Mungoli mu zamoyo. Mtengo wa kaimbidwe kwachilengedwenso. biorhythms

Science kuti amaphunzira rhythmicity mu zamoyo, anatuluka m'zaka XVIII mochedwa. tate wake imatengedwa kuti ndi German dokotala Hristofor Vilyam Gufelyand. Ndi okwanira yaitali ake kaimbidwe kwachilengedwenso za thupi ankaona kuti azidalira nzeru zako kunja cyclical, makamaka kuzungulira kwa dziko mozungulira dzuwa ndipo olamulira yake. Today chronobiology otchuka. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso kawirikawiri izo, amachititsa ndege kwanthawi onse ali kunja ndi mkati thupi konkire. Komanso, mobwerezabwereza kusintha pa nthawi si anthu apadera. Iwo kusinthitsa magulu osiyanasiyana a kachitidwe kwachilengedwenso - kuchokera maselo biosphere lapansi.

Mungoli mu zamoyo: tanthauzo

Choncho, katundu nkhani ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro chachikulu kanthu wamoyo. Rhythmicity mu zamoyo zikhoza limanenedwa ngati njira mwamphamvu kusinthasintha ndi mayankho thupi. Ndi kusintha magaziniyo wa boma la dongosolo moyo chilengedwe akuwuka pansi zochita za zinthu kunja ndi mkati. Umatchedwanso synchronizers.

Biorhythms, musati zimadalira Link (kuchita dongosolo kunja) Zinthu ali amkati. Exogenous, motero, salabadira zimakhudzira mkati (mkati opaleshoni dongosolo) cha synchronizers lapansi.

zifukwa

Monga tanenera kale, mu masiteji loyamba la mapangidwe a sayansi yatsopano ya kayimbidwe kotani mu zamoyo ankaona kuti nkwa kuti zinthu zina. Mu malo ya chiphunzitso chimenechi anafika amanena za mtima mkati. Ndi zinthu zina anatuma ntchito zing'onozing'ono. Komabe, ofufuza mofulumira kumvetsa mtengo wapatali wa mitundu onse a synchronizers. Lero, akukhulupirira kuti kwachilengedwenso kaimbidwe wa moyo, amkati mu chikhalidwe, ndi nkhani kusintha mchikakamizo cha chilengedwe kunja. Mfundo imeneyi ndi pa mtima multiostsillyatornoy chitsanzo cha lamulo njira zimenezi.

Mfundo yaikulu ya chiphunzitso

Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi, amkati osiyana ma njira oscillatory zimakhudzidwa ndi synchronizers kunja. A nambala yaikulu oscillations mkati rhythmic a chamoyo multicellular anamanga mu zina kuti masanjidwe. Pa mtima wa yokonza ake ndi njira neurohumoral. Iwo akuvomereza gawo ubwenzi kaimbidwe osiyana: njira unidirectional zimachitika synchronously ndi yosemphana ntchito mwa antiphase.

zochitika zonsezi N'zovuta kulingalira popanda mtundu wina wa oscillator (mgwilizanitsi). Mu chiphunzitso chimenechi pali atatu yapakati-zokhudzana zolimbana machitidwe: yomweyo pineal, ndi pituitary ndi zopangitsa adrenal. Pineal England ankaona akale kwambiri.

Mwina zamoyo, ataima pa rungs m'munsi wa chitukuko zamoyo zinachita, ndi England pineal chimachititsa kwambiri. Allocated kwa iwo, melatonin amapangidwa mu mdima ndi amang'amba kuwala. Ndipotu imatiuza maselo onse pa nthawi ya tsiku. Pamene zovuta za bungwe pineal England akuyamba yofunika sekondale, kupereka ulamuliro wa mtima suprachiasmatic ya ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha kwa. Ubale pakati pa lamulo la kaimbidwe kwachilengedwenso mu nyumba onse si anathana mpaka kumapeto. Mulimonsemo, malinga ndi chiphunzitso, ali ndi "wothandizira" - ndi zopangitsa adrenal.

mitundu

biorhythms onse m'magulu ziwiri:

• thupi kuimira yofanana mu machitidwe munthu wa thupi;

• zachilengedwe kapena dziphunzitsiranso kofunika kuti azolowere nthawi yosintha zinthu zachilengedwe.

Komanso wamba gulu la bungwe F. Halberg Chronobiology. Maziko kulekana kwa kaimbidwe kwachilengedwenso anatenga nthawi zawo:

• Mkulu pafupipafupi Phokoso - kuchokera masekondi angapo kuti ola limodzi;

• chakuti pafupifupi pafupipafupi - kuchokera theka la ola masiku asanu ndi limodzi;

• otsika pafupipafupi Phokoso - kuchokera masiku asanu chaka chimodzi.

The njira ya mtundu woyamba - ndi kupuma, kugunda kwa mtima, ntchito magetsi a ubongo ndi ena ofanana mungoli mu zamoyo. Zitsanzo za Phokoso sing'anga-pafupipafupi - chingasinthe mu kagayidwe tsiku, kugona ndi maso. Mtundu wachitatu zikuphatikizapo kusinthasintha nyengo, kaimbidwe pachaka ndi mwezi.

Kunja kwa synchronizers munthu anawagawa chikhalidwe ndi thupi. Choyamba - ichi ndi tsiku chizolowezi ndi osiyana miyezo yogwiritsidwa kuntchito, kunyumba kapena dera lonse. synchronizers thupi akupereka kusintha kwa usana ndi usiku, mphamvu ya minda atomu, kusinthasintha kutentha, chinyezi ndi zina zotero.

desynchronization

The koyenerera chikhalidwe zimachitika ngati biorhythms mkati ntchito mogwirizana ndi zinthu kunja. Mwatsoka, ili ndi sizichitika nthawi zonse. A boma kumene mismatch ya kayimbidwe mkati ndi synchronizers kunja, wotchedwa kwakusiyana kwanthawi. Komanso alipo mu Mabaibulo awiri.

Internal desynchronosis - njira zolakwa mwachindunji mu thupi. Chitsanzo wamba - kusokonezedwa tulo anadzuka kaimbidwe. Kunja desynchronosis - ndi misalignment ya kayimbidwe mkati zamoyo ndi mmene chilengedwe. kuyan'anila zimenezi zikuchitika, mwachitsanzo, njira kuchokera nthawi ina zone ndi mzake.

Desynchronosis chidawoneka kusintha mu magawo thupi monga kuthamanga kwa magazi. Nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi kuchuluka irritability, kusowa chilakolako cha kutopa. Malinga Chronobiology, monga tatchulazi, matenda aliwonse - chifukwa cha mismatch njira zosiyanasiyana oscillatory.

Diurnal kaimbidwe kwachilengedwenso

Kumvetsa njira thupi la kusinthasintha mfundo optimally kumanga ntchito. Mwanjira imeneyi, phindu makamaka mkulu kaimbidwe kwachilengedwenso chosatha za tsiku. Iwo ntchito kudziwa ogwira ntchito ndi kupuma, ndi matenda zachipatala, mankhwala, ndipo ngakhale kusankha mlingo mankhwala.

Mu thupi tsiku - kusinthasintha nthawi mu chiwerengero chachikulu cha njira. Ena mwa iwo osiyana kwambiri, ndi zina - osachepera. Nkofunika apa kuti zokhazikitsidwa ndi anthu ndipo ena asapitirire mwakale, mwachitsanzo iwo kuopseza thanzi.

kusinthasintha kutentha

Thermoregulation - chinsinsi zonse chilengedwe mkati, kutanthauza kuti ntchito thupi bwino nyama zonse, kuphatikizapo anthu. Kusintha kutentha chikuchitika masana, ndi osiyanasiyana kusintha ndi yaing'ono. Osachepera ntchito khalidwe nyengo kuyambira m'mawa mpaka asanu m'mawa, pazipita okhudza sikisi koloko madzulo. The oscillation matalikidwe Choncho zambiri digiri n'komwe.

Mtima ndi endocrine kachitidwe

Ntchito ya chachikulu "injini" thupi la munthu ndi phunziro kusinthasintha. Pali mfundo ziwiri nthawi imene amachepetsa ntchito za dongosolo mtima: wani koloko naini koloko.

kaimbidwe ake apaderadera ndi ziwalo zonse hematopoiesis. Peak mafupa ntchito akupezeka m'mawa, ndi ndulu ya - eyiti koloko madzulo.

timadzi katulutsidwe kwambiri anasintha tsiku lonse. zikuwonjezereka masiku ano ndende mu magazi limatuluka m'mawa ndipo kenako pachimake pa naini koloko. Mbali ikufotokoza kunyonga ndi ntchito zimene zimachizidwa yodziwika ndi anthu m'mawa.

Azamba kudziwika ziwerengero chidwi: ntchito nthawi zambiri amayamba pakati pa usiku. Iwo unakambidwanso ndi peculiarities wa dongosolo endocrine. Ndi ino, akuziyambitsa ndi zapambuyo Lobe wa pituitary England umabala mahomoni ziwalo.

M'mawa - nyama madzulo - mkaka

Pa otsatira kudya chakudya chabwino chidwi mfundo chikugwirizana ndi dongosolo m'mimba. Theka loyamba la tsiku - nthawi pamene kumawonjezera peristalsis pa mundawo m'mimba, kumaonjezera yopanga ya ndulu. Chiwindi glycogen m'mawa mwachangu amadya ndi kupereka madzi. Chronobiology malamulo awa amapeza malamulo losavuta: olemera ndi mafuta zakudya yabwino kudya m'mawa ndi masana ndi madzulo abwino mkaka ndi masamba.

operability

Si chinsinsi kuti biorhythms anthu bwanji ntchito yake tsiku. Kusinthasintha anthu osiyana nawo mbali Komabe zosiyanasiyana ambiri tingaone. Atatu "mbalame" chronotype yolumikiza kaimbidwe kwachilengedwenso ntchito ndi mwina kudziwika kwa onse. Izi "mbalame", "kadzidzi" ndi "njiwa". Woyamba awiri - kwambiri options. "Larks" wodzala ndi mphamvu m'mawa, zosavuta kudzuka m'mawa ndi kupita kukagona.

"Akadzidzi amakhala m'mapanga", monga zinachitika awo, ndi usiku. Nthawi yogwira amene akuyamba pa asanu madzulo. amadzuka m'mawa iwo zovuta kupirira. "Nkhunda" kugwira ntchito usana ndi usiku. Pamene iwo amatchedwa chronobiology aritmikami.

Kudziwa mtundu wanu wa munthu akhoza kusamalira zochita zawo mosavuta. Komabe, akukhulupirira kuti aliyense "Kadzidzi" akhoza kukhala "lark" ngati n'koyenera, ndi kulimbikira, ndi kupatukana ku mitundu itatu chifukwa m'malo makhalidwe, osati mbali ndinagona pansi.

kusintha nthawi zonse

Biorhythms wa zamoyo anthu ndipo ena osati osasinthika zizindikiro zonse lokhazikika. Pa ontogeny ndi phylogeny, ie, chitukuko munthu ndi kusanduka, kusintha malamulo ena. Kodi udindo kusintha, mpaka mapeto akadali bwino. Pali awiri Mabaibulo waukulu ndalamayi. Malinga ndi mmodzi wa iwo, kutsogozedwa ndi kusintha chibadidwe limagwirira pa mlingo ma - izo angatchedwe wotchi kwachilengedwenso.

kungoganizira wina ali ndi udindo waukulu mu ndondomeko imeneyi amachotsa zinthu geophysical kuti sanalankhule kufukulidwa. Okhulupirira chiphunzitso chimenechi kufotokoza kusiyana biorhythms anthu ndi udindo wawo pa makwerero chisinthiko. Mlingo wapamwamba bungwe, kagayidwe kwambiri. Chikhalidwe cha ntchito sasintha, koma kumawonjezera matalikidwe a Phokoso la. Kayendedwe chomwecho mu zamoyo ndi kalunzanitsidwe ake ndi njira geophysical amaonedwa monga zotsatira za kusankha zamoyo, wopita ku kutembenuka kwa akunja (mwachitsanzo, masana kapena usiku) mu zamkati (nthawi ya ntchito ndi tulo) mungoli fluctuation.

Zotsatira za m'badwo

Chronobiology wakhazikitsidwa kuti m'kupita kwa ontogeny, malingana siteji yokonzedwa ndi thupi, kusintha kaimbidwe circadian. Aliyense nyengo ya postnatal chitukuko cha Phokoso zawo zizigwirizana machitidwe mkati. Ndipo kusintha kwa kaimbidwe kwachilengedwenso umamumvera malamulo ena, anafotokozedwa ndi Russian katswiri GD Gubin. Ndi yabwino tikambirane za nyama ndi. Iwo ndi kusintha kumeneku kwenikweni chikugwirizana ndi amplitudes ya kayimbidwe circadian. Kuyambira pachiyambi woyamba wa chitukuko munthu akamakula ndi kufika pazipita mu wamng'ono ndi pakati. matalikidwe amayamba kuchepa.

Izi si kusintha okha kaimbidwe kugwirizana ndi zaka. Kusintha komanso acrophase zinayendera (acrophase - nthawi mfundo imeneyi pamene pazipita anati phindu) ndi ukulu wa zaka ponseponse osiyanasiyana (hronodezma). Ngati tifotokoza kusintha izi zonse, zimaonekera kuti ndi biorhythms akula mwangwiro limagwirizana ndi thupi kuzilepheretsa zosiyanasiyana makhalidwe kunja, pamene thanzi lawo. Popeza zinthu zikusintha pa nthawi. Chifukwa cha mismatch ya kayimbidwe osiyana, thanzi pang'onopang'ono ikutha.

Chronobiology amati ntchito dongosolo izi kulosera matenda. Pamaziko a kudziwa za peculiarities wa kaimbidwe circadian anthu, kusinthasintha pa moyo wa theoretically n'zotheka kupanga ndandanda ena, kuganizira thanzi la katundu wa, highs ake ndi mtendere pa nthawi. Chotero kuyezetsa - m'tsogolo, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri. Komabe, pali maganizo kuti kulola kuti amange chinachake ngati ndandanda izi tsopano.

atatu mungoli

Priotkroem inamuluma chophimba mwachinsinsi ndi kukuuzani mmene kudziwa biorhythms wanu. Mawerengedwe a iwo zachokera zamaganizo Hermann Swoboda chiphunzitso dokotala Vilgelma Fissa ndi injiniya Alfreda Telchera, Adalenga kumayambiriro a XIX ndi XX zaka. Akamanena za chiphunzitso cha kuli kaimbidwe atatu: thupi, maganizo ndi ozindikira. Zidzachitika pa kubadwa ndi kupyolera mu miyoyo yawo sasintha pafupipafupi awo:

• Thupi - masiku 23;

• maganizo - 28 masiku;

• Wanzeru - masiku 33.

Ngati inu chiwembu Zithunzi za kusintha awo pa nthawi, izo zimakhala yoweyula sine. Pakuti magawo onse atatu a mafunde pa x-olamulira limafanana ndi kuwuka kwa zizindikiro pansi ndi zone mavuto thupi, maganizo ndi nzeru. Biorhythm mawerengedwe amene angathe kuchitidwa pa ndandanda Mofananamo, ndi olamulira mphambano mfundo kukusonyeza kuti nyengo njakata pamene mwamphamvu amachepetsa kukana zinthu zachilengedwe.

tanthauzo la zizindikiro

Mawerengedwe a kaimbidwe kwachilengedwenso pa maziko a chiphunzitso chimenechi zikhoza kupangidwa paokha. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kuwerengera mmene mwakhala: Chulukitsani zaka ndi Chiwerengero cha masiku chaka (musaiwale kuti tumphatumpha la 366). Chiwerengero chifukwa lagawidwa ndi pafupipafupi biorhythm, ndi ndandanda omwe mumanga (23, 28 kapena 33). Pezani zina inteja ndipo wotsalawo. gawo lonse kachiwiri awonjezere nthawi yapadera ya ndege kwanthawi? f kuchotsera mtengo kuwapeza chiwerengero cha masiku akale. Yotsala adzakhala chiwerengero cha masiku nyengo pa nthawiyo.

Ngati mtengo si upambana limodzi chachinayi cha kutalika kuzungulira - ichi zochotsa nthawi. Malinga kwakusiyana kwanthawi, amasonyeza kulimba mtima ndi zolimbitsa thupi, maganizo abwino ndi kukhazikika maganizo, kudzoza kulenga ndi kukula aluntha. mtengo wofanana ndi kutalika theka la nthawi amaimira nthawi njakata. Kugunda wachitatu lotsiriza la kutalika biorhythm aliyense kumatanthauza kupeza mu zone downtrend. Panthawi imeneyi, munthuyo akhoza asatope msanga, kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda, pamene izo zifika kuzungulira thupi. Maganizo, pali amaganiza kuchepa kwa maganizo, akuchuluka mu mphamvu okana amphamvu mkati. Pa mlingo wa nzeru mavuto amakhala ndi vuto zochita, ena chopinga wa ganizo.

chiphunzitso kumwa

Mu dziko sayansi mfundo za biorhythms atatu mu mtundu uwu zambiri kudzudzulidwa. Palibe malo kwanzeru kukhulupirira kuti chinthu akhoza kukhala choncho nthawi zonse mu thupi la munthu. Tikutero chifukwa regularities onse anaona kuti ayang'anire mungoli mu zamoyo, makhalidwe njira mkati chibadidwe milingo yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo. Choncho, njira anafotokoza za mawerengedwe ndi chiphunzitso lonse kaŵirikaŵiri zingakhale chidwi njira chibwana, osati mfundo yaikulu, potengera zomwe pali dongosolo ntchito zake.

Tizilombo kayendedwe ka kugona ndi maso, motero osati pano mu thupi. Kusinthasintha imvera onse kachitidwe komwe amapanga thupi lathu, osati pa mlingo wa magulu akuluakulu monga mtima kapena m'mapapo. njira rhythmic anaika mu maselo, choncho khalidwe la moyo kanthu wonse. The sayansi kuti amaphunzira kusinthasintha awa, pamene aang'ono, koma amafuna kufotokoza zambiri za malamulo amene alipo mu moyo wa munthu ndi mu zonse zachilengedwe. Zitachitika kale deta amanena kuti angathe chronobiology kwenikweni kwambiri. Mwina posachedwapa adzakhala kutsogoleredwa ndi mfundo zake ndi madokotala, kupatsa mlingo wa mankhwala mogwirizana ndi makhalidwe a gawo makamaka za kayendedwe kwachilengedwenso.