Mtunda ku dziko lapansi ndi dzuwa

Kuyambira ali wakhanda, aliyense amadziwa kuti dzuwa - yaikulu incandescent mpira wa nyenyezi kutali. Koma funso kodi mtunda kuchokera Earth kwa Sun, yankho simungathe aliyense wamkulu ndi maphunziro apamwamba. Nkhani umu ndi momwe kusintha mtunda kuchokera Earth kwa Sun chaka chonse, monga asayansi anayezanso ndi mmene kwambiri poyerekeza ndi remoteness zinthu zina danga.

Sun kuchotsedwa pafupifupi wani handiredi ndi miliyoni makumi asanu makilomita ku Earth. mpita wa dziko lapansi si bwalo wangwiro, koma ellipse, kotero mtunda pakati pa limazungulira dzuŵa ndi dziko lapansi panthawi zosiyanasiyana siliri chimodzimodzi. Mtengo wake osachepera mu zakuthambo wotchedwa perihelion, ndi pazipita - aphelion. Perihelion ndi wofanana makilomita miliyoni zana ndi makumi asanu, ndipo mtengo aphelion wa makilomita makumi awiri miliyoni zana. Perihelion ali January ndi aphelion - July.

Ku Earth kwa Sun zikuoneka yaing'ono. Ndipotu, m'mimba ake ndi lalikulu kuposa awiri pa equator ya nthawi Earth 109. Great mtunda kuchokera Earth kwa Sun - ndicho chifukwa kuti ife tikuwona mu mlengalenga poyerekezera ndi bwalo laling'ono lofiira ndi lachikasu. Mwezi nthawi pafupi, koma usiku kumwamba zikuwoneka ang'onoang'ono. Mtunda ku dziko lapansi okha Kanema zachilengedwe pafupifupi wofanana makilomita 384,3 zikwi. Izi ndi nthawi 390 zosakwana mtunda kuchokera pa dziko lapansi ndi dzuwa. Nthawi imene dzuwa umalandira padziko lathuli, yemweyo mphindi zisanu ndi zitatu ndi masekondi makumi awiri.

Pamene asayansi anatha kuyeza mtunda kuchokera Earth kwa Sun? Kodi amagwiritsa ntchito? Zoyesayesa woyamba umenewu tapangidwa ku Greece, koma kukamba za zotsatira angathe kukhala pokhapokha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri. Mu kenako Ages Middle anagwiritsa ntchito njira parallax. Njira imeneyi imakhala mu chakuti pamaziko a deta pa za utali wozungulira wa Earth kuonetsetsa ndi Earth ku dzuwa limanenedwa ngodya pa imene dzuwa ili pa kaja adzakhala kuonekera Earth. Mtunda ku chinthu chimodzi kuti Space wina ndi kuchita masamu ndi kusamutsidwa parallax.

Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri, sayansi ndi luso zisinthe wabweretsa njira yatsopano ya kuyeza mtunda mu mlengalenga. Rada njira ndi iyi: mbali ya danga chinthu watumidwa ndi zimachitika chizindikiro wochokera kwa izo, ndiyeno zochokera deta za ulendo wa mopupuluma mtunda awiri kuchokera Earth cholinga cha chidwi pa liwiro masamu mtunda kudziwika. Lero, wamphamvu zakuthambo ali ndi njira yatsopano kwa inu kudziwa mmene makilomita ambiri kutali kwa ife nyenyezi ndi maiko bwino kudziwika nyenyezi. Izi Sunyaev-Zeldovich zochokera fixation nthawi inanso chinthu wailesi yokoka lensing, ozikidwa pa phunziro la kuchimwa kunyezimira kuwala mu munda yokoka wa chinthu, njira mphete maselo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kuwunika koyamba kwa mtunda kuchokera dongosolo dzuwa kuti Way a.

Monga yankho ku funso zimene mtunda kuchokera Earth kwa Sun? Big kapena yaing'ono? Chirichonse ndi wachibale. N'zochititsa chidwi poyerekeza ndi mtunda kuchokera Kumwamba Kuti Mars kapena mwezi, koma pafupifupi negligible poyerekezera ndi mtunda kuchokera nyenyezi zina ndi nyenyezi. Yapafupi Padziko Lapansi dziko ndi Venus, ndipo iye kuchotsedwa pa makilomita miliyoni 41,4. Pakati pa dziko lapansi ndi la Mars miliyoni 78.3 makilomita pakati pa Dziko Lapansi ndi Mercury - 91.6 Km. Koma Jupiter ndi maiko ena chimphona ali padziko lapansi kuposa dzuwa.

makhalidwe amenewa nthawi zambiri ntchito kuyeza malo dziko monga parsecs ndi zaka kuwala. Pa mtunda wa munthu parallax parsec pachaka danga chinthu ndi chimodzi chachiwiri (choncho dzina "parsec" - parallax kwa wachiwiri). A kuwala chaka - ichi ndi mtunda kuti kuŵala kumayenda mu chaka. mfundo zimenezi zimagwira ntchito miyezo phunziro la matupi lakutali zakuthambo. Mwachitsanzo, ku Earth kuti nyenyezi Alpha Centauri kuwala amapita zaka zinayi Sirius - zaka zisanu ndi zitatu ndi theka, ndipo lalanje chimphona Betelgeuse - zaka 650!