Ndi dera zachilengedwe zimene

Mu zachilengedwe, pali mawu - biocenosis. Mwachidule, limatanthawuza kuti ndi kuchotsedwa anthu onse moyo, tikukhala mu dera, komanso dongosolo la ubwenzi wawo. Mokhudzana ndi coexistence yachibadwa zolengedwa osiyana mu biocenosis ndi amatipeza opangidwa ndi dongosolo m'malo ovuta ubale ndi dependencies, imene imagwiritsidwa m'dera achilengedwe. Choncho ndi chiyani icho? Natural m'madera - ndi ubale wa zinthu za moyo ndi chikhalidwe zopanda moyo mu malo ena m'mayiko ambirimbiri. Kusiyanitsa zachilengedwe mdera analengedwa ndi chirengedwe, ndi ammudzi amene anamanga munthu - yokumba.

Kuwonjezera kugwirizana mkati, monga ubale chakudya, aliyense m'dera zachilengedwe kumagwirizana ndi zinthu zenizeni mtunda ndi nyengo, anatsimikiza mtima zinthu zachilengedwe zopanda moyo. M'gawo sayansi ya chikhalidwe zopanda moyo, anagwirizana ndi yeniyeni m'dera zamoyo otchedwa biotope. Ngati malo achilengedwe zikhoza kuganiziridwa m'dera la lonse osiyana: nkhalango, steppe chipululu, kumtunda. Natural Community (kumunda, dambo, dziwe, etc.) ang'onoang'ono biotope Mulimonsemo, adzakhala gawo la dera zachilengedwe, ndiwe wa biotope zikuluzikulu.

Chakudya ubwenzi - ndi mtundu zoyambirira kumangidwa mu biocenosis. Chakudya ubale zimamangidwa otchedwa unyolo chakudya. Chitsanzo cha gulu la unyolo chakudya atha kutumikira ngati limeneli la chilombo wadya herbivore amene adya zomera. Zimagwidwa lidzaze ndi gulu zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri palibe wina kudya, monga gwero mphamvu kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko dzuwa mwachindunji ndi dzuwa. Childs, unyolo chakudya ndi ovuta kwambiri chifukwa, choyamba, ndi ogwirira zikuluzikulu umagwiritsa ang'onoang'ono, kotero mphaka mudzadya ndi zosangalatsa insectivorous mbalame yolusa kapena Pike. Kachiwiri, nyama zambiri ali ndi omnivores monga zimbalangondo. Chachitatu, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti unyolo chakudya kwakukulukulu anatseka kuyambira mitembo ndi zinyansi ali zobwezerezedwanso osankhidwa mwapadera kwa okhalapo - saprophagous, amene chogwidwa ndi bowa ndi mabakiteriya, kenako kudyedwa ndi zomera nthaka.

Koma ubale pakati pa zamoyo zokhala mu madera achilengedwe wamoyo, simungathe kuchepetsedwa kukayankha chakudya, iwo nthawi zambiri zosiyanasiyana. Imodzi mwa njira yopambana fanizo ili, zoona, nyama ndi tizilombo nawo mkombero wa kubalana mitundu yambirimbiri ya zomera. Tizilombo mungu kwambiri za zomera maluwa, ndi nyama zambiri kutenga mbali kufalitsa mbewu. Zitsanzo zina za tizilombo ngati symbiotic akhoza zimachitika kukhalako kwa microflora chapamimba nyama kapena anemone anakakhala pa khansa chipolopolo recluse. Nthawi zambiri, ndi kudalirana opindulitsa kwa onse, koma ngakhale mtundu uwu wa kudalirana parasitic pamene wina wa symbionts ndi kuvulazidwa, zidzakhala mbali yofunika ya dera achibadwa lonse.