Ndani Wahhabi: photos, mbali, kusiyana kwa Asilamu enieni

Panopa makamaka pachimake mu dziko (makamaka Russia) anthu ndi mavuto kugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zinthu monyanyira achipembedzo, makamaka Chisilamu. M'maganizo anthu, monyanyira Chisilamu kwambiri kugwirizana ndi Wahhabism. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ena mwa Asilamu akuganiza otsatira lachipembedzo monga omenyana kwa kudziyeretsa Islam. ndi Wahhabi ndi ndani? Kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa iwo ndi Asilamu chiyani? mfundo zawo ndi chiyani? Zonsezi ukauzidwa m'nkhani ino.

Iwowa ndi ndani?

Choyamba timayang'ana pa amene ali Wahhabis. Iwo amaona kuti kuchita monga otsatira a Wahhabism - njira yapadera mu Islam. Iwo mpata kutanthauzira njira ya Koran ndi Hadith. Mawu akuti "Wahhabism" linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito otsutsa XVIII m'ma mlaliki Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahab. maganizo ake pa wamakono wa Islam mwayesedwa yosagwira ntchito. Iye ananena pafupifupi openga.
Panopa akuti "wahhabism" ali kutanthauzira ambiri. Choncho nthumwi za Chikhristu ndi okana Mulungu amaganizira ndi zigawenga Wahhabi. Anthu amene sali odziwa njira za Islam, angapeze Muslim zimenezi, ali ndi ndevu.

ndi Wahhabis mu Islam ndi ndani? Kwa otsatira miyambo Islam Wahhabi ndi munthu amene ali ndi kutanthauzira osiyana a chipembedzo. Choncho, kutanthauzira yamakono ya onse kwambiri ndi zikuphatikizapo Muslims onse amene amatsatira kutanthauzira njira ya Islam. Wahhabis otchedwa monga aziphunzitso weniweni ndi Sunni. Pofuna kumvetsa zimene Wahhabi amafuna kudziwa chiyambi cha gulu limeneli achipembedzo.

zikamera

Woyambitsa wa gulu limeneli achipembedzo ndi mlaliki Muhammad Abdel Wahhab, amene theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVIII anali mtsogoleri wa gulu kupanduka mu Arabiya kupandukira boma Ottoman. Monga maziko maganizo a mitundu kayendedwe kumasulidwa ntchito mawu kufunika kulimbirana kudziyeretsa Islam ku zaluso. Pa maziko a maganizo a Muhammad Abdul Wahhab anali kukana kwa mfumu ina Turkey monga wolamulira wamkulu wa Asilamu onse. Choncho, kuthandiza dziko yomenyele ufulu wadziko ntchito mawu achipembedzo monga zambiri choncho kutali. Pa chiyambi cha XIX atumwi kumasulidwa kuyenda mu Arabia anali kuletsedwa ndi asilikali a Turkey Sultan. Ena nthawi za Wahhabis sichinayambe anamva. A zaka zana ndi makumi asanu za mawu awo kachiwiri anakweza mtsogoleri wamng'ono Abdelaziz Al Saud, woyambitsa wa Ufumu wa Saudi Arabia. Ndi kutsegula ya m'dziko la minda Saudi Arabia mafuta ambiri kufalitsa Wahhabism padziko lonse Chisilamu panali chithandizo champhamvu ndalama.

Mbiri ya chitukuko

Wahhabism ngati azimuth maganizo mu Islam chimakhudzana ndi Saudi Arabia ndipo ntchito mwa mabwalo akulamulira zolinga mfundo yachilendo kubala ulamuliro mu dziko la chisilamu. Komabe, anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti anthu awa - osati Asilamu. Wahhabis kufunafuna kuyeretsa Islam koma njira ntchito izi, si mothandizidwa ndi Qur'an Woyera.

Chifukwa cha Arab Israel nkhondo 1973 panali kuwonjezeka mofulumira mitengo mafuta, zimene zinachititsa kuti kukula kwa chuma cha osankhika akulamulira Saudi Arabia. Jeddah analenga bungwe la Conference Chisilamu ndiponso wa Bank Chisilamu la Development, yemwe anakhala ndi chida champhamvu kwa kufala kwa chikoka Saudi m'mayiko Muslim.

Wahhabis mu US

Wahhabism anagwiritsanso ntchito United States monga m'munsi maganizo kutsutsa Union nkhondo ya Afghanistan mu 1979. Saudi Arabia, United States ndi Pakistan chinathandiza kufala kwa malingaliro ake kwa gulu la jehad kulimbana pamaso Soviet ku Afghanistan. A mbali zotsatira za mfundo imeneyi yakhala zikamera wa ophunzitsidwa bwino, anali ndi mphamvu maganizo zolinga za ndale komanso ambiri Chisilamu, amene, pambuyo pa nkhondo Afghanstan anasamukira kulimbana ndi US ndi ogwirizana ake. Iwo anali pa nthawi iyi, manja US analengedwa bungwe "Al Qaeda" motsogozedwa Osama bin akatundu, amene ntchito anayamba nthawi yaitali kwa United States vuto lalikulu.

Kulimbikitsa religooznogo otaya ndipo anathandizapo kufalitsa ntchito Saudi Arabia Mfumu Fahd mutu "woyang'anira wa awiri Woyera mizikiti" (Mecca ndi Medina). Potero Wahhabism chipembedzo cha boma cha Saudi Arabia kupereka mphamvu akachisi zikuluzikulu za Islam.

"Wahhabi" - osati mawu zauve, monga ambiri amaganizira. akuti aumbike chifukwa cha zochitika m'mbiri.

Zimene zikuchitika masiku ano?

Panopa Wahhabi Islam m'nkhani dziko pafupifupi kwathunthu kwa Asilamu. Malo ndi Saudi Arabia ndi Qatar. Komanso, maganizo munamutcha maziko maganizo a kayendedwe "Taliban" mu Afghanistan. Wahhabism kutenga kwambiri a ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira Chisilamu chabe pa mfundo okonzeka kupita ku nkhondo "Osakhulupirira". Choncho, kukuchititsa zimenezi maganizo kuyambira kumapeto kwa XX m'ma anamukwiyira mwamphamvu kugwirizana ndi uchigawenga Chisilamu. Ndani Wahhabi kwenikweni ndi mmene kumasiyana ndi miyambo Muslim?

Kusiyana Asilamu Wahhabi

Mbali yaikulu ya zimenezi ndi mmene kumasiyana ndi nthambi zina za Islam.

1. Otsatira a Wahhabism kwenikweni kumasulira Koran, osati kutenga nkhani vuto umoyo ndale ku Arabia pa nthawi ya Mtumiki Muhammad. Mulungu amaona ngati munthu, wokhala amatha momasuka, koma chikuoneka akhala chinsinsi, chifukwa iye sakonda aliyense ndi chilichonse. Kusiyana Asilamu Wahhabi kusonyeza chakuti woyamba ankhanza kwambiri chikhalidwe.
2. Monga maziko a chiphunzitso Wahhabis pokhapokha anazindikira zopereka za hadith ya Bukhari ndi Muslim, ndipo kwathunthu negate masukulu ena achipembedzo ndi malamulo. Komanso, iwo ankaona achikunja pempho mwachindunji kwa Allah ( "Tawassul"). Gululi osafunika kuyendera manda a akudzanja Mohammed ndi oyeramtima Muslim. Wahhabis adaphedwa malingana wawo, ndipo si oyenera okuti malinga ndi miyambo Muslim onse.
3. Wahhabis kukana kulambira akufa ndi nkhondo wosangalala monyanyira ndi manda a makolo (kuwaononga, akuletsedwa kupanga zizindikiro ndi kumanga zipilala). Iwo amasowa cholimbana ndi kulimbana kupanikizidwa ndi kale m'mbiri ya anthu, amafuna kuwononga tiakachisi ndi zipilala chikhalidwe. Choncho iwo amakana adzadziwire dziko, amayesetsa kuti akonze watsopano wa anthu a mbiriyakale ya Asilamu. maganizo awo andale ndi achipembedzo osiyanasiyana radicalism kwambiri. Kukana anthu onse osati potenga maganizo awo ndi chikhalidwe chawo ndi kaonedwe - mbali yaikulu ya Wahhabi.
4. Komanso, otsatira gulu limeneli amakhala ndi kukanidwa kwambiri a si aslam ai amene amaloledwa kupha ndi nkhondo (jehad) ndi iwo. Wahhabis, kupha anthu a zikhulupiriro zina - chodabwitsa chimene chimachitika nthawi zambiri m'mayiko Muslim. The nkhondo "Osakhulupirira" ndi chinthu chopatulika chilichonse Muslim. Pa nthawi yomweyo negated mayiko ena. Asilamu onse amene anali kutumikira boma, asilikali ndi apolisi boma la maiko omwe si m'mayiko Islam chimatengedwa ngati nduna chipembedzo anazindikira ampatuko. anthu kwambiri chiwawa Wahhabis. Photos sangathe kupereka maganizo amene amakhala mu mitima yawo.
5. Wahhabis sikukuyamikiridwa ndi malamulo boma, zosankha za m'makhoti, kuwonjezera Shariah. Komanso Wahhabis kukana mafunde ena Islam (Sunni ndi Shia). ntchito zigawenga dzina zinthu Islam (kuphatikizapo wodzipereka) imatengedwa wolungamitsidwa ndi kulimbikitsa. Pankhaniyi, otsatira a Wahhabism amati kulibe, chifukwa chipembedzo chawo ndi zoona kwa iwo okha.
6. ndi Wahhabi ndi zimene cholinga cha mfundo wake ndi ndani? Cholinga cha anthu amenewa ndi chilengedwe umodzi boma Chisilamu (caliphate), ogwira ntchito pa maziko a malamulo Sharia. Iwo anamvetsetsa mu nkhani iyi kuti caliphate zidzaima pa maziko a udindo waukulu wa Saudi Arabia ndi Qatar, amene akulamulira osankhika amatenga malo yapadera. Wahhabi mbalume zambiri kusintha malingana ndi zolinga za ndale ideologues lalikulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo amakhalabe zikutsatiridwa chonse lathu nkhondo ndi kukana kukambirana ndi zipembedzo zina.
7. Kodi kuona Wahhabi ku chigawenga? Chifukwa commonality wa Wahhabism ndi mfundo akuba, maganizo mosavuta adazindikira mwa mamembala a magulu osiyanasiyana chigawenga. Mbali yaikulu ndi radicalism kwambiri poyerekezera osati kwa anthu otsata zipembedzo zina, koma kwa Asilamu - otsatira a zizolowezi zina mu Islam. Iwo ayenera kumenya kulimbana wosadzayanjanika kumaliza kuonongeka kwawo. Wahhabis musati azisonyeza kuti mbali ya mtundu umene iwo ali. Mayiko adamtsutsa. Chinthu chachikulu - kutsatira malamulo ndi miyambo ya Islam mu nzeru zawo.

Wahhabism ku Russia

Pa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia, Wahhabism yafalikira makamaka North Caucasus (Dagestan, dera Karachaevo-Cherkessia). Chifukwa cha ichi ndi kukhalapo mu zigawo izi, ambiri umoyo ndi zachuma mavuto (ulova, umphawi, katangale m'boma ndiponso yazamalamulo mabungwe). Dagestan Wahhabis - awa ndi anthu amene sanali kupeza thandizo kuthetsa mavuto awo kapena adadzikweza kusalidwa ndi akuluakulu ndi akuluakulu yazamalamulo ndi chifukwa anagwa mchikakamizo cha ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira Chisilamu. Kufalitsa malingaliro Wahhabi kumathandiza kuti ntchito za nthumwi kuchokera kunja (makamaka ku Saudi Arabia, Jordan ndi Pakistan), cholinga cha ndilo kusalandira North Caucasus ku Russia ndi chilengedwe cha caliphate a. ntchito zawo mabodza mu mochedwa 90 ntchentche wa XX m'ma chinathandiza kufooka kwa boma ndi awiri Chechen nkhondo. Kufala kwa kayendedwe kwakukulu Islam amalimbikitsa umbuli achipembedzo cha anthu, makamaka achinyamata, madandaulo mbiri (kukumbukira nkhondo Caucasus, kuwasamutsa).

The zifukwa kufooka chikoka Wahhabism

Mpaka posachedwapa, boma sanathe kutsutsa kufala kwa malingaliro monyanyira mwaluso anamanga mfundo za boma. Panopa, ndi kulimbitsa ulamuliro boma, yankho mwapang'onopang'ono mavuto umoyo ndi zachuma, polimbana ndi ziphuphu a boma kuchepetsa ntchito ya omwe si a boma mabungwe osiyanasiyana padziko lonse sanali phindu chikoka cha Wahhabis m'dera North Caucasus kugwa.

zizindikiro zakunja

1. Maonekedwe khalidwe anatsindika Wahhabis. Photo limasonyeza lingaliro zofunika za maonekedwe awo - ndevu. Iye, monga otsatira a Wahhabism bokosi kuvomerezedwa amuna. Komabe, kuti chinthu analola yokonza yochepa kapena kumeta ndevu zake. Pofuna kukhala m'munda wa yazamalamulo, ndi Wahhabis ndi kudzionetsera ndi sasiya unyinji waukulu wa Asilamu. upandu wawo nthawi zambiri zobisika. Njira ncholinga akulembedwa anapangidwa pambuyo mosamala ofuna. Panopa pakati anasamukira khama kugwira ntchito ndi achinyamata Muslim. Iwo amagwiritsa kusaphunzira chosakhwima, ndi propensity kwa anthu maximalist wamng'ono.
2. Komanso, mbali kunja, sipangakhalenso wolemekezeka Wahhabis ali adzafupikitsidwa atavala thalauza (pamwamba bondo la), mutu anameta anameta. Iwo akhoza kuvala zovala dziko anavomera m'mayiko Arab.
3. Palinso kusiyana mchitidwe miyambo ya chipembedzo. Wahhabis, pokhala mzikiti, musati kuvala mutu wake skullcap ndipo musati ntchito kolona, amene amasiyanitsa iwo kwa okhulupirira wamba.
4. Wahhabis nsanje kuonera, kotero kuti akazi awo kuphimba nkhope, kusiya lotseguka yekha maso. Otsatira a kwakukulu Islam kulankhula za zinthu zabwino za ndondomeko ndi dongosolo la ndale la Saudi Arabia ndi madera posachedwapa zigawenga (LIH), kuletsa m'dera la Chitaganya cha Russia. upandu wawo mabuku amachita deta si linanena bungwe kapena lofalitsidwa pansi pa mothandizidwa zotsatirazi yosindikiza nyumba: "Badr", "Umma", "Tauba", "Fazhrul-Islamiyya (Fajr)", "Ibrahim bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Ibrahim", "Santlada ".

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi Wahhabis zambiri amadzitcha okha Salafis.

Pomaliza

Wahhabism monga gulu lachipembedzo mkati Islam anayamba kupanga m'zaka XVI ndipo anagwirizana ndi zotsutsana zovuta mkati ndale komanso mu Arabia, makamaka polimbana ndi ulamuliro wa Ottoman. Poyamba zinali za makhalidwe dziko ufulu, kenako, mchikakamizo cha malingaliro a ulamuliro mu dziko la chisilamu, anaonekera mwa osankhika akulamulira Saudi Arabia, komanso mchikakamizo cha mphamvu Link (USA) anatenga kwakukulu Wahhabism. Iwo amakhala ndi kukana njira zonse za Islam, mosiyana ndi mfundo zake maganizo, komanso kunena polimbana "Osakhulupirira" monga ntchito yopatulika ya ense mu Muslim. Movement mu maonekedwe ake masiku ano ngozi mtheradi dongosolo boma la Russia, monga likuoneka kukhulupirika kwa dziko (kukana wa North Caucasus ndi zina ndi anthu ambiri Muslim).

Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti Wahhabism si achipembedzo kayendedwe khalidwe la Russian Asilamu, ndipo anabweretsedwa kuchokera kunja ndipo ndi kuyesa wa asilikali kunja kwa destabilize mmene nkhani zandale m'dziko. Kulimbana radicalism kuyenera kuphatikizapo kuwonongedwa kwa zimayambitsa zimathandiza kuti kukana ulamuliro pa gawo la anthu a ntchito waukulu maphunziro, makamaka pakati pa achinyamata amene ali kwambiri atengeke zotsatira za malamulo mlendo a mwambo Islam mabodza achipembedzo. Komanso, kumabungwe oyenera okhudza za pagulu ayenera kuwunika ntchito za mitundu yonse ya mabungwe omwe si a boma ndalama kuchokera kunja, ochita zokopa alendo ndi miyambo ya makhalidwe Russian.