Ndege Myasishcheva: Ntchito ndege

Dzina la lapadera Soviet ndege mlengi Vladimir Mikhailovich Myasishcheva ankagwira m'ma zaka zao za sikisite Mu zaka zapitazo. Inali nthawi imeneyi ndege wake woyamba kusonyezedwa kwa anthu.

VM Myasischev zapita magawo osiyanasiyana ndege. ntchito yake ntchito adayamba monga draftsman yosavuta kumaliza mkulu mlengi wake.

ndege Myasishcheva (zithunzi Tingaone m'nkhani ino) akufuna USSR.

Ichi chinali chifukwa cha kubwera zida za nyukiliya. Kuponya mabomba nyukiliya pa Japan, ndi United States ali kuuzidwa dziko za chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano nyukiliya amanena ukulu wake. Komabe, pambuyo maonekedwe zida za nyukiliya ku Soviet Union pamaso pa utsogoleri wa dziko amene ali ndi funso lofunika kwambiri zokhuza kuthekera mopereka mabomba a nyukiliya ndi gawo la mdani angathe. Kuthana ndi vutoli kunathandiza yapangidwa USSR ndege Myasishcheva.

Msonkhano woyamba ndi ndege

Myasischev Vladimir Mihaylovich anabadwa 28/09/1902, m'tawuni Efremov, yomwe ili m'chigawo cha Tula. Monga mwana, iye anali mwana wabwinobwino, musati amachita chidwi ndi njira ya. Mu zaka 11, Vladimir analembetsa pa m'deralo sukulu luso, kumene anaphunzitsidwa mwambowu ndi msana masamu.

Pa Civil Nkhondo Yefremov anasiya detachment wa oyendetsa nkhondo pa njira yawo kwa Kumwera Front. Vladimir, amene adaona kale kuti ndege yekha zithunzi magazini, tikhoza kulingalira "zitsulo mbalame" panokha ndipo ngakhale nawo mwayi apisanjike manja. Kenako chochitika Myasischev amafotokozedwa Maulendo Ake. Iye ananena kuti msonkhano ndi ndegeyo oterowo ndi maganizo kukoma iye kuti anakonzeratu tsoka lonse.

studentship

Московского Высшего Технического училища . Mu 1920, Vladimir Myasischev anabwera Moscow nalowa mawotchi mphamvu ya Moscow Apamwamba zaumisiri School. Iye ophatikizana maphunziro ake ndi ntchito draftsman pa Sci-woyendetsa Air Force airfield. Apa iye titayensa dzanja lake mu udindo wa wojambula. Experience panagona ndege, zopezera ntchito iyi, Vladimir zothandiza pa ntchito m'tsogolo.

Nkhani yolembedwa ntchito Myasishcheva anakhudza mutu wa onse zitsulo womenya. Zimenezi n'zimene iye anati mu ntchito yake mamangidwe sanachite konse. Masiku amenewo mu Soviet Union kuti anali mmodzi yekha onse zitsulo ndege nyerere-3, ndi brainchild wa A. N. Tupoleva. Izi zikugwirizana ndi zachilendo ndi kuvuta mutu osankhidwa Myasishchev. Komabe, ngakhale, dipuloma yake Vladimir kumbuyo bwinobwino.

Chiyambi cha ntchito

Nditamaliza maphunziro Myasischev membala wa ku Central Institute Aero-Hydrodynamic. bwana wake mwamsanga pa TsAGI anali Vladimir Petlyakov, mutu wa gawo phiko. принимал самое активное участие во многих работах. Apa Vladimir anatenga mbali mu ntchito zambiri. ТБ 1 и ТБ 3 , а также проектировал для этих самолетов бомбовые отсеки. Iye anayamba mapiko a zanyengo zoponya mabomba TB 1 ndi 3 TB, komanso lakonzedwa kuti izi ndege bomba Bay. Ndipo mu nthawi iyi Myasischev anatha kudzionetsa ngati mlengi luso kwambiri, kaphatikizidwe ntchito anatumizidwa ndi kafukufuku.

Kupereka latsopano

Young mlengi chidwi Ntchito ya Tupolev. ndege wotchuka anapereka akhama ndipo luso Myasishcheva kasamalidwe dipatimenti ya ndege experimental. , Владимир Михайлович получил задание спроектировать торпедоносец. Pokhala ichi, Vladimir anapatsidwa ntchito yoti kupanga oponya. Icho chinali choyamba ndege Myasishcheva. Oponya, amene anali ena mwa njira pachiyambi kamangidwe, wakhala bwinobwino kuyesedwa. Komabe, mu ntchito ya wina wa ndege ndege inaonongeka. Mu kukhalapo uyu wa oponya izo yatha.

zinachitikira sankakhala

века советские конструкторы не могли предложить стране надежные самолеты. Mu 30s kwa zaka za m'ma 20, okonza Soviet analephera kupereka dziko ndege wodalirika. самолет DC 3 в Америке. Ndiye boma Soviet anaganiza kugula patsogolo ndege zonyamula DC 3 America. kamangidwe kake angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira ziwiri - galimotolo ndi zoyendera. VM Myasischev analowa ntchito ndi ndege, kenako anapatsidwa kuphunzira zojambula ndege ndi kumasulira inchi kwa chinkafunika. Komabe, choncho simunabweretse mathero.

zaka m'ndende

тюрьмой. Mu 1938 Myasischev anamangidwa ndipo anaikidwa chatsekedwa Maofesi, m'ndende. этого места – ЦКБ 29 НКВД . Dzina lovomerezeka malowa - 29 CKB NKVD. Bureau Izi anamangidwa opanga ndege kuti ntchito pa chilengedwe cha ndege. Myasischev ntchito pano kuyang'aniridwa mwachindunji Petlyakova. Kumanga womenya - anapatsidwa ntchito patsogolo pawo.

Mu zikhalidwe yovuta m'ndende, wachiwiri ndege Myasishcheva analengedwa - ndi okwera losatha yoponya mabomba. ntchito chinaoneka ndi boma, lomwe walola Vladimir Mikhailovich walunjika Maofesi wake. Ndipo kale mu 1938, ndinaona kuwala kwa Polojekiti yatsopanoyi ntchito. Zinali ndege Myasishcheva - lakutali okwera yoponya mabomba DVB 102. Latsopano mu ndege anali ndi zinthu zingapo:

- pressurized kanyumba, imene oyendetsa amakhala mongoyembekezera 4;

- asanu mita mkulu bomba Bay;

- mfuti, amene kasamalidwe zikhoza kuchitika chosonyeza.

Mu 1940, 29 wa CDB NKVD Myasischev Anam'samutsira Omsk popanda ufulu kuchoka. mzinda anapitiriza ndege kapangidwe potengera anzawo 102. The makina oyamba chitsanzo ichi yamangidwa mwamsanga 1941, kusonyeza liwiro labwino ndi kutalika pa mayeso. Pasanathe ankayembekezera anali kokha osiyanasiyana yoponya mabomba ndege, chifukwa omwe ndi kupanga ake siriyo anali sadatsatire. Komabe, boma taonera ntchito mlengi mwa awarding iye State Prize.

Kamodzi pa ngozi ndege anapha VM Petlyakov, Myasischev anapitiriza choncho kwa chilengedwe cha munthu yoponya mabomba madzi. M'zaka nkhondo pa fakitale Kazan, kumene mlengi ntchito ndi iwo kawirikawiri amalenga KB, linatulutsidwa pa khumi zosintha la ndegeyo.

Nkhondo Itatha

Ngakhale kuti ntchito Myasischev awo kuberekana anali kupereka dongosolo la Suvorov ndi unachitikira Mulingo wa onse aakulu, Bureau wake unatha mu 1946. Vladimir Mikhailovich anayamba kugwira ntchito monga mphunzitsi ndi, kutsogolera ndege Dipatimenti ya Moscow Aviation Institute. курс «Конструкция и проектирование самолетов ». Apa anawerenga ana asukulu Maphunzirowa "Kumangidwa ndi mamangidwe a ndege."

Zaka ntchito Mai Myasischev wodzipereka kwa maphunziro a akatswiri achinyamata. Apa Iye anapitiriza kuchita ntchito yomanga ndege. mapulani ake anali kupanga losatha ndege njira yoponya mabomba. Chifukwa cha ntchito yake, iye anakopa ophunzira ndi kupereka nawo mfundo zofunika coursework ndi dissertations. The ntchito chifukwa anali wavomerezedwa ndi unduna wa Aviation Makampani. Myasishcheva anapereka kachiwiri kuti akhale mtsogoleri wa kukula zawo.

Kupanga zoponya mabomba njira

Latsopano myasishchev anayamba linakhalapo mu 1951, Vladimir Mikhailovich yomweyo anapezanso okonza onse amene ndinkagwira ntchito zaka zam'mbuyo. Kuzipeleka KB anapatsidwa ndege mbewu nambala 22. zokambirana kupanga anali Fili.

Myasishchev ndege anayamba ndi malingaliro wachibadidwe latsopano. Iwo kogwirizana ndi aerodynamics ndi kupanga ndege. Choncho, mu ndege awa amapereka "njinga" ankafika zida. Iwo anali zofunikira ziwiri pachithandara pa fuselage ndi awiri poyimitsa ang'onoang'ono malekezero a mapiko. Mu Pasanathe chaka Bureau pa chomera anatumizidwa za 55,000 zojambula.

Mayeso njira yoponya mabomba

Akuti lomwe ndi analandira mwa zonse pambuyo pa nkhondo ndege Myasishcheva, - "M". Munthu woyamba chinapangidwa mu 1952. Mu October, anatenga mayesero wake woyamba pansi pa ndege iwo. Zhukovsky. Chokha n'chimene drawback wa ndege, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu nthawi mbiri (mu miyezi 22), anali chidwi mafuta. Komabe, mfundo apa anali injini wake, limene lakonzedwa CB A. A. Mikulina.

Woyamba Soviet njira ndege yoponya mabomba woyamba anaulukira mu mlengalenga, ndi 20/01/1953, mosavuta anasiya msewu wonyamukira ndege ya. ndege awa anali a myasishchev M 4. oyendetsa amene anaulukira iwo, anaona chomasuka piloting ndi ndege - chomasuka ntchito.

Kuwonjezera lachitsanzo

Ngakhale ndemanga zabwino, VM Myasischev sikunalekere pamenepo. Iye anapitiriza kusintha M 4. miyezi iwiri yokha, akatswiri Bureau wake anayamba ndi kwa mbewu kwa zojambula zoposa zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri, asonkhane ndi masinthidwe atsopano a yoponya mabomba a. Zinali ndege Myasishcheva M 3 mayesero latsopano yoponya mabomba zinachitika m'chaka cha 1956 pa airfield mu Zhukovsky. Koma mu mlengalenga panali vuto ndi kasamalidwe, ndi kukanidwa imodzi injini. Komabe, mayeso woyendetsa M. L. wopalasa ngalawayo akhoza kutera ndege M3 Myasishcheva pa msewu wonyamukira ndege. Pansi, mavuto onse Mwachangu anapeza ndi inathetsedwa.

Pambuyo pake, ndege M3 Myasishcheva (onani pansipa chithunzi) anaperekedwa kupanga mndandanda. Izi ndege bwino aerodynamics ndipo anali yoponya mabomba waukulu mu USSR.

Ndege yomweyo M 4 asinthidwa mu kamangidwe ka ndege ndipo anali ndi refueling lonse zoyendera mtunda ndege.

Imodzi ndi ntchito pa kusinthidwa ndi kusintha kwa zoponya mabomba kale, ntchito zokhudzana ndi kakulidwe ka njira ndege. Zinali chitsanzo ndege 31 Myasishcheva, komanso 32 ndi 34.

Zosintha 31 ndi 31 anali yoponya mabomba ndi transonic ndege liwiro. Model 32 supersonic. M ndege 34 wogwidwa apamwamba makhalidwe ndege. zotheka pazipita ake liwiro kuthawa - makilomita 1350 paola.

maphunziro onse anagwira ntchito izi, anakhala maziko lapadera ntchito myasishchev kukhala supersonic chida "Buran 40".

zoyendera zonyamula

Imodzi ndi chilengedwe cha zoponya mabomba asilikali KB VM Myasishcheva chinkhoswe kukhala ndege mtendere. Mwatsoka, ili mwakwera ndege ntchito Maofesi sanalandire pofuna kukwaniritsa.

The ndege 50 M

Komanso boma Soviet analamula Vladimir Mikhailovich ntchito yatsopano. Zinali ndege Myasishcheva M 50, amene anakhala supersonic njira yoponya mabomba. Isanafike nthawi imeneyi kanthu za mtundu ngakhale ntchito mu ndege dziko.

Ndege M 50 anali ndi ufulu mkulu wa zokha za kasamalidwe, amene kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha oyendetsa awiri. Ndipo mu mpumulo wa yoponya mabomba a kunapezeka bwino. Yekha ofooka malo zinali injini. Pa nthawi imeneyo mu USSR, gawo ili lofunika la ndege analibe mphamvu zokwanira, zodalirika ndi moyo wautali. Komanso, injini onse opanga dziko anakhala mafuta kwambiri. Sindimakhoza kupeza malo abwino wagawo ndi ndege Myasischev, ndi ndege yake mamita 50 koma alephera kukwaniritsa supersonic liwiro. Ichi chinali chifukwa chachikulu kapangidwe zapamwamba wa Vladimir Mikhailovich kutsekedwa. Ndege M 50 lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zolinga experimental. Iye anakumana ndi mitundu yonse ya zaluso. Mugawo M 50 anavula pa perete asilikali Tushino. Chikadzangotha kuti kuthawa iye anaperekedwa kwa Monino Museum mzinda.

ntchito china chachikulu chinali myasishchev supersonic yoponya mabomba M 52. Komabe, monga mmene zinalili m'mbuyomu, m'ndegemu sanapezedwa koyenera kuti ntchito zake engine. Kumwamba ndi yoponya mabomba ndi chiyani kudzuka.

Buku woyendetsa chomera

Mu 1967, Vladimir Mikhailovich akhadikhira ntchito yatsopano. Iwo anavomereza malo Chief wa experimental mbewu makina zomanga za mphamvu kupanga ili m'tauni ya Zhukovsky. Pali akuthamanga CB yaing'ono imene Myasischev reassembles kapangidwe gulu. этого Владимир Михайлович взялся за разработку стратегического сверхзвукового многорежимного бомбардировщика. Pokhapokha kuti Vladimir ananyamula pakhale njira Mipikisano mode supersonic yoponya mabomba. Limodzi ndi CB ofanana ntchito zake zimagwiridwa ndi magulu a PO Sukhoi ndi A. N. Tupoleva.

Myasishchev akhala akufuna phiko dera wachibadidwe watsopano kukhala zikulilima variable. Poyamba, pali kunali kapangidwe yankho la ndege P. O. Suhova ndi zitsanzo American. Komabe, Mabaibulo m'mbuyomo anali aafupi kwambiri deflectable gawo la mapiko a. ntchitoyi komanso V. M. Myasischeva apamwamba kuposa ena onse. Izi njira kapangidwe ankagwiritsa ntchito A. N. Tupolevym. Pambuyo bwino kwambiri chinali cholinga Myasischev. самолета Владимира Михайловича . The Lachiwiri 160 kenako pafupifupi mwathunthu anamanga pamaziko a Vladimir Mikhailovich ndege.

BEMZ kutsogoleredwa ndi Myasishcheva analengera kenako anamanga ndege ya kuwononga balloons amene ali stratosphere lapansi. , способный развивать скорость до семисот километров в час , поднимаясь на высоту до двадцати двух тысяч метров. Zinali ndege M 17, amatha kuthamanga mpaka makilomita mazana asanu ndi awiri pa ora, kukwera ndi kutalika mamita twente-zikwi ziwiri.

Amathandiza kwambiri chitukuko cha ndege

Vladimir Mihaylovich Myasischev anapita chandamale yekha mayendedwe unbeaten. Munthu wolimba mtima kwabasi wa luso ndi mphatso luso moyang'ana m'tsogolo, anali ndi luso lalikulu gulu, kujambula njira zake zachilendo gulu lonse KB.

Yankho la funso zimene kuyeza zopereka mlengi mu mbiri ndege, ndipo mukhoza kupeza ataonera filimu "Myasischev, ndege angapo ndipo zamoyo zonse" (2010).

Aliyense ntchito ya Vladimir Mikhailovich anali yojambula weniweni m'tsogolo. Ndipo, ngakhale kuti ambiri ntchito mpaka mapeto anabweretsa ochepa okha, aliyense ndege Myasishcheva analowa mbiri ya ndege yathu.

Vladimir anafa 14/10/1978 pafupifupi mwezi kuchokera semidesyatishestiletiya wake. Anthu oposa theka zaka anapereka Myasischev ndege. Kwa zaka zambiri wakhala nakulitsa ophunzira ambiri woyenera. Ambiri a iwo, ndi lero akugwirabe ntchito ndege.

Creative ntchito ya Vladimir Mikhailovich ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwa okonza novice, koma ulaliki wake kuti utsogoleri atha kutumikira ngati chitsanzo kwa amene lero mitu ya kafukufuku mabungwe.