Nestor Makhno: yonena, chidwi mfundo

Nestor Makhno, amene yonena akadali chidwi mbiri yakale - nthano ya Civil nkhondo. Munthu uyu analowa mu mbiri monga Makhno, momwemo iye walemba zikalata zofunika kwambiri. Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa mtsogoleri wa gulu anarchist, adzaphunzilanso pa nkhani imeneyi.

Nestor Makhno: yonena, banja

Kumvetsa zimene zinachitika ali anakonzeratu zochitika za nthano ya Civil nkhondo, ndi bwino powasamalira zaka zoyambirira za moyo wa mtsogoleri wa n'ngopandukira.

Mahno Nestor Ivanovich, kanthawi yonena zomwe zili m'nkhani ino, anabadwa mu mudzi dzina Gulyaypole, amene ankakhala m'chigawo Zaporizhia, ndipo mmbuyomu inali m'chigawo Ekaterinoslav.

Mtsogoleri tsogolo la zigawenga wamba anabadwa November 7, 1888 ku banja Ivana Rodionovicha m'busa ndi amayi Evdokia Matreevny. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, dzina lenileni la ngwazi povestovaniya athu - Mikhnenko.

makolo a mwanayo, kulera ana 5, komabe anatha kupereka maphunziro kwa ana awo. Nestor maphunziro ku sukulu parochial, ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kale zovunda kwa anthu a m'mudzimo, amene anali wabwino kwambiri. Patapita zaka zingapo, iye anagwira ntchito pa ntchito chitsulo foundry.

Yambani ulimi

Nestor Makhno, amene yonena anayamba kusintha kwambiri ndi chiyambi cha zisinthe, mu 1905, anakawagoneka gulu anarchist kuti mobwerezabwereza anasonyeza kuti muwonekere ziwawa zigawenga ndi ntchito zigawenga.

Mu umodzi wa kumenyana ndi apolisi anapha Nestor m'ndende dongosolo. Wopalamulayo chinagwidwa chifukwa chochita ngati mlandu kufika kuti aphedwe. Nestor anapulumutsidwa yekha kuti pa nthawi ya mayesero, iye anali akadali mnyamata zazing'ono. chiganizo imfa ndingokhala zaka 10 yakalavula gaga.

Wopalamulayo wamng'ono anali mu Butyrskaya.

Nthawi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosapindulitsa

Tikumbukenso kuti Nestor Makhno, amene yonena walandira wozungulira watsopano tangotaya nthawi m'ndende sanataye. DZIWANI anayamba kudzipatsa maphunziro. Izi anathandiza osati kucheza ndi akaidi Mwamunayu, komanso laibulale olemera pa malo ndende.

Pamene jekeseni ndende ndi wopalamulayo wamng'ono ankafuna kuika kwa akaidi kutumikira ziganizo pazifukwa zandale. N'ngopandukira aphatikizidwa bwalo la akaidi kenako zooneka mtima wake ndi masomphenya a tsogolo la dziko.

atamasulidwa,

The February utasintha cha 1917 chaka anathandiza Nestor kumasulidwa patsogolo ndandanda. Anauziridwa ndi Zomwe mungaphunzire, Makhno anatumizidwa ku dziko lakwawo, kumene iye mwamsanga anatsogolera Committee kuti Pulumutsani utasintha.

Malinga mamembala vocations m'Komiti ya, anthu wamba anali kwathunthu kunyalanyaza malamulo onse a Provisional boma. Iwo akhala kuyamba ndi lamulo pa nsoka wa dziko mwa Amaya.

Ngakhale masitepe pamwambapa, October kuukira boma, Makhno anatenga maganizo wosanganiza, chifukwa iye ankakhulupirira Bolshevik boma odana ndi m'mphawi.

Asilikali chiwonetsero: amene amalandira mphoto?

Pamene mu 1918 Ukraine anali kulamulidwa ndi Germany, mutu wa n'ngopandukira ankatsogolera asilikali yake wopanduka, amene nkhondo ndi Aroma omwe ankalamulira dzikolo German ndi ku boma Chiyukireniya, amene anali wotsogozedwa ndi Hetman Skoropadsky.

Kukhala gulu mtsogoleri wopanduka, Nestor Makhno, amene yonena wayamba kukula mu mfundo zatsopano ndiponso zosangalatsa, anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati alimi.

Atagwa Skoropadsky mphamvu, kuti m'malo ndi boma Petlyura anabwera Makhno kuganiza pangano latsopano ndi Red Army, amene anachita kuti amenyane Directory lapansi.

Kumamverera mtheradi mbuye Gulyaypole, Nestor Makhno zambiri zinthu anayambitsa kutsegula kwa zipatala, masitolo, masukulu, ndipo ngakhale zisudzo. Idyll linaphwanya anagwira Huliaipole Denikin ndi asilikali ake. The ngwazi za nkhani yathu kuyamba zigawenga nkhondo.

unathandiza asilikali Makhno anathandiza Red Army kupewa malowedwe a asilikali Denikin mu Moscow. Pamene yotsirizira anali kwathunthu inathetsedwa, ndi Bolsheviks anaitana khamu Makhno kunja lamulo. Iye kale zinathandiza kwambiri.

Iwo anafuna kugwiritsira ntchito mwayi wa General Wrangel. Iye anapereka Ataman n'ngopandukira mgwirizano, koma Makhno anakana. Pamene Red Army pofuna kugonjetsa Wrangel, anaona kufunika kuthandiza Makhno, ndi Bolsheviks kachiwiri adamuonetsa pangano. Nestor Makhno anavomera izo.

Mu Makhno, tiganizirane wina wa malamulo a Red Lamulo msampha anasiya kutsatira nthawi ya zochitika pamwamba pa nkhondo. Zinali chakuti Bolsheviks anayamba liquidating mayunitsi ake zigawenga.

Kuzemba Aiwo wake, mu 1921, Nestor Makhno, kanthawi mbiri yomwe kachiwiri zasintha ndi kagulu ka maganizo amodzi anawoloka Romania.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Makhno anathawira kunja ndi mkazi wake nkhondo Agafia Kuzmenko. Romanians, popanda kuganiza kawiri, anadutsa othawa kwawo kwa akuluakulu Polish, kenako n'kuwataya France.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Makhno anakhala wosauka, ntchito monga ogwira ntchito. Ndili Paris, Nestor opangidwa timabuku angapo malonda. banja lake anali wosasangalala kwambiri, ndi mkazi wake, iwo nthawi yaitali popanda.

Iye anafa mutu wa n'ngopandukira mu m'badwo wa 45 kuchokera TB. Iye anaikidwa pa Pere Lachaise manda.