Freudianism - ndi chiyani ichi? Tanthauzo ndi malangizo

Psychology - sayansi kuti amaphunzira psyche anthu. Akatswiri amene amaphunzira kuwerenga maganizo, chaka chilichonse kupanga zambiri kutulukira zinthu zatsopano zokhudza maphunziro a ubongo wa munthu, ndi zovuta njira maganizo kunachitika izo. Taganizirani banja lina ziphunzitso odziwika bwino kwambiri mu maganizo, ndilo anangotchula wa Freudianism.

Tanthawuzo la "Freudian"

Mawu akuti zichokela ku dzina la wasayansi wotchuka Sigmund Freud, amene akufuna chiphunzitso chake cha psychoanalysis anthu. Freudian chiphunzitso - chiphunzitso cha psychoanalysis, limafotokoza zimene ena mwa njira maganizo, zikuchitika pa mlingo ndi kukomoka. Malinga Freud, lonse moyo maganizo a munthu imakhala magulu atatu akulu akulu: mosadziŵa, preconscious ndi ozindikira.

Mlingo chikomokere a Freud amayenda ndi mphamvu kugonana. Freud chiphunzitso ake zimasonyeza zigawo zikuluzikulu za umunthu:

1. "Eid" - achibadwidwe chonyamulira.
2. "Cholinga," kapena mawu ena "Ine", umene ukugwira ntchito pa mfundo zenizeni.
3. Kapena "wapamwamba-cholinga," "wapamwamba-wokonda", ndi udindo makhalidwe abwino a munthu.

Ngati mwa zigawo izi pali nkhondo, amayamba kuoneka njira zodzitetezera.

Udindo wa zamaganizo Freudian

Freudianism mu kuwerenga maganizo amatenga chinthu chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kudzera ziphunzitso za Freud, tikhoza kulankhula za mankhwalawa neuroses ndi maganizo yaitali, koma m'pofunika woyamba kupeza chifukwa cha matenda amenewa. Mfundo yaikulu pa chiyambi cha mankhwala makamaka psychoanalysis. Zatsopano ndi ntchito kutsirikidwa, amene anachitika mwa Freud, anasonyeza kuti maganizo osiyana ndi mtima wofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga mwina kusintha khalidwe la mayeso, ngakhale amadziwa zimenezi.

Maziko a zosayembekezereka wa Freudianism

Sigmund Freud pamaziko chidwi yaitali matenda anatha kupanga latsopano, chosadziwika mpaka mfundo maganizo. Freudianism - kumakhalanso chiphunzitso pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zitatu mano Kapangidwe ka umunthu :

1. "Iwo" kukutanthauza kuti njira m'maganizo komwe kumachitika pa mlingo ndi kukomoka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndondomeko izi maganizo agona pa kubadwa kwa mwana Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ndi chibadwa. "Iwo" umalimbana kusangalala mtundu uliwonse, makamaka kugonana.
2. Kapangidwe chachiwiri amatchedwa "Ine". Izo umalimbana, ndi kukhalabe olimba, kotero "Ine" nthawi kumatsutsana ndi "Iwo". Munthu aliyense ali wake "Ine" moyo weniweni ndiyo njira maganizo kuyamba kuonekera patatha ena ndalama zinthu zimene amafuna njira yomweyo. Freud makhalidwe nyumba imeneyi kwa titadziwa, iwo anapanga osati pa mlingo wa chikomokere, komanso preconscious.

3. Kapangidwe lachitatu amatchedwa "wapamwamba-wokonda". Iwo anaona kuti anapeza pa moyo ndi ntchito ngati wotsutsa ndi chikumbumtima. Chotero ngati "Ine" sangathe kulimbana ndi "Iwo", umene umabwera mu mphamvu "superego", amene amachita malinga ndi chikumbumtima. Ngati munthu angathe kukhala nthawi yaitali kupeza yankho lake "wapamwamba-wokonda", Freud zikusonyeza ukhale m'malo mphamvu ndi thandizo la kukambirana kapena kuti maganizo awo mu luso.

ndi Freudian ndi chiyani?

dokotala anu angaimire lamanja mphamvu munthu kuchititsa psychoanalysis. Freudianism zikusonyeza kuti anthu zina, akhoza kupirira yekha ndi vuto, koma kuti psyche pazikhalanso chitetezo ngati satero, ndiye simukhala kuchita popanda thandizo kwa akatswiri odziwa. Pano pali mitundu ikuluikulu chitetezo:

1. Poyamba, chitetezo akuwonetseredwa mu kupondereza ndi yimitsira wamaganizo, amene ankaona si analola.
2. Pamene pali ziyerekezo, ndiye Komanso chikomokere, ndi psyche anthu akuyesera kuti amuchotsepo chilakolako obsessive ndi malingaliro.
3. Kusalumikizana anaonetsanso kusiya mfundo palibe njira, ndiyeno munthuyo pofuna kudzilungamitsa.

Malangizo waukulu Freudianism

Freud chimasiyanitsa zitatu zikuluzikulu cholinga - ndi nkhawa, ofuna zimamvekera. Amaona iwo maziko a zonse zochita anthu Freudianism. Kopita likusonyeza mbali yaikulu asanu chitukuko umunthu:

1. gawo m'kamwa, amenenso kuonekera pa kubadwa Mwachitsanzo, mwana anabadwa, pomwepo amamuchititsa akuyamwitsa m'mawere a mayi.

2. kumatako gawo ndi kutamanda mwana amene kale eni potty.

3. chigololo akuwonetseredwa m'tsogolo, pamene mwana ayamba kulankhula ndi anzawo kuti agonane osiyana ndipo amatha kudziyerekeza ndi ena.

4. zobisika pa nthawi imene chidwi mu makhalidwe chakugonana cha chimazilala ochepa.

5. maliseche akafika pali wathunthu msinkhu.

psychoanalysis ntchito Freudianism

Ngati Freudianism mwachidule kufotokoza zolinga zikuluzikulu za chiphunzitso ichi ndi psychoanalysis kuchiza matenda okhudza ubongo, tinganene kuti:

1. Kulenganso deta onse anasonkhana ngati mbiri, zizindikiro zimene nthenda munthu.
2. Luso angakwanitse chochitika, chimene chinapangitsa choipa kumasula mphamvu anazunzidwa ndi mphamvu kupereka mwayi uwu kusankha njira ina yatsopano.

Psychoanalysis unachitikira kuti tipitirize munthu mavuto awo zosafunika sanathe lidzasanduka gwero lachisokonezo a. Motero malinga Freud, n'zothekanso kupondereza mkangano wa munthu.

oimira Freudianism

Freudian chiphunzitso - maganizo amenewa anali m'tsogolo muno. Oimira chiphunzitso chimenechi anadzakhala ophunzira a Freud. A. Adler penapake reworked chiphunzitso cha mphunzitsi wake kusonyeza kuti chinsinsi psychoanalysis si chilakolako zikuchitika pa mlingo wa chikomokere, ndi chilakolako amanena okha kulikonse anthu. Malinga Adler, njira yonse anafotokozedwa ndi Freud, mwina kudzachitika pokhapo mwana kumva wotsika awo poyerekeza ndi akulu.

nthumwi wina wanzeru ziphunzitso za Freud, Jung ankaona kuti osati kuthandiza chiphunzitso cha mphunzitsi wake, komanso mwachangu anayamba izo, ponena kuti psychoanalysis silingakhoze kokha kukhudza munthu, komanso zimakhudza khalidwe la gulu lonse. malingaliro Freudian anathandiza mwachangu Otto Udindo, amene wapeza zinthu zazikulu mantha ndi nkhawa. Malinga ndi iye, iwo kubisa kumbuyo mu kubadwa anthu, chiphunzitso wake unadziwika ngati "zoopsa kubadwa".

Zikamera wa Wachiwiri-Freudianism

Kumene, chiphunzitso Freud a wakhala milandu onse, chodabwitsa kiyi, kotero ife tikhoza kunena kuti Freudian chiphunzitso - ndi maziko a nayikidwa mu Wachiwiri-Freudianism. psychoanalysis Freud maziko milingo nzeru atatu, ndiye mu malingaliro a munthu aliyense, koma nthumwi neofreydizma amanena kuti otsogolera Zatsala kuti zotsatira yamakolo. Ndi chikoka cha anthu zingachititse nkhondo mkati mwa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, akuona ngati nkhawa mungakumane mwanayo pokhapokha adzalimbana nawo m'dziko loipa.

Ngakhale kuti ziphunzitso ziwiri, ndi Freudianism Wachiwiri-Freudianism, ndi zambiri zosiyana, zochokera onse njira yomweyo chikomokere unatengedwa. Kudana ndi alamu kupulumutsa munthu wovuta, choncho pali kulimbana mkati mwa munthu yekha, ichi ndi chifukwa cha mkangano mkati nokha, chimene chimafuna kuchotsa mwamsanga, kapena mwina akudwala misala.

oimira neofreydizma

Oimira Wachiwiri-Freudianism anali kwambiri kuposa wa Freudianism. The chidwi kwambiri ndi zotheka mayina asayansi angapo. Kotero, Bambo Sullivan, ananena kuti amene amadziwa munthu - si titadziwa chodabwitsa, anapeza, ndipo anapanga potsatira anthu kuti isawonongeke. Ndiko kuti, mwanayo amayamba kubwereza ubale lotha kuti iye amaima monga chitsanzo. umunthu wa mwanayo mwana akhoza kupangidwa ngakhale pa masewera, pamene mwana akucheza ndi anzake.

Erich Fromm mu ntchito yake limasonyeza kuti munthu - osakaniza mfundo chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe. Malinga ndi iye, lonse wa zamaganizo anthu zachokera chikondi moyo ndi chilakolako imfa.

Psychoanalysis zikusonyeza kuti anthu angakhale ndi mtima wofuna kuti gwero lachisokonezo, ngati iye akanakhoza kupeza chikondi ndi luntha anthu. Pakuti aliyense nkofunika kukwaniritsa mogwirizana anthu, kumene iye anachita kuphunzira moyo wawo wonse. Malinga ndi asayansi ambiri, ngati munthu ali wokhoza kuchiritsa, ndiye pali kuthekera chomwe chingabweretse machiritso wathunthu wa anthu.

Tikumbukenso kuti maganizo onse Freudians ndi Wachiwiri-Freudians zingakhudzire komanso moyo chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe. Koma anthu, ndi pa njira ku ungwiro.