Ndipo inu mukudziwa kulemera mmene nthiwatiwa?

Mosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, adzaupereka kwa banja la nthiwatiwa mtundu umodzi wokha wa flightless mbalame - African nthiwatiwa. Malinga Zoological gulu, emu, Rhea, cassowary ndi nthiwatiwa sali, ngakhale, ndipo ndi kufanana kwa iwo. Yesetsani kumvetsa mmene kusiyana pakati toyesa ovuta a zinyama, komanso kupeza mmene thupi la nthiwatiwa weniweni ndi anzake apamtima.

Chimphona ndi expanses wa otentha Africa

Nthiwatiwa moyo pa Afrika, anawagawa subspecies angapo. Kodi kusiyana ndi mtundu wa miyendo yawo ndi mchira. Mu kum'mawa kwa Africa kulamulidwa ndi wakuda mbalame ndi miyendo utoto ndi m'makosi. Mu mbalame, anatenga sanakonde m'madera kum'mwera kumadzulo ndi kumpoto kwa Africa, buluu miyendo ndi grayish-bulauni mtundu wa nthenga.

Chinthu chapadera cha nthiwatiwa oona anabala khosi, ndi amphamvu miyendo didactylism, centrifugal mphamvu zomwe kwambiri kotero kuti munthawi ya ngozi mbalame athanso kanthu chilombo monga mkango. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, kuganizira mmene kulemera nthiwatiwa - amuna waukulu angafikire yolemera makilogalamu 160 kapena kuposa ndi kuwonjezeka pafupifupi atatu mamita. Kukula anthu pafupifupi pang'ono zing'onozing'ono, koma chidwi: kutalika kwa 180-230 masentimita utali, ndi kulemera - kuchokera makilogalamu 120 mpaka 150.

Mu nthiwatiwa zam'tchire kusungidwa ng'ombe analipo khumi ndi mitu makumi asanu. mbalame izi, ngakhale sanathe kuuluka, koma liwiro akuthamanga iwo nkomwe aliyense akhoza kupikisana. Pa lathyathyathya mtunda wopanda mavuto nthiwatiwa angathe mpaka 90 Km / h pafupifupi - 50 km / h pa sitepe kutalika mamita atatu kapena anayi.

Features wa kuswana nthiwatiwa African

Akazi ndi mtundu wodzichepetsa ndi kukula ochepa (100 120 kg), zomwe ziri limafanana ndi mmene chaka kulemera nthiwatiwa. Mu nyengo mating zoweta unagwa mu zazing'ono "harems" la akazi 3-5 wotsogozedwa ndi mwamuna.

General zowalamulira wa 15-20 (kawirikawiri 30) mazira masana osankhidwa angapo mbalame akulondali mmodzi ndi mmodzi. kuswa amachita usiku yekha ndi mutu wa "harem". Anapiye zimaswa atapita masiku 35-45, atangomva chipolopolo pakatikati pa mutu wake. Chifukwa cha ichi, ali pa yotupa kumbuyo, absorbable pamene iwo akukula ana okulirapo. Misa ya strausenka kumene aswa ndi makilogalamu 0.9-1.2, kutalika - pafupifupi 25 masentimita mu sabata loyamba la moyo anapiye sadya kapena kumwa, kenako amayamba kukula tsiku lililonse kwa masentimita 1-2 mwamsanga anenepa. .

Poganizira mmene kulemera nthiwatiwa wamkulu, zikhoza kapadera kuti kuyambira pa kubadwa kwa mwana wankhuku akupeza mwezi wa makilogalamu 10-12, kuyambira zaka 1 chaka cha thupi lake kuposa ndi quintal. Koma kukhwima kugonana mbalame chimabwera ndi awiri, ndi zina zaka zinayi. Kodi chidwi, moyo amayembekezeka zimphona izi angafikire zaka 70-75, theka la zimene iwo Musataye luso lawo kubereka.

American South Rhea

Flightless mbalame a ku America South limaoneka lofanana kwa achibale African. Komabe, mtundu amatanthauza kuti nanduobraznyh, khosi lake yokutidwa ndi nthenga, ndi pa phazi lililonse lili ndi zala zitatu. Rhea kukula poyerekeza Nthiwatiwa ndi yaing'ono - mamita okha imodzi ndi theka. Kusasa mawu nthenga wothamanga akufanana nyamayi hiss, ndiye mkokomo waukulu akuopsa mkango, imene Phokoso likumveka 'Nan-Akuchita "chifukwa mbalame nalo dzina lake.

Maphunziro sanathe kudziwa mmene kulemera nthiwatiwa Rhea. Malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, kulemera pazipita makilogalamu 40 a thupi lake, pa zina - zosaposa 30. Sunthani okhala m'tchire South America m'malo mofulumira - 60 km / h. Iwo amadziwanso mmene kusambira bwino komanso kuteteza adani miyendo ndi zikhadabu zakuthwa pa mapiko ake. Akukhulupirira kuti Rhea anakhala pa dziko mu nthawi ya Paleocene, kuti ndi zaka miliyoni 66 zapitazo, choncho mtundu kwambiri wakale wa mbalame zonse zilipo.

emu Australia

Wokongola emu - mbadwa ya Green Africa. mbalame ndi achibale ake apamtima, sangathe kuuluka, koma modziwika athamanga, mofulumira 50 km / h. Mosiyana nthiwatiwa African, emu ali wochepa thupi, koma wolimba miyendo zokwanira. Lililonse mwendo zitatu zala clawed ndi mapadi zofewa pa mapazi.

Kulakwika mu dongosolo la nthambi anali mmodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu kuti emu nthiwatiwa African a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame. kukula Australia kokha pang'ono wolephera nthiwatiwa woona. toyesa okhwima kukwaniritsa makulidwe mamita 1.7-1.9.

Kodi katundu ndi emu, makamaka zimadalira zikhalidwe za moyo wake. Kuthengo, pamene mbalame akufika amayenda mtunda wautali kukafuna chakudya kuthawa kwa adani, kulemera ndi kawirikawiri kuposa 50-55 kg. Pamene kuswana pa minda, chifukwa kudya kwambiri ndi chisamaliro, ena toyesa kufika pafupi 70-75 zamitundu kg.

Kubalana emu mu chikhalidwe ndi ukapolo

Anthu amuna ndi akazi pafupifupi osiyana mtundu, msinkhu, thupi kapangidwe. Kuzindikira okha timbre cha phokoso opangidwa mu nyengo mating. Ngati mbalame flightless African, nkhawa zonse za ana tsogolo zimatengera pa mwamuna, popanda kusiya chisa masiku 55-60, kudya mame okha.

Kudziwa mmene kulemera emu wamkulu, si zovuta ndikuganiza kuti chosadzikonda bambo miyezi iwiri kwambiri zatha. Koma si kumuletsa kenako monga mosamala kusamalira anapiye, kuwachotsa kokayenda, kutetezedwa kwa adani.

Mu zikhalidwe yokumba kwa nthawi yomweyi cha kuika mazira chofungatira lapansi. Pambuyo tsiku chifukwa cha mdima wobiriwira mazira pa kuwala pamodzi limapezeka wamng'ono. Unyinji wa aliyense mwana wankhuku ndi amangoona magalamu 300-500. thupi Kamwana ali wokongola milozo mitundu, ndi pamutu pace kuoneka bwino bwino wakuda ndi woyera specks.

Kodi cassowaries

M'mbuyo monsemu, ndi emu zimachitika ratite a. Mu Mipingo ya atumwi wotsiriza, asayansi kuphunzira zinthu structural la nthiwatiwa African ndi mbalame ina ngati iyeyo, anazindikira kuti emu - ndi mtundu osadalira pa casuariiformes detachment. Membala wa wachiwiri wa banja ndi cassowary.

Pa mutu wa mbalame zazikulu kukhalamo New Guinea ndi madera kumpoto kum'mawa kwa Australia, pali mtundu wa outgrowth, chifukwa chimene iwo ankachitcha "shlemonosnymi". Mu kukula kwa ang'onoang'ono pang'ono kuposa emu, koma kuposa iwo mu thupi. Msinkhu cassowary mamita 1.5-1.8, ndipo amatha kulemera kwa makilogalamu 80.

Mbalame akuthamanga kudya, kusambira kwambiri ndipo amatha kupanga kudumpha kuti mamita asanu. Pachimake yaitali claw pa chala chapakati mapazi atatu toed nthenga kuti mwamatapo nkhonya wamba adani. Amakhulupirira kuti, motsutsana ndi emus wochezeka, cassowaries ndi chikhalidwe ankakangana ndi amakonda kukhala kutali osati ndi zinyama zina, komanso abale magazi awo.