"Mwadzidzidzi Maganizo": mawunikidwe pa duality wa Gorky Russian moyo

Mapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20 - kunasintha mbiri ndi malingaliro. Tinazindikira kuti lonse yaitali imene inatenga zaka 75 zapitazi, anali ndi tanthauzo lake. Ndipo tanthauzo la izi sanathe bwino anafotokoza theoreticians lamadyerero. Ndithu kusonyeza chipwirikiti, wosakhazikika m'mlengalenga m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri akhoza "petrel" nthawi limakhulupirira Gorky mu zolemba yake yakuti "Maganizo mwadzidzidzi".

Zojambula si kanthu wotchedwa chikalata moyo wa zisinthe. Mu bukhu, popanda intermediaries, ndi kuonanso maganizo ofanana ndi mlembi mwachibale kwa October kuukira boma, prerequisites ake ndi zotsatira za kubwera kwa latsopano Bolshevik boma. "Malingaliro mwadzidzidzi" ankaletsedwanso mankhwala mpaka kukonzanso lapansi. Nkhani yoyamba anafalitsa "New Life", umene unali pamenepo pansi pa amati ndi khalidwe chitsutso kusindikiza kwambiri Anatseka.

Wake "Malingaliro mwadzidzidzi" Zowawa zogwirizana ndi zisinthe, monga chimake cha zonse zimene timayembekezera mkulu wa anthu. Iye anaona kuti nyengo yachisanu ikupita chitsitsimutso cha uzimu, chifukwa cha kubwerera nzeru kuleza chotaika cha dziko, komanso kuchita imene anthu adzatha, potsiriza, kutenga nawo mbali pa awo mu mbiri zawo.

Kotero izo zinali mu mndandanda woyamba wa nkhani (mwa 58). Koma Gorky anazindikira pambuyo chiyambi cha zochitika October, kuti ulimi si njira zomwe iye anali kuganizira. Iye amatanthauza proletariat wopambana, ndi funso la ngati kusintha adzabweretsa chigonjetso mu "molapitsa moyo Russian", ngati kuwala kuwala mu mdima zofunika pamoyo anthu. M'mawu ena, pali kale zolinga zimene wolemba mokweza amatchedwa kuti zinthu zisinthe, ayamba kuti zimatsutsana ndi zenizeni za masiku likuzungulira, palibe aliyense amene akanaoneratu, ngakhale limakhulupirira Gorky.

"Malingaliro mwadzidzidzi" momveka kwambiri kufotokoza expressionism a wolemba, makhalidwe awo stylistic ufulu kuitana zolemba imodzi mwa ntchito zabwino. Pali mafunso ambiri losafuna, momveka mfundo zikuluzikulu, maganizo apilo. lingaliro Final ambiri a nkhani amakhala kusagwirizana lofunika ndi maganizo a Gorky Bolshevik mawu. Chifukwa chachikulu ichi - zosiyana maganizo kwa anthu ndi mtima mwapadera. zolemba owawa pa yomweyo passivity ndi nkhanza za anthu, ndi kugunda mu manja ake mphamvu zopanda malire. Ndi wolemba zaka zambiri osauka, mu panalibe kuwala, ngakhale kulemekeza munthu, kapena kufanana kapena ufulu.

zisinthe Komabe analozera wathu "Malingaliro mwadzidzidzi", akadali zofunika. Chinthu china - kuphatikiza maganizo ake chimamasula za chisembwere wamagazi kuti nthaŵi ayende coups onse. Pano, "Malingaliro" kugwira chokuchitikirani chidwi dziko kudzikonda mlandu. Gorky anatisonyeza akamanena za umunthu wapawiri wa anthu Russian. Munthu uyu sangathe mawonetseredwe tsiku ambiri amavomereza mfundo za makhalidwe abwino, koma, koma sangathe kuchita chintchito, ndipo ngakhale wodzipereka.

Motero, chifukwa cha kulephera inkachitika, malinga Gorky, osati zimene amaona ambiri. Osati "idlers" kapena counterrevolutionaries wolakwa tsoka - ndipo mwachizolowezi Russian kupusa, kupanda chikhalidwe ndi kudziwa kusintha wotchuka. Malinga ndi wolemba, anthu adakali ndi yaitali ntchito mwakhama ayenera kupambana kuzindikira kudzikonda, mwayeretsa ku ukapolo, utakula mu izo, kuyatsa moto wa chikhalidwe.