Mphamvu moyenera: kapangidwe, mawerengedwe

Kusamala Energy amadziwika dongosolo zizindikiro, lomwe limasonyeza Kuyanjana pakathi kufika mabuku ndiponso lopanda mphamvu, chilengedwe chake ndi mowa mwa yekha dera (dziko, dera) kapena kupanga (makampani, ogwira) gawo ake. Linapangidwa kwa nthawi kapena tsiku. m'mayiko osiyanasiyana kukhala ndi kuwononga zinthu mafuta. Mwachitsanzo, US wogawana ntchito mitundu yonse. Ndipo Russia, mosiyana, tikunena yopanga gasi.

makhalidwe General

The bwino mafuta ndi mphamvu zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri. Ndalama ndi kwaiye chifukwa m'zigawo za utsi zosiyanasiyana. Izi mafuta, gasi, malasha, shale, peat ndi nkhuni. Komanso, zimenezi zimaphatikizapo yaikulu yopanga mphamvu ikukhudzana hydro ndi nyukiliya zomera mphamvu. Pa ndalama mbali zikuphatikizapo ndi imports chuma mafuta. Theka lachiwiri la muyezo amasonyeza kufalitsa makampani mphamvu, komanso wolowa wake. Kawirikawiri mbali zonse mopitirira kumapeto kwa chaka. Choncho, mafuta ndi mphamvu bwino nkhani zina za chuma chaka-yotsiriza. Pa kapangidwe ake kuzindikiridwa angapo gulu.

Kapangidwe ka mafuta ndi mphamvu moyenera

Payokha masamu kanjedza magulu awa. Mwachitsanzo, anachira mafuta kapena mphamvu bwino mbali. Pamene kuwerengetsa zizindikiro ndi onse muyeso umodzi kachulukidwe. Nthawi zina kudziwa koefishienti wa utsi payekha. Izi zachitika pa maziko a amalimbana ndi kupanga ndi kuyembekezera ubwino calorific. Ndiye buku kuchulukitsa ndi koyefishienti wa. Ntchito zizindikiro atsopano kutsogolera amalola kupezeka kwa chuma ndi muyeso umodzi kachulukidwe. magawanidwe oyerekeza kuti utsi waukulu ali motere: Mafuta - 1.4, Natural Mafuta - 1,18, malasha - 0,7, shale - 0,34 nkhuni - 0,27. Komanso amaganizira mphamvu hayidiroliki ndi nyukiliya. Izi zachitika pa mafuta amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ulimi wake ndi kusintha mu mtengo unit.

mitundu

The bwino mafuta ndi mphamvu angaonere pa mayunitsi Kupititsa kapena maofesi mafakitale osiyana. Iwo akhoza kuchita masamu:

• Malinga ndi magawo a otaya mphamvu. Pakati pawo, kupanga processing (kusinthika), kayendedwe, yosungirako ndipo yotsiriza ntchito.
• Pakuti maofesi ndi zida. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za kubwera ndi mphamvu ndalama pa malo, boilers, ayenga.
• Ntchito. Buku lonse la kumwa zinthu zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mphamvu zothandiza ndi ndalama.
• Malinga ndi chuma wonse.
• M'madera ena a dziko ndi chuma cha dziko.
• Mu Kupititsa mbali. Pamene ntchito njira imeneyi amaganizira chuma mafuta a makamaka dera, boma, mayiko Union.

Phindu chifukwa chuma cha padziko lonse

Mphamvu bwino kwa United States amakhala ndi ntchito ndi yunifolomu ya malasha, gasi, mafuta. M'mafamu yaing'ono amagwiritsidwanso ntchito peat ndi nkhuni. M'zaka zaposachedwapa chochitika kukula United States amalandira mafuta makampani shale. United States kupereka okha ndi zinthu zofunikira.

UK amakonda kwambiri ntchito gasi. M'gawo lake chifukwa amapangidwa lalikulu zedi. Canada ndi mtsogoleri dziko kupanga mphamvu hayidiroliki. France amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu nyukiliya okwerera. Madziwa pang'ono yaikulu chuma mafuta, choncho m'pofunika kuthetsa vuto limeneli.

Nkhani yofanana ndi muyezo wa Japan. China amathetsa zosowa mphamvu zake makamaka chifukwa malasha. Mafuta ndi nkhani mpweya chifukwa% 30 zokha bwino kwathunthu. Koma Poland, ndi malo oyamba mu ntchito malasha komanso. Ichi ndi chifukwa mtengo wake otsika zokolola mu dziko.

Mafuta ndi mphamvu muyezo wa Russia

RF amapereka zofuna zake makamaka chifukwa gasi. utsi olimba ndi mafuta ntchito kwambiri mouma. Kumakhudzana ndi mwayi wa yopanga zinthu zachilengedwe m'gawo la Russia. RF zina zonse zofunika kuchita nawo mokwanira mu malo Eurasian mphamvu.

Azimayi zina kuwonjezeka mafuta kupanga n'zokayikitsa ngati ziri zodziwika bwino madipoziti ntchito. Ngati tikulingalira mafuta olimba, makamaka malasha ndi mafuta, chirichonse si chifukwa cha kukula kwa nkhokwe ndi mitengo ya zinthu zawo. Izi zidalira pa dziko msika. misinkhu mtsogolo ulimi anatsimikiza ndendende pa mfundo imeneyi, kutenga nkhani mitengo zoweta kwa gwero la.

Misika chachikulu Russia ndi Western, Central ndi Eastern Europe. Komabe, ku Russia yekha sangathe kwambiri kusonkhezera zinthu dziko msika. Choncho, kudalira pa chuma Russian kuchokera zogulitsa kunja mafuta ndi gasi chiopsezo china. Izi bwino tikaganizira kuchepa posachedwapa mitengo mphamvu. Kuchepetsa mtengo wa mafuta kwachititsa kuti ruble devaluation ndi kuwonongeka kwa moyo anthu a.

ziyembekezo

anthu onse padziko lapansi zikuchulukirachulukira tsiku lililonse. zinthu anapulumutsidwa yekha kuti kukwera kuwonjezera m'mayiko osauka, osati chuma. Pambuyo zinthu zonse mafuta ntchito kwambiri ngati atsopano. Ndipo atengera ndi kuti kufunika iwo kumawonjezera. Ndipo pamene kupulumutsa umisiri pamodzi ndi kumbali chilengedwe kwenikweni izo. Choncho, tikhoza kunena motsimikiza pafupifupi mtheradi kuti mafuta ndi mphamvu muyezo wa dziko sizinasinthe mu mphindi yotsatirayo. Chuma chachikulu zaka 20 adzakhala onse mafuta omwewo ndiponso gasi. Choncho, mitengo adzauka. Koma ndi kofunika kwambiri kwa chuma Russian.

RF ndithu silingakhoze kokha zosoŵa za mafakitale awo mu mafuta ndi mphamvu chuma, komanso kukhala amagulitsa kutsogolera. malo Geopolitical amalola Russia kukhala yofunika polumikizira dziko yonyamula mafuta ndi mpweya ku Ulaya kuchokera m'mayiko ya Caspian.

zopangira magetsi sagwirizana nazo

Kuyenera zofunika kwambiri njira kuti mafuta okumba pansi. Mosiyana otsiriza, ali zongowonjezwdwa, choncho angathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi wamphamvu yaitali. magwero sagwirizana nazo monga dzuwa, mphepo, nyanja, mitsinje, amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhuni ndi kutentha dziko lapansi, ndi anthu ena. Iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza kapena fupipafupi. luso yopanga mphamvu osati zimadalira zipangizo ndi anthu, komanso nyengo.