Kodi magulu ambiri magazi kulibe? Kodi zikutanthauza gulu magazi ngakhale mbali

The wamkulu thupi mosalekeza amazungulira za 5 malita a magazi. Kuchokera pansi pa mtima zimafalikira thupi zokwanira nthambi mtima ukonde. Mtima ayenera za miniti, kapena 70 zikwapu kuvina mwazi wonse, umene amapereka ziwalo zonse za thupi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri.

Kodi mitsempha ya magazi?

Iwo akukamba mpweya ndi kupanga kuwala opangidwa mu zakudya m'mimba thirakiti, teroni. Magazi komanso Amakweza kwa mahomoni kopita ndipo kumapangitsa munthu achire ku mankhwala thupi kuwonongeka. kuwala limayenda ndi mpweya, ndi mpweya lotulukira therefrom mu mlengalenga, pamene munthu exhales. Iwo Amakweza zinyalala ma mu ziwalo excretion. Kuwonjezera kusamalira magazi m'thupi kwakhala uniformly ofunda. Ngati munthu ali ndi mapazi ozizira kapena manja, kutanthauza kuti ali osakwanira magazi okwanira.

Erythrocytes ndi leukocytes

Awa ndi maselo ndi makhalidwe awo wapadera ndi "ntchito". maselo ofiira (erythrocytes) anapanga mu m'mafupa ndipo zonse zatsopano. 1 mamilimita ³ magazi 5 miliyoni maselo ofiira. ntchito yawo - kupulumutsa mpweya maselo zosiyana za thupi. maselo oyera - leukocytes (6-8 zikwi pa 1 mamilimita ^3). Iwo ziletsa toyambitsa kuti atagonjetsa mu thupi. Pamene maselo oyera okha ndi matenda a thupi limataya ntchito yake choteteza munthu akhoza kufa chifukwa ngakhale matenda monga fuluwenza, amene m'dongosolo yachibadwa kuteteza msanga kupirira. Maselo oyera a wodwala AIDS ndi matenda HIV - thupi silingaone kupewa matenda palokha. Mukachipinda, magazi maselo oyera kapena maselo ofiira magazi - dongosolo amoyo, ndi ntchito zake amasonyeza njira zonse zikuchitika mu thupi.

Mukutanthauza chiyani magazi?

Magazi zikuchokera losiyana mwa anthu, monga maonekedwe a tsitsi ndi khungu. Kodi magulu ambiri magazi kulibe? Pali zinthu zinayi: O (I), A (II), Mu (III) ndi AB (IV). Ndipotu, kumene gulu magazi awa kapena kuti zimakhudza zonsezo zili maselo ofiira ndi madzi a m'magazi.

Mapuloteni antigens mu erythrocytes akuitanidwira agglutinogens. Madzi a m'magazi mapuloteni otchedwa agglutinins. Agglyutinogeny pali mitundu iwiri: A ndi B, agglutinins, inunso anagawa - ndi.

Ndicho chimene chimachitika. Tengani anthu 4 Mwachitsanzo, Andrew, Alla, Alexey ndi Olga. Andrei gulu magazi A ndi agglutinogen A ku maselo plasma agglutinins. Alla - Gulu B: The agglutinogens ndi agglutinins bwino. Alexei Gulu AB: zimaonetsa magulu magazi 4 kuti alipo mu izo agglutinogens A ndi B, koma alibiretu agglutinins. Olga ali ndi gulu la za - izo siziri kutero agglutinogens pano, koma madzi ndi agglutinins ndi b. Aliyense chamoyo khalidwe ndi agglutinogens ena onse mlendo wankhanza.

ngakhale

Ngati kutsanulira Andrew ndi gulu A gulu magazi B, agglutinins izo sadzavomereza chinthu yachilendo. Maselo amenewa sanayende momasuka m'thupi. Kotero, sangathe kupulumutsa mpweya ziwalo monga ubongo, ndipo iwo ali moyo pachiswe. Chinthu chomwecho chimachitika pamene inu kuphatikiza magulu A ndi B. Zinthu Mu kubweza mankhwala A, ndi G (I) gulu si abwino onse A ndi B. Pofuna kupewa zolakwika pamaso odwala kuika kale anayesedwa kwa gulu magazi. Anthu ndi gulu magazi Ine, ankaona othandizira ndalama bwino - ikugwirizanirana aliyense. Kodi magulu ambiri magazi apo - onsewo ndi zabwino za magazi gulu O, izo lilibe maselo ofiira magazi agglutinogens, kuti sakanakhoza "ngati" ena. anthu amenewa (monga mlandu wathu, Olga) ndi othandizira ndalama konsekonse. Gulu AB uli ndi A- ndi B-mapuloteni, akhoza chokhudzana ndi ena. Choncho wodwala ndi 4 gulu magazi (AB), ndi kufunika kuika akhoza bwinobwino kulandira ina. Ndicho chifukwa anthu ngati Alex, amatchedwa "ogula konsekonse."

Mu nthawi yathu kuyesera kumuika munthu wodwala ndi ntchito gulu magazi, amene ali pano mu mtima ndi kokha vuto la mwadzidzidzi, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe choyamba. Mulimonsemo, choyamba tiyenera kuonanso ngakhale awo, osati kuvulaza mtima.

RH Chinthu ndi chiyani?

Red corpuscles anthu ena ali ndi puloteni lotchedwa RH chinthu, kotero ali ndi HIV RH china. Anthu amene alibe mapuloteni amenewa, iwo amati ndi zoipa RH chinthu, ndipo iwo saloledwa kuthira yekha enieni magazi chomwecho. Apo ayi kachitidwe kawo m'thupi adzataya atatha kuika poyamba.

Nkofunika kudziwa RH chinthu mimba. Ngati mayi ndi zoipa Gulu lachiwiri, pamene bambo zabwino, mwana ndilandire bambo RH china. Pankhaniyi, chitetezo ndi kudziunjikira, tingayambe kuwonongedwa kwa maselo a magazi magazi akuchikazi. Gulu lachiwiri la HIV yoopsa RH-nkhondo amalenga oopsa kwa moyo ndi thanzi la mwanayo.

Majini kufala gulu

Mofananamo, ngati mthunzi wa tsitsi, magazi, anthu adzalandira makolo awo. Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti mwanayo ndi kapangidwe yomweyo monga kapena kholo. Nthawi zina funso limeneli chifukwa cha kusadziwa wobwezera chifukwa cha mikangano banja. Ndipotu cholowa magazi umamumvera malamulo ena a chibadwa. Pofuna kumvetsa ndi mochuluka bwanji magulu magazi kukhalapo mu mapangidwe moyo watsopano, kodi patebulo pansipa.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati magazi a magulu 4, ndipo bambo wake woyamba mu mayi, mwana alibe magazi omwewo monga mayi. Malinga ndi gome, zikhoza kukhala wachiwiri, ndi gulu lachitatu.

mwana cholowa cha magulu magazi:

Rhesus chinthu amadziwikanso tinatengera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati onsewo kapena mmodzi wa makolo ali ndi wachiwiri zabwino gulu, mwana akhoza kubadwa ndi rhesus zabwino ndi zoipa. Ngati kholo lililonse lili Rhesus zoipa, kenako amayamba malamulo cha chibadwa. Mwana akhoza kukhala woyamba kapena wachiwiri zoipa gulu.

Kudalira chiyambi anthu

Kodi magulu ambiri magazi kulibe, nanga ubale wawo mwa anthu osiyanasiyana, malingana ndi malo awo a chiyambi. Pali anthu ambiri mayeso kudziwa gulu magazi anapereka mwayi ofufuza kuona mmene zosiyanasiyana pafupipafupi mosiyanasiyana malingana ndi malo m'mayiko ambiri. Okhudza za boma la Europeoids ali 41% gulu magazi A, poyerekeza 27% a ku America African. Pafupifupi amwenye onse Peru ndi gulu Ine, ndi ku Central Asia, ambiri ndi gulu III. N'chifukwa chiyani pali kusiyana - si kwathunthu anamvetsa.

Ndinakumana ndi matenda ena

Koma asayansi aona mabwenzi ena chidwi pakati pa maselo magazi ndi matenda ena. Eni a gulu magazi Ine Mwachitsanzo, pachiopsezo cha matenda chilonda. Ndipo anthu ndi gulu lachiwiri ndi chiopsezo cha khansa ya mmimba. Chachilendo kwambiri, koma zonsezo zimene zimachititsa magazi, ofanana kwambiri mapuloteni anapeza padziko ena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo tina. Ngati munthu ali ndi mapuloteni HIV padziko, monga wake, chitetezo cha m'thupi akhoza kuzindikira iwo awo ndi kuwalola zikupitiriza Kupanda kusamala.

Mwachitsanzo, zimaonekera mapuloteni tizilombo kuchititsa utagwa mliri, zofanana kwambiri ndi mapuloteni Ine gulu magazi. Akatswiri Scientific akuganiza kuti anthu awa akhoza kukhala makamaka atengeke matenda izi. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti matenda anachokera ku Southeast Asia ndi yafalikira kumadzulo. Kufika Europe, izo Wawononga kotala ya anthu ake m'zaka XIV: ngati matenda otchedwa "wakuda imfa." Ku Central Asia ali nambala kunsi kwa anthu ndi gulu Ine magazi. Choncho, gulu limeneli anali "kusowa" m'madera mliri makamaka ponseponse, ndi anthu ndi magulu ena ndi mwayi waukulu kupulumuka. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti pali ubale wa matenda a magazi. Kuphunzira Baibulo penepi kudzatithandiza kumvetsa chiyambi cha matenda ndi kuwulula zinsinsi za moyo wa anthu.