Cholinga ndi mitundu ya milu

Milu ukunenedwa kupanga maziko a nyumba ndi nyumba katundu kutengerapo pansi, komanso kuonjezera katundu mwankhanza mphamvu. Foundation losiyana kwake, kuphweka ndi makonzedwe mtengo wotsika. Mitundu ya milu zimadalira kugwiritsidwa ntchito, luso kupanga, mawonekedwe ndi njira akusunsa.

Kusiyana mankhwala Kusakaniza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo ndi luso kumiza. Pankhaniyi, unsembe wa milu zimadalira katundu nkhaniyo ndiponso kapangidwe. Kuchokera pa zipangizo mitundu zotsatirazi:

• analimbitsa milu simenti kapena konkire;
• wasitimu;
• zitsulo.

Gawo ndi njira kumiza thupi lawo mu nthaka, mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi katundu mawotchi ndi mbali structural.

Milu: mitundu ya ubatizo

Milu opangidwa ndi nsalu iliyonse ndipo anawagawa mpanda chikombole. Choyamba ntchito kwa dothi lofewa mwakuya kwambiri. Iwo kupereka katundu osati m'munsi mapeto, komanso ndi mikangano pakati pa nthaka pamwamba mbali. Poyimitsa m'munsi mapeto anathandiza pa maziko wandiweyani amene alandira katundu lonse.

Yomanga milu cholukanalukana ndi njira kumiza ndipo mitundu zotsatirazi.

1. Mphero - ntchito nkhonya nyundo kapena vibrators ntchito zipangizo kukanikiza. njira umagwiritsidwa, ngati palibe nyumba ena amene amagwedeza nthaka akhoza kupereka precipitate.
2. Dzenje chipolopolo mulu. Iwo amizidwa mu nthaka ndi kugwedera kuchotsa dothi kuchokera mkati ndipo adzabweretsa matope konkire.
3. Pobowola - zitsime mokhomerera ndi wodzazidwa ndi chisakanizo cha simenti kapena analimbitsa simenti ndi ikuthandizira amafotokozera.
4. Kusindikizidwa - bwino anapanga psinjika nthaka udzathiridwa chisakanizo konkire.
5. Wononga - tili m'mavuto mu nthaka.

Mitolo ya nkhuni

Matabwa maziko ntchito nyumba kuwala, zomwe kulemera pa 1 mita ² m'deralo m'munsimu muyezo. nyumba chilili wake kwa moyo utumiki womwewo. Kawirikawiri izi kanthawi munda nyumba, masitolo ang'onoang'ono, umatsuka galimoto, khofi shopu. Pakuti maofesi amenewa chofunika kugwirizana mtengo ntchito nyumba okhazikika.

Mitundu ya mitolo ya nkhuni ali m'magulu malinga ndi mtundu wa matabwa ntchito kuti iwo. Amachita wa paini, spruce, mkungudza, larch, thundu ndi zina zotero. D. zipika kutenga woongoka ndi oyera ku makungwa. Mulu kutalika wapangidwa 4.5 16 mamita ndi m'mimba mwake wa masentimita 20. Ngati malowedwe kwambiri, milu matabwa ndi kuchuluka kwa munthu pazipita zinthu zinayi. Mapeto pansi pa akupera pa phirilo ndi kutalika kwa amene ali wofanana 1.5-2 thunthu m'mimba mwake. Pa nthaka kwambiri wandiweyani kapena zolimba kuchokera pansi pa nsapato zakutha zitsulo. mapeto Upper kuteteza zitsulo mphete (goli) pofuna kudziteteza mapindikidwe pamene galimoto.

Pamaso milu pamadzi impregnating zikuchokera kwa kuwola: wapadera daubing mfuti. Iwo ndiye zina ndi chithope creosote mafuta kapena osmolkoy antiseptic ndi nsalu atakulungidwa.

Pansi zipilala maziko ambiri mokhomerera bwino nthawi 1.5 akuluakulu awiri. thandizo pansi ntchito miyala kapena konkire Kusakaniza. Pambuyo khazikitsa mitengo m'manda mwamphamvu tamped. Pamene bwino ankachitira nkhuni milu kutumikira kwa zaka 20.

analimbitsa milu konkire

Milu chotimasula ku malo okonzeka mu mawonekedwe a matabwa kapena anatsanulira mu nkhungu imene yaikidwa mu dzenje mokhomerera.

Mitundu kuchulukirachulukira yomanga kukhala chonse kapena polygonal, ndi malekezero zisonga m'munsi. Utali 16 m, ndi kukula mu mtanda gawo - kuchokera masentimita 20 mpaka 40.

The mankhwala ambiri a mtanda gawo lalikulu, opanda ntchito kwambiri ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa kwambiri popanga.

Mulu maziko, mitundu ya milu

maziko analenga ku gulu la milu, chikugwirizana pa mtanda pamwamba kapena slab (raft maziko). Single mulu kupirira kuli maganizo poyerekeza ndi kulemera kwa yomanga aboveground. Choncho, thandizo aumbike m'magulu.

1. Monolithic milu

Pamaso nyundo mulu mu nthaka, choyamba dzenje ndi mokhomerera momwemo kuti akuya 1.5 m, amene mzati ndi anaikapo. Ndiye wapampopi umaperekedwa ndi nyundo kapena kutenga ali lotengeka akuya amawathandiza. Chilolezo sizing dzenje wodzazidwa ndi simenti.

milu dzenje la analimbitsa simenti zigwirizana limasonyeza limodzi ndi kuwotcherera kapena akapichi. Mu gawo lawo m'munsi ndi nthaka, ndi chapamwamba matope konkire udzathiridwa, kuti athe kulankhulana ndi maziko.

2. milu wotopetsa

Mitundu ya milu kwa maziko mulinso kapangidwe opangidwa mwachindunji pa zomangamanga.

thandizo wotopetsa amapangidwa motere.

1. nthaka bwino kuzama kwa mulu. Kuti tichite zimenezi, nthaka mokhomerera kapena anakhomerera. Mu njira woyamba ungalimbe pansi khoma casing kapena njira dongo. Ngati danga m'munsi pansi pa chilemba m'munsi chipangizo wapadera Yolalikira wokwera pa ndodo kubowola.
2. Mkati bwino ndi anaikapo mu chubu cha chuma denga ndi shuttering wa zinayi zovekera ndodo ndi Mavalidwe yopingasa.
3. Danga mkati ladzala ndi njira yowona za vibrator chisindikizo.

milu zitsulo

Monga milu ntchito mbiri anagubuduza: I-mtengo, njira kapena chitoliro. Nthawi zina kubala awo analipo analamula maphunziro. Kuti izi kuthetsa china chotulutsa pakati pa njira ziwiri, potero yodalirika chubu lalikulu.

Milu akhoza kukhala mbali lotseguka. Nawonso mbali kuwotcherera, njanji, I-matabwa.

Zitsulo ntchito pa nthawi imene sikutheka kukhazikitsa analimbitsa milu konkire. N'kosavuta kuonjezera ngati malowedwe mu nthaka.

Zitsulo mbiri ndi mphamvu Kumwambamwamba, amene facilitates clogging zawo pansi. Chifukwa yaing'ono-gawo mtanda samuopa inclusions zovuta kapena kuwonongedwa dothi miyala.

Milu anathamangitsidwa mu nthaka kapena thanthwe atolankhani. Pa akuya 5 mamita ndi zokwanira kutsatira Buku nyundo.

Mitundu makamaka pakati pa makatoni a katundu zitsulo - ndi wononga. Powapatsa mphamvu mkulu, ali ndalama ndi sayansi maziko a konkire. Milu ndi mphako machubu ndi masamba akunja. Iwo tili m'mavuto mu nthaka, monga zomangira, pamene kusunga dongosolo ake ndipo potero zina. Kotero kuti zizipita ku onsewo motsogozedwa n'zosiyana kuti amanyoza makhalidwe a m'munsi pa.

Ubwino milu wononga

milu wononga ndi ubwino izi:

• kusowa kwa ntchito yomanga;
• Kuthekera kwa nyumbayi nyumba pa mtunda zovuta ndi nthaka yofewa;
• tisaletse mapulani nyumba pa malo okonzeka anapanga;
• mkulu katundu mwankhanza mphamvu;
• palibe shrinkage;
• luso kukhazikitsa pafupi mauthenga ndi nthawi iliyonse chaka;
• durability.

Fundam la milu wononga ntchito pa nthaka yofewa, kumene mkulu chinyezi, kuzizira ndi fluidity. Popeza sangathe anamanga chapansi, koma drawback izi si zachilendo mitundu yonse ya mulu maziko.

Posankha milu wononga ayenera kulabadira zinthu zotsatirazi.

1. Maziko a chitoliro yatsopano zopangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi sandblasted ndi antirust TACHIMATA odalirika. Khoma makulidwe ayenera kukhala osachepera 4 mm, ndi masamba - 5 mm.
2. Chitoliro akhale yosalala kunja, popanda yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda welds, ndi tsamba - mawonekedwe zolondola.
3. Ndi kuwotcherera khalidwe zofuna mkulu mwinamwake mankhwala chiyani sapulumuka pa screwing mu nthaka.

Zotsatirazi mitundu ya milu wononga:

• aloyi ndi mphamvu mkulu wa tsamba kuti kugwirizana chitoliro;
• kuwotcherera - kuwotcherera ndi masamba pa thupi la mulu;
• zimagwira anasonkhana ku magawo awiri - mbewa zakufa tsamba.

Wononga milu si wokwera mu pamiyala ndi miyala, ngakhale kuti pali zida wapadera kwa unsembe amenewa.

Ogwiritsa milu wononga

1. yoyenera kukula amusankha zochokera mawerengedwe a milu ndi kusanthula nthaka.
2. Yopangidwa kulemba, ndi mulu amamasulidwa ku malo ankafuna.
3. Screwing kubala zipangizo zina zapadera, koma nthawi zina mukhoza pamanja, ntchito levers. ntchito pochita izi 2-3. kuya ayenera kukhala osachepera 1.5 m.
4. munda mulu Kadulidwa mlingo chomwecho.
5. Mkati mipope idzale konkire.
6. Welded mapeto kapu pamwamba pa milu, ndipo pambuyo anachita strapping njira bala kapena zipika. Kuwotcherera matabwa ndi TACHIMATA ndi dzimbiri utomoni wonunkhira.

Pomaliza

Technology ntchito pomanga milu n'zotheka kuthetsa mavuto zovuta yomanga njira yosavuta angakwanitse ndi nyumba. Zosiyanasiyanazo milu, mosiyana ndi maziko ena, amalola kukhala malo mobisa m'nthaka aliyense ndi m'madera kumangidwa.