anazi panthawi ya nkhondo, General Vlasov. Ndi m'nkhani ino, azambiriyakale ambiri amanena maonekedwe a yowala wokhala zoipa akuti. Munkapezeka poyerekezera ndi "adani a anthu" kapena "opanduka kuti Mama." Alexandrov m'nkhani wake maina enieni. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali mkonzi wamkulu wa "Mavuto a Philosophy" - magazini kumene linasindikizidwa. Kuyambira nthawi kuti kulimbana ndi cosmopolitanism rootless wadutsa mu mabuku.

"Anti-zosonyeza kukonda gulu la otsutsa zisudzo"

Stalin, kupereka maganizo tanthauzo msonkhano, nthawi zambiri lofalitsidwa yotsogolera magazini pansi pseudonym munthu. Choncho, anafalitsa nkhani mu nyuzipepala "Pravda". Panali mafotokozedwe zingapo zosiyana, koma mabuku waperekedwa kokha ku "munkapezeka rootless". Mu 1949 kunabuka nkhondo pakati pa otsutsa a Theatre Society ndi mutu wa Union of Writers. Choyamba ku nkhani yake anali opal mankhwala Socialists (Fadeev, makamaka). Yotsirizira Nayenso mlandu ofufuza za cosmopolitanism. The E nkhondo inali Popov pandekha anapempha tcheru Stalin kwa nkhaniyi. Zotsatira zake zinali linakhazikitsa zikuluzikulu kukamenyana cosmopolitanism mabwalo mabuku. Chovuta kugunda, ndithudi, Ayuda.

zotsatira

Nkhondo yolimbana cosmopolitanism zinachititsa kuti kudzipatula Union anthu a ku dziko lakunja. Ofufuza ena, ndawala lonse unayambitsidwa ndi Stalin kumangitsa njira yawo (onse achilendo ndi zoweta). Mwa zotsatira titchedwe pofuna kuthana ndi kungasokoneze chitukuko cha sayansi Soviet ndi chikhalidwe. Kutheka asayansi ndi olimbikitsa kwadzaoneni okha. Kulimbikitsa kulamulira maganizo kwambiri anaponya Soviet Union kumbuyo poyerekeza ndi West. Mwachitsanzo, njira kutseka zoweta Genet. Academician Lysenko anali kuyang'anira agrobiology. A madokotala ambiri, asayansi nthaka ndi akatswiri ena akhala amati ndi dongosolo masika. Izi kwambiri akulephera chitukuko cha madera chifungulo cha agro-kwachilengedwenso. Kampeni anadzudzula nthambi yofunika kwambiri sayansi ankaletsedwanso kugwirizana ndi Akhristu yachilendo. Kwenikweni izo zinali zochepa n'zotheka kukambirana akuti mwa antchito ophunzira kwambiri ndi zapamwamba.

Pomaliza

Izo ziyenera kuti polimbana cosmopolitanism ankaona kusonyeza odana Semitism. Komabe, malinga ndi ofufuza ena, izo sizinali umalimbana makamaka Ayuda. Komanso zikuluzikulu kupondereza anthu, monga iwo anali mu zaka 30, kunachitidwa. Cholinga chachikulu cha nkhondo anali mumpanda ganizo chikhalidwe komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa amailamulira. Chifukwa cha zochita boma, "ziwiya za ulemu" amayambidwa kuwononga kwambiri zosiyanasiyana sayansi. zofooka chidwi unakhazikitsidwa kuti ufulu woyankhula, ndinaganiza, kusindikiza. Boma anatsogolera ntchito umalimbana kudzipatula dziko la ku asatengere Western. Zinali nsembe zaufulu za zinthu m'bwalo lonse. Anthu Soviet, ntchito pofuna kuthetseratu ulamuliro makhalidwe ndi sayansi ya West. Mosakayikira ndi mphamvu ya Cold Nkhondo kwambiri ntchitoyi. Stalin, Iganizireni Bwino mu dziko ndi mu dziko, anaganiza musanjenso kumvera pa kulankhula mu propaganda Communist ndi mfundo ndi dissent owalimbikitsa wakutemwa mwa anthu. Pa kulimbana anakhudzidwa antchito a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Komabe, umboni ndi magwero a mbiri yakale, zimamupweteka kwambiri kwa Ayuda.