Nkhondo ya Yaryshmardy: mndandanda wa akufa, mboni zoona

Mphamvu ziwiri ku Chechnya, yomwe inayamba mu 1991 ndipo inadzitcha yekha Republic, inatsogolera nkhondo ndi boma ndi zida zapakati pakumenyera mphamvu, zomwe zinatha ndi asilikali a Russia mu December 1994. Motero anayamba nkhondo yoyamba ya Chechen, yomwe sikuti atsogoleri onse a dzikoli adafuna kutenga nawo mbali. Koma ngati akazembewo atasiya ntchito ndikupewa kutumiza ku North Caucasus, ndiye kuti asilikali omwe ankalemba nawo komanso akuluakulu apolisi analibe mwayi. Mwachangu, regiments inatsirizidwa ndi kutumizidwa kukachita nkhondo ku Chechnya. Choipa ichi sichinapewe ndi SME ya 245 (mothamanga mfuti), yomwe inasowa gawo lalikulu la antchito ake panthawi ya nkhanza. Nkhondo yovuta kwambiri inali m'mudzi wa Yarishmardy pa April 16, 1996, yomwe inachitikira zaka makumi awiri zapitazo.

245 SME

The 245th regiment ili ndi dzina la Alonda chifukwa cha mbiri yachilendo pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikhalidwe. Mzinda wa Nizhny Novgorod, pamasiku khumi a Januwale 1995, atagonjetsedwa ndi magulu a federal kuti agwire Grozny, akuyamba kubwezeretsanso anthu omwe akugwira nawo ntchito pa nthawi ya nkhondo. Chiwerengero chake chinakula katatu ndipo chinakhala anthu 1,700 chifukwa chochokera ku KDVO (Red Banner Far Eastern Military District). Kuwonjezera pa olembera, odzipereka omwe sanalandire maphunziro oyenerera adafunsidwanso. Kutangotsala pang'ono kufika ku Chechnya, asilikaliwa sankachita nawo zolimbitsa thupi kuti agwirizane.

Poganizira kuti kumpoto kwa Caucasus magulu anayi a asilikali adzalowe m'malo mwa regiment, zimakhala zomveka ndi chitsanzo chake kuti asilikali sankakonzekera nawo ntchito yowonjezera ku Chechen ndipo adawonongeka. Anthu okwana 245 okha omwe anaphedwa adzakhala anthu 220, kuphatikizapo mwana wa Lieutenant-General Pulikovsky (December 1995) ndi anyamata omwe ataya mitu yawo pankhondo zina makumi awiri. Nkhondo yamagazi kwambiri inali mudzi wa Yashmardy, womwe unayankha anthu ambiri.

M'dera la nkhondo

The SME 245th nthawizonse akhala patsogolo, kutenga mbali ya Prigorodnoye (Grozny), Goysky, Vedeno, Arkhtan-Yurt, Shatoi ndi Gotov. Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa zaka 95, regiment yakhazikika pafupi ndi Shatoi, idatetezedwa m'misewu ndikuyang'ana pa roadblocks. Asilikari anali kuyenda ndi zipilala zonyamula katundu, chakudya ndi thandizo kwa anthu wamba. Kuyambira mu February 1995, atatha kuzungulira ndikuletsa asilikali akuluakulu a Dudayev ku South-East gulu la asilikali, zochitika zachilendo zokhudzana ndi kupatukana zinayamba kuchitika kawirikawiri.

Pa ntchitoyi kuti agwire Shatoi mu June 1995, gawo la 245 la regiment linasokonezedwa pafupi ndi mudzi wa Zone ku Argun Gorge. Izi zinachitika chifukwa cha chitsogozo chosasamala komanso kusowa kwachangu. Ngakhale kuti zinawonongeka, mfundoyi idakhala yosasamala mwa kusangalala komwe kumakhudzana ndi kutenga Shatoi. Koma iyi inali belu yoyamba ku zovuta, zomwe zinatsika m'mbiri monga nkhondo ndi Yaryshmardy. Pa March 31, 1996, ndime ya paratroopers yomwe inali pafupi ndi mudzi wa Benoi, yomwe inkapita ku Vedeno, inaponyedwa, koma izi sizinapangitse lamulo loonjezera chitetezo pamene akudutsa mumtsinje.

Zomwe zinayambira zochitika za April

Pa April 4, oyang'anira mzinda wa Yaryshmardy adasaina mgwirizano wamtendere ndi asilikali a federal, zomwe zinaletsa nkhondo kumadera. Pogwiritsa ntchito chikalata cha mkulu wa antchito a 324th SME, omwe amayang'anira njira ya Shatoi, njira yochotsera msewu inachotsedwa mamita 500 kuchokera kumudzi. Mtsogoleri wa asilikali sanadziwitse.

Nkhondo yolimbana ndi Yaryshmardy idzachitika malinga ndi lamulo la Mtumiki wa Chitetezo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokha pokhapokha ngati atadzitetezera ndi kukana kugwira nawo ndege ku Chechnya. Anabwera pamsewu wothandizira chinsinsi pafupi masiku khumi isanayambe kuchoka ku kalata ya Khankala.

Mphepete

Gawo lalikulu la SME 245 linapanga ndime pa Shatoi, cholinga chake chinali kubweretsa kwa asilikali ankhondo ndi njira zamakono, mafuta ndi achinyamata. Chigawocho chinalumikizidwa ndi kusamutsidwa komanso kutumizidwa kunyumba chifukwa cha banja. Pali malipoti kuti palinso amayi a asilikali omwe akufunafuna ana awo omwe akusowa. Kuchokera ku Goisky iwo adayanjanitsidwa ndi magalimoto anayi a SM4 324. Mbali ya kumbuyo kwa lamulo la Major Terzovets inatuluka pa April 15, pambuyo pa chikondwerero cha Isitala. Atagona usiku ku Khankala, pakati pa tsiku lotsatira, magalimoto ndi zida zankhondo zidutsa kudutsa Dacha Borzoy ndi Yarishmardy, omwe ankakhala 1.5-2 km. Pambuyo pake kunali njoka yamphongo yopapatiza, yomwe imakhala tsiku la tsiku ndi tsiku "chinenero cha amayi".

Gulu la Argun Gorge, lomwe linali ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito zida zankhondo, linapitirizabe kugwirizana ndi a 324th SME, ndipo izi ndizo zomwe zinkachitidwa pofuna kuteteza anthu ndi zida zankhondo. Nkhondo ya Yaryshmardy idawomberedwa pa kanema ndi azimenyana okha, omwe chuma chawo chinakhala poyera. Potsutsana ndi mbalame zoyimba komanso zokambirana za a Khattab Jordan ndi Ruslan Gelaev, kubvunda kwa magalimoto kumveka. Zikuwonekera chifukwa cha nthambi zochokera kumphepete, momwe zimakhalira "Ural" zikuwoneka, kuyala, BTR. Pakati pa makina mtunda uli pafupi mamita 20. Mwadzidzidzi, ziphuphu zinatuluka pang'onopang'ono, kenako nkuwombera. Moto wochuluka wochokera kutalika, wosawonekera kumbuyo kwa "wobiriwira" ndi utsi wophimba utsi, amishonalewo anawombera pafupi ndi chigawo cha Russia. Videoyi inalembedwa nthawi - maola 13 mphindi 23. Iyi ndiyo mphindi pamene nkhondo inayamba ndi Yaryshmardy.

Nkhondo Yolimbana

Chithunzichi chikusonyeza kuti asilikaliwa akudikirira mwadala mwachindunji, pofika pofika pamapiko 20 kuti awononge moto. M'matanthwe makamaka anakumba zitsulo, zomwe ndi nthawi yowononga bizinesi. Malo onse a gulu la Khattab ndi Gelayev ali ndi zida zokwanira. Iwo ali pambali ziwiri, zomwe zimakupatsani inu kuwombera kudutsa mbali zonse za msewu. Pamsewu, malo osungirako mailesi anaikidwa pamsewu. Momwemo, malo oponderezedwa amasankhidwa chifukwa cha bendu yomwe imabisa zotenga mutu kuchokera kumchira wa chigawocho. Njira yomwe ili m'malo muno ndi yopapatiza kwambiri kotero kuti n'zosatheka kuti oyendetsa magalimoto kapena magalimoto ayambe kutembenuka kuti achoke kunkhondo.

Kumanzere ndi thanthwe lamtunda, kumanja - denga la mamita asanu mmwamba, pansi pake mumtsinje wa Argun. Pa nthawi ya moto, asilikali ena adatha kulumphira mu mtsinje wouma. Musati muwonongeke panthawi yomwe mutha kutsirizitsa anthu osuta, omwe anathetsa mpata wothawa. Msampha wodutsa pamtunda unasokonezeka pamene sitima yomwe inatsogolera pa bomba inagwera ndipo kuphulika kunamveka kumapeto kwa ulendo. Mipikisanoyo inamenyedwa moyenera pa chandamale, ataponyera maminiti oyambirira a nkhondoyo BMP ndi BRDM, akuloza ndimeyo. Mkulu wamkulu dzina lake Major Terezovets, woyang'anira wailesi komanso wogulitsa zida zankhondo anaphedwa. Kampani ya 245 SMPs sinali yogwirizana ndi dziko lakunja (mu VHF band panali chopinga chapadera), opanda mphamvu ndi chithandizo kuchokera ku mabomba ndi ndege. Mu kupha kwenikweni kwa asilikali achi Russia ndi apolisi, nkhondoyo ndi Yaryshmardy inasanduka nkhondo.

1996: zochitika zoopsya pamaso pa mboni zoona

Malingana ndi ma SME 245, panthawi yazigawenga anthu 73 anaphedwa, 52 anavulala, 6 magalimoto ankhondo a infantry, 1 BRDM, ndi magalimoto 11 anawonongedwa. "Komsomolskaya Pravda" inafalitsa nkhani imene anthu 95 anaphedwa chifukwa cha kusamukira kwawo ndipo anagwirizana nawo, omwe analipo asanalembedwe. Izi n'zosavuta kukhulupirira, chifukwa mayi wa wofukula makina oleg Oleg Ogoreltsev, yemwe adasinthidwa, adafunafuna mwana wake ku Chechnya kwa mwezi umodzi ndipo adatha kuzindikira mtembowo ku Rostov atangomaliza kukomana ndi anthu omwe adakalipo pa zochitika zodabwitsa. Mitembo 30 inachotsedwa ku nkhondo popanda kuthekera kudziwika: anyamata ankawotchedwa ngati nyali, atagonjetsedwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku ziwombankhanga za grenade kupita ku mapeto ndi BMP. Kodi anthu owona maso akulimbana ndi nkhondo ku Yaryshmardy?

Nkhonya Denis Barber, katswiri, akuti pambuyo poti utsi utatha, asirikali otsalawo anakana chipolopolo chomalizira panthawi yomwe ziwoneka bwino. Pambuyo pa nkhondoyi padzapezeka anthu asanu ndi awiri a zigawenga - okhala m'madera a Shatoi. Nthawi ya 6 koloko madzulo gulu la asilikali la Miroshnichenko ndi a SM4 324 linasunthira mpaka kumtunda, komanso gulu lodziwika bwino lovomerezeka. Panthawiyi, anthu a ku Chechens ndi azimayi achiarabu omwe anali m'gulu la khattab adathawa kale. Funso limodzi lokha linafunsidwa: chifukwa chiyani thandizo linabwera mochedwa? Mutu wa BRD unatsutsana mpaka omalizira, anyamatawo akhoza kukhala amoyo. Yankho lake linabwera: lamulo la regiment lidikira malemba ochokera pamwamba, ndipo magulu anayamba kuyendetsa chithandizo pokhapokha ola lachinayi. Mphepete mwa nyanjayi inali kugunda mapiri, zida zankhondo zikugunda, koma panalibenso magulu ankhondo pamapiri.

Igor Izotov, yemwe anali m'galimoto yachitatu, adanena kuti apulumuka ndi iwo omwe adatha kukanikiza pakati pa BMP kutsogolo ndi miyala, yomwe yakhala malo okhawo omwe adaphedwa. Amuna omwe anali pansi pa magalimotowa ankatenga njoka, kuwombera nsomba zakumwa pa asphalt.

Sergei Cherchik wovulalayo akukumbukira kuti, ngakhale kuti moto unali, pamakhala kuthandizana pakati pa asilikari. Iye, anavulala ndi chiphuphu, anatulutsa konsenti kuchokera pansi pa galimotoyo, ndipo pamene munthu ameneyo anali mu chikhomo cha mawondo, awiri a iwo anapulumutsidwa ndi msilikali-wolemba.

Kukumbukira kwamuyaya kwa wakufayo

Kuwona kuti chigawocho chinali kuyembekezera ndipo Khattab anali ndi chidziwitso chonse chokhudzana ndi momwe akugwirira ntchitoyo akuwonetseratu kuti magalimoto ofunika kwambiri anaphedwa ndi migodi ya pansi ndi grenade. Galimoto ya zachipatala sinapitirirebe. Ovulalawo adasonkhanitsidwa, ndipo matupi a akufa anaikidwa pa zida. Pamene MTLB inayamba kufalikira, magudumu ake anapachikidwa pamwamba pa chingwecho. Dalaivalayo adakwanitsa kuwongola galimotoyo, koma matupi a akufa anagwa mu Argun. Mmawa wonse wa 17, iwo anasiya msewu, akupeza mabomba asanu ndi awiri osadziwika. Magalimoto oyaka anagwetsedwa kuchokera kumtunda, kufufuza zinthu ndi manambala aumunthu. Motero anamaliza nkhondo pafupifupi maola anayi ndi Yaryshmardy.

Mndandanda wa ma SME 245 pamodzi ndi akuluakulu 11, kuphatikizapo mkulu wa zida za nkhondo, dzina lake Vyatkin, yemwe adaphedwa pomaliza nkhondo, Captain Lakhin, Major Milovanov, akuluakulu awiri a asilikali komanso asilikali ndi magulu makumi awiri ndi awiri. Pakati pawo muli asilikali 8 olembetsa. 33 anakhalabe osadziwika, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali maina awo, monga mfuti wamakina Ogareltsev, adayikidwa mothandizidwa ndi makolo ndi okondedwa awo. Pamalo a SMEs 245 pali buku la kukumbukira, ndipo m'tauni ya Nizhny Novgorod chimangidwe kwa iwo omwe adakwaniritsa ntchito zawo zaumphawi panthawi ya moyo wawo.

Kafukufuku wovomerezeka

Kufa kwa azimayi okwana 245 a SME ndi omwe adafunsidwa ndi boma, potsatira zomwe Duma Duma adayankhula ndi Lieutenant-General Rokhlin ndi ofesi ya aphungu, omwe sanazindikire zomwe anthuwa anachita. Rokhlin anadzudzula utsogoleri wa dziko lino ndi a Ministry of Defense, omwe sagonjetsa mchitidwe wa ku Chechnya ndipo analola kuwonetsera kwa kusokonekera komwe kunachititsa imfa ya asilikali. Ananena za kuwonongeka, kusadziŵa kuwerenga ndi kulephera kugwirizana pakati pa SME 245 ndi 324. Koma palibe wina, kuphatikizapo mkulu wa asilikali, Lieutenant Colonel Romanikhin, adalangidwa chifukwa cha nkhondo yovuta ku Yaryshmardy.

Zaka 20 kenako

Pa May 5, 1996, nkhani yoyamba yonena za tsoka lomwe lili ndi masamba 245 a SME inapezeka pamapepankhani a nyuzipepala yotchedwa Komsomolskaya Pravda, yomwe nthawi yomweyo idatchedwa kugulitsidwa pambali pake. Khattab muuthenga wa vidiyoyi akulankhula momveka bwino za malo omwe ali akuluakulu apamwamba. Koma simungamukhulupirire, mukufunikira kufufuza mwakuya, zomwe ziyenera kuyankha funso la zomwe zimayambitsa zochitika zoopsa komanso imfa ya asilikali. Koma mpaka lero palibe zochitika zoterezi zachitidwa. Chimodzi mwa zilembo za Chechen Choyamba ndi nkhondo ya April ku Yaryshmardy. Chinsinsi cha asilikali chasungidwa mosamala kuyambira nthawi yomwe anthu ochita zochitikazo adaletsedwa kuti afotokoze mwatsatanetsatane za zovuta zonse kwa onse, kuphatikizapo atolankhani. Lero zikumbukiro zawo zimasindikizidwa, koma alibe mayankho a funso lalikulu: chifukwa chiyani lamulo silili ndi udindo pa miyoyo ya asilikali ake?