Kodi thrombosis ndi chiyani? Zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, matenda, matenda, kupewa

Anthu ambiri amasangalala ndi funso la thrombosis. Izi ndi matenda opatsirana, omwe mwa njira imodzi amagwirizanirana ndi kuphwanya magazi coagulability, kuphwanya magazi. Thrombus ndi yayikulu yamagazi a magazi omwe amaletsa lumen ya chotengera. Mwachibadwa, matendawa angayambitse mavuto ambiri, mpaka imfa ya wodwalayo. Nanga nchiyani chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa? Ndizizindikiro ziti zomwe ndiyenera kuziganizira?

Kodi thrombosis ndi chiyani?

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti anthu ambiri amakumana ndi matendawa monga thrombosis. Thrombus ndi mwazi wamagazi, momwe mapangidwe ake aliri masoka. Izi ndizimene thupi limapangidwira, zomwe zimathandiza kuimitsa magazi pamene ziwiya zowonongeka.

Komabe, nthawizina mapangidwe a thrombi sagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwa makoma amphamvu. Zikatero, ndizovuta. Ndipotu, zotchinga sizichotsa "kutayika" m'mitsempha ndi mitsempha, koma zimangoyendayenda m'mitsuko. Patapita nthawi, thrombi ikhoza kukula, kukula kwa mitsempha ya magazi. Momwemo, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumasokonezeka, komwe kumakhudza ntchito ya thupi lonse. Matendawa samalandira zakudya zokwanira komanso mpweya wokwanira, chifukwa cha kusintha kwawo komwe kumachitika.

Mafupa ngati palibe chithandizo cha panthaŵi yake amachititsa mavuto oopsa. Thromboembolism ndi mkhalidwe wovuta, womwe umaphatikizidwa ndi kulekanitsidwa kwa magazi ndi kutsekedwa kwathunthu kwa ziwiya zofunika (makamaka, mapiritsi a pulmonary). Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba mofulumira kwambiri kuti wodwalayo afe nthawi yayitali asanafike ku dipatimenti ya zamankhwala. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunika kudziŵa kuti thrombosis ndi chiyani komanso kuti zizindikiro zake zikuyenda bwanji.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Malinga ndi zomwe apeza ofufuza, pali zifukwa zazikulu zitatu, zomwe zimachitika nthawi imodzi zomwe zimabweretsa chitukuko cha thrombosis:

• Kuphulika kwa umphumphu wa khoma lachitsulo (kungayambitsidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwachindunji ndi kuwonetsetsa ku zipsinjo za poizoni zopatsirana);
• Kuchepa kwa kuchepa kwa mlingo wa magazi (vuto lomwelo lingakhale chifukwa cha kufinya khoma, kapena, mwachitsanzo, kulephera kwa mavotolo);
• Kuwonjezeka kwa coagulability kwa magazi (chifukwa cha izi, congenital anomalies mu chitukuko ndi mapangidwe a mapepala, zotsatira za mankhwala, kuphatikizapo mankhwala ena).

Zomwe zimayambitsa zokhudzana ndi matendawa zimatchulidwa pamwambapa. Koma zifukwa zina zikutsogolera maonekedwe awo, zomwe ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa:

• Kaŵirikaŵiri kuchokera ku thrombosis amavutika ukalamba;
• Nthendayi yokhala ndi matendawa siikupezeka pakati pa achinyamata omwe, chifukwa cha zifukwa zina, amakakamizidwa kuti azikhala nthawi yayitali, komanso amakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika; Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuphwanya magazi kumtima ndi kuchepa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono mu minofu ya miyendo ya m'munsi;
• Pa chifukwa chomwecho, mawonekedwe a magazi amagawidwe mwa anthu omwe, kwa nthawi yaitali, ayenera kutsata mpumulo wa kama;
• Zowopsazi zimaphatikizapo ntchito zowononga;
• Thrombosis ikhoza kukhalapo mwa mayi atatha kusungidwa;
• Kulemera kwambiri kunenepa ndi kunenepa kwambiri kumapangitsanso mwayi wopanga matenda;
• Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amakhudza coagulability ya magazi, kungapangitse kupanga mapangidwe;
• Kusuta kumachititsa vasospasm ndipo, motero, kumawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda;
• Zinthu zoopsa zimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa implants (mwachitsanzo, otetezera mtendere) ndi chatheterization ya nthawi yaitali;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi yayitali, kuphatikizapo njira zothandizira kulera, kungasokonezenso mkhalidwe wa mavitamini;
• Matenda opatsirana opatsirana amatha kusokoneza makoma a mitsempha, yomwe imayambitsa chitukuko cha thrombosis.

Nthawi zambiri thrombosis imayambitsa matenda ena, kuphatikizapo, matenda otsekula m'mimba, matenda a shuga, ndi zina zotero.

Mitundu ya thrombosis

Mwachidziwikire, pali mitundu yambiri ya machitidwe a matendawa. Komabe, poyamba matendawa amagawanika malinga ndi ziwiya zomwe zimakhudza:

• Chofala kwambiri ndi venous thrombosis. Matenda ofanana ndi awa amatsatizana ndi kuzimitsa magazi ndi kupanga mapepala a lumen a mitsempha. Kawirikawiri matendawa amakhudza mitsempha ya m'munsi, koma thrombosis ya ziwiya kumtunda kwa thupi zimawonetsedwa kawirikawiri. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi zina matendawa amayamba mitsempha yambiri. Mulimonsemo, ngati palibe chithandizo, chiwerengero cha zowonjezereka chikuwonjezeka, thrombi imafalikira kudzera ku mitengo ikuluikulu yambiri.
• Kupweteka kwa mitsempha, malinga ndi chiwerengero, kumapezeka kuchepa, koma ndi koopsa kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kupanikizika ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi mu mitsempha yayikulu ndipamwamba kwambiri, chotero nthawizonse nthawizonse ndizotheka kubisala kwa chophimba ndi kutchinga kwina kwa kuwala kwa mitsempha yofunikira. Ngakhale kutha kwa kanthaŵi kochepa kwa magazi kumabweretsa ischemia a ziwalo. Mwachitsanzo, kutuluka kwa thrombus ndi kutsekedwa kwa mitsempha yamakono nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa matenda a myocardial infarction. Ngati chifukwa cha thrombosis mitsempha yomwe imanyamula magazi ku ubongo imatsekedwa, ndizosatheka kupewa sitiroko.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa mitsempha yakuya ndi mbali zake

Kawirikawiri, odwala amavutika ndi matenda a "mitsempha yambiri ya m'munsi". Zizindikiro, chithandizo, zimayambitsa matenda ndizofunikira mafunso. Matenda amtundu uwu amawoneka kuti ndi amodzi omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yaitali zingakhale zopanda mavuto, koma zotsatira zake zingakhale zoopsa kwambiri.

Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa kumaphatikizidwa ndi kumverera kwa raspiraniya mu miyendo, komanso kupweteka. Choyamba ululu umawonekera pamene mukuchita mwakhama, koma ulipo pogona. Zizindikilo zina zimaphatikizapo phokoso la khungu, komanso kudzikuza kwamuyaya. Umoyo wa wodwalayo ukuwonongeka nthawi zonse - ngakhale kuyenda kochepa kumakhala kovuta. Kawirikawiri pambali ya thrombosis imapanga phlebitis (kutupa kwa makoma oopsa), komanso mavuto ena.

Thrombosis ya ziwiya za m'matumbo

Zoonadi, thrombosis ndiyoyikira ziwiya zonse za thupi la munthu. Ndipo mu mankhwala, matenda a zilonda za mitsempha yapamwamba kwambiri nthawi zambiri amalembedwa. Ndi nthenda yotereyi, katumbo kakang'ono ndi zigawo zina zakuda zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda a magazi.

Kuzindikira matendawa kungakhale kovuta, chifukwa chithunzi cha kuchipatala chimakhala chosavuta. Pazigawo zoyamba, pamakhala kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kunyoza ndi kusanza, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi kudya, kutsegula m'mimba, ndi kuchepa kwa thupi. Kutsekedwa kwa chovalacho ndi kutseka kwa chombocho kumayambitsa kupitirira mofulumira ndi ischemia ya m'mimba zimatenda, zomwe zikuphatikizapo ululu wamphamvu, wopweteka m'mimba. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amafunika kuti athandizidwe mwamsanga.

Kusokoneza kwakukulu ndi zizindikiro zake

Matenda angapangitse masabata ambiri ngakhale miyezi popanda kusintha kwakukulu mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo. Choncho, anthu, monga lamulo, funsani dokotala kale pakakhala mavuto.

Kupangidwa kwa thrombus yaikulu kumayambitsa vuto lachidziwitso lotchedwa "thrombosis yovuta", zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuiwala. Kuphulika kwa magazi m'magazi, komwe kunaperekedwa mpweya wa oxygen kukuphatikizidwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Kupweteka kwakukulu komwe kumachitika m'mphamvu yosokonezeka;
• Phokoso la khungu;
• Khungu lozungulira malo okhudzidwa limakhala lozizira kwambiri;
• Pali kuphwanya kwa tactile ndi kumva ululu;
• Kukula kwa mgwirizano wa minofu;
• Kusokonezeka kwa magalimoto.

Kupezeka kwa mavuto ngati amenewa ndi chifukwa chabwino kuti mwamsanga mufunsane ndi dokotala.

Thrombosis ndi thromboembolism

Musaganize zoopsa za thrombosis. Thromboembolism ndizoopsa kwambiri. Ichi si matenda odziimira okha, koma amodzi mwa zotsatira za thrombosis. Pazifukwa zina, magazi amalowa m'magazi otseguka, kenako amachotsa chotengeracho. Chotsatira cha embolism ndi mpweya wa oxygen ndipo mwamsanga kukula minofu ischemia.

Kulekanitsa kwa thrombus ndi kulowa kwake mu zotengera za mtima kumapangitsa kudwala kwa mtima. Kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yomwe imanyamula magazi ku ubongo kumabweretsa kudwala ndi zilonda zina za dongosolo la mitsempha. Nthaŵi zambiri, kulengeza kwa odwala ndi kosayenera, malinga ndi kuti wodwala aliyense sangawathandize kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga pa nthawi.

Kuzindikira matendawa

Njira yothandizira imaphatikizapo masitepe angapo ofunika. Zoonadi, poyamba dokotala amapanga kufufuza kunja ndikusonkhanitsa an anamnesis, koma maphunziro ena ndi ofunikira kuti adziwone kuti ndi ndani. Makamaka, imodzi mwa mayesero opindulitsa kwambiri ndi ultrasound dopplerography. Mwachitsanzo, njira yofananamo imakuthandizani kuti mupeze matenda omwe amapezeka m'mitsempha ya m'munsi. Pali njira zina zofufuza, kuphatikizapo phlebography, kompyuta angiography, plethysmography, ndi zina zotero.

Mayesero a coagulogic amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyesa kuchuluka kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa kutseka. Pakakhala kuti pali kukayikira kwa kukhalapo kwa zowonongeka, kuwonjezereka kwa magazi kumachitidwa.

Njira zamakono zamankhwala

Zoonadi, nkhani yofunikira kwa wodwala aliyense ndi njira zamankhwala zomwe mankhwala amakono angapereke. Mankhwala, ndithudi, amadalira kukula kwa thrombosis ndi kupezeka kwa mavuto.

Kumayambiriro koyamba, chithandizo chamankhwala chophatikizana n'chotheka. Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito anticoagulants, makamaka warfarin ndi heparin. Zinthuzi zimachepetsetsa magazi, zitsimikiziranso kuti kutuluka kwa thrombi ndikuteteza mapangidwe atsopano.

Kuonjezerapo, mankhwala ovuta kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso mankhwala omwe amathandizira makoma a ziwiya zowopsa. Physiotherapy imathandizanso. Ndikofunika kusintha zakudya, komanso kupitiriza kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugwira ntchito yeniyeni.

Nthawi zina, kuchita opaleshoni sikungapewe. Opaleshoniyi imaperekedwa pa nkhani ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa magazi akuluakulu komanso mavuto aakulu a magazi.

Njira zothandizira: momwe mungapewere chitukuko cha matendawa?

Kudziwa kuti thrombosis ndi yotani ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, zingapezeke njira zambiri zothandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matendawa.

Ponena za mankhwala osokoneza bongo, m'nthawi ya postoperative, odwala amapatsidwa mankhwala omwe amatsitsa magazi - izi zimalepheretsa kupangidwa. Odwala omwe amakakamizika kuti azigona pogona, amafunika mankhwala ochizira nthawi zonse, omwe amachotsa magazi.

Mfundo yofunikira ndi zakudya - kuti tipewe chitukuko cha atherosclerosis ndi thrombosis, ndikofunika kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta a nyama pa zakudya. Ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'mitsempha ya m'munsimu kumathandizira kuvala zovala zapadera zapansi. Ndipo ndithudi, musaiwale za kuchita masewera - iyi ndi njira yokhayo yokhalira minofu ndi kuimika magazi.

Kodi chithandizo chilipo ndi mankhwala ochiritsira?

Mankhwala amtundu amapereka zipangizo zambiri zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa magazi ndipo, motero, zimalepheretsa mapangidwe a magazi ndi kusungunuka kale. Mwachitsanzo, amaonedwa kuti ndi othandiza kutenga tachture woyera white kapchatka kapena msuzi. Mukhoza kudzikonzekera nokha kapena kugula mankhwala opangidwa ndi okonzeka ku pharmacy.

Mukhoza kukonzekera mankhwala a citrus ndi adyo. Pa izi, muyenera kupera mandimu awiri (pogwiritsa ntchito chopukusira nyama) pamodzi ndi khungu. Kumeneko kuonjezeretsanso kuchapidwa adyo (mutu umodzi wa sing'anga kukula). Onetsetsani zitsulozo, kutsanulira madzi ang'onoang'ono owiritsa a chilled, kenaka muphimbe ndikuchoka m'firiji masiku atatu. Pambuyo pa izi, ndi bwino kuti musakanize kulowetsedwa ndikuzitenga pa supuni katatu patsiku.

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mankhwala am'midzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati wothandizira komanso atangoyamba kukambirana ndi dokotala.