Makhalidwe otayirira Kodi ndi chiyani pamalo ake mabuku lero?

Kulera funso kodi otayirira, ayenera ayambe kuphunzira mbiri ya zikamera wa tanthauzo. Ndipo lingaliro ili anabadwa mu France, ndi kumasulira mawu ake "kuchepa" ndi "kuwonongeka". Kukumba zakuya, tikhoza kupeza muzu wa mawu akuti Latin cha kugwa. Kotero kuti makhalidwe otayirira? Ndi kumene iwo umagwera ndi linawola? Ndipo ambiri, poyerekezera ndi munthu kapena zinthu zosiyana ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito?

Iwo likukhalira kuti makhalidwe - ndi masiku luso. Nthawi zina mawu imatchedwa khalidwe la munthu, amene ali ndi maganizo zizigwirizana makhalidwe otayirira. Panali malowa kumayambiriro pakati pa 19 ndi zaka 20, pamene mavuto mbiri ya moyo chikhalidwe chinachititsa anthu kulenga kupendanso maudindo awo kulenga. Mu nthawi imeneyi zodabwitsa mavuto chikhalidwe aipa maganizo anayamba kuyendayenda pakati pa anthu, moyo wa kukanidwa ambiri, makhalidwe a anthu azikhala ndi mphamvu ya kutaya mtima ndi kugwetsedwa mphwayi. Art monga anapeza kubwereketsa mu kukana anthu andale ndi boma, kuganiza kuti udindo uwu - woona yekha, kupereka weniweni kulenga ufulu. Choncho, funso kuti otayirira, ndipo sitingakwanitse, ndipo yankho: kuchoka ku zoona, kukana chinyezimiro ndondomeko ndi nzika ntchito zake.

Kotero, ndiye, kuimira makhalidwe oipa? nkhani Favorite mbali iyi luso - imfa ndi chisokonezeko, kufuna mfundo ndiponso wauzimu, maloto a tsogolo labwino ndi zenizeni. Zotsatira zachitika zosiyanasiyana za luso. Sizinapezekebe sanaphedwe ndipo mabuku. makhalidwe otayirira mabuku ndi chiyani?

otsutsa ambiri, kuganizira azimuth, gwiritsani ntchito mawu monga "Wachiwiri-romanticism", "Masiku" ndi "ikuimira". Koma Dziwani kuti onse angathe kuwaunikira otayirira, nthawi mbali chabe ya gulu wonse. Akukhulupirira kuti makhalidwe mabuku amabwerera za m'ma 18, dzina tate wa Montesquieu ndi nthawi yapafupi ndi continuer - wolemba ndi wotsutsa French Desiree Nizarda.

Komabe, ofufuza ambiri sanasangalale mabuku a mtundu uwu, ndipo pafupifupi mawu "makhalidwe otayirira 'kutinyoza, baiting Viktora Gyugo ndi Romanticism ambiri. Komabe, nthawi zasonyeza kuti ntchito Hugo ntawiri tiganizire malangizo a Edgar Allan Poe, komabe nsangala kuwerenga anthu amakono. Sanaiwale ife ndi Sharl Bodler ndi Teofil Gote, amene anapanga mawu mawu wolakwayo ntchito monga chizindikiro cha ulemu.

Anaganizira za makhalidwe otayirira wa negation "banal patsogolo." Pakati pa Russian aipa "Achikulire" (1880 -. 1890 gg) Kodi odziwika olemba ndakatulo ndi monga Dobrolyubov, F. Sologub, Konstantin Balmont, I. Konevskaya, Zinaida Gippius, D. Merezhkovsky ndi "oyambirira" Bruce. Zamakono Russia ankatsogoleranso predsimvolist M. Minsky, wolemba Ln Andreev, I. F. Annensky.

Kenako makhalidwe otayirira malingaliro anaika maziko a zizolowezi zina zambiri chi mabuku. Iwo zikugwirizananso ndi Blok ndi Anna Akhmatova, mu Bryusov ndi Kandinsky, kuchokera Igor Stravinsky ndi ena ambiri, tsopano amati tingachipeze powerenga mabuku Russian.

Mu nthawi yathu chikuyambira pa wozungulira latsopano pachuma. Mu February chaka chatha a m'mbuyomu Zakachikwi Maroussia Klimova (wolemba) ndi Timur Novikov (chithunzicho) anatha makhalidwe otayirira chikondwerero wotchedwa "The Mdima Night". Ndipo chinali chiyambi chabe. Mu 1005 ndi Club pa Brest mu Moscow kachiwiri zapita chikondwerero motsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri wa "Boston Tiyi Party" mtolankhani Vladimir Preobrazhensky. Today zolembalemba makhalidwe otayirira wosiyana aboma, kuchokera Gothic ndi Retro-Intaneti, pafupifupi Internet kumufotokozera omvera ake. "Courtly makhalidwe otayirira" Masiku ano posachedwapa kufika kutchuka kwa makhalidwe otayirira mu nthawi ya chitukuko lake lalikulu - mu mochedwa 18 ndi m'ma 19.