Moscow zakale, chimene muyenera kuonetsetsa kukaona: mndandanda wa ndemanga. zakale asilikali Moscow

Pakuti zachikhalidwe cha likulu zambiri tiribe nthawi kuti penyani Muscovites okha - chionetsero latsopano ndi kufotokoza kutsegula mlungu uliwonse. Koma chidwi kwambiri ndi kusonkhanitsa zinthu zochititsa chidwi chachikulu, amene amakhala kuona apaulendo padziko lonse.

Moscow zakale, chimene muyenera kuonetsetsa kukaona:

1. Mbiri Museum.
2. Museum of Wabwino Tirhana dzina la Pushkin.
3. Tretyakov Gallery.
4. Chapakati Museum a magulu ankhondo okhala ndi zida.
5. Bunker-42.
6. Borodino Panorama.
7. Darwin Museum.
8. Zosowa zakale Car Museum.
9. Planetarium.

Ndipotu, Pamndandanda uwu tingathenso kupita kwa stitches osachepera wina makumi awiri, koma kuwawuza chidwi malo onse zikhalidwe nkhani ina n'zosatheka.

Museum mbiri

nyumbayi anakhazikitsidwa mkulu wa Mfumu Alexander II mu 1872. Kwa zaka khumi, anapitiriza kumanga nyumba wotchuka pa Red Square. Ngakhale nkhondo, kusintha ndi coups, zosonkhanitsira wapitiriza kukula. Lero, mu anawasema a nyumba owonetsera zakale zoposa 15 miliyoni mbiri yakale ndipo miliyoni asanu zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho.

Mu 2006, m'nyumbayi anamaliza kulenga chionetserocho okhazikika. Tsopano alendo angalumikizane ndi mbiri ya dziko lathu kuyambira Lazaro wakale, kutsiriza ndi chiyambi cha XX m'ma - zipinda 39 okha. Kutolera zambiri zinthu zina zimene a asilikali lodziwika bwino, abwanamkubwa, kanjedza anthu ndi zithunzi za ndale.

Alendo ena kuti m'nyumbayi zovuta kuyenda popanda kalozera. The kufotokoza ndi chidwi kwambiri, koma osati chifukwa chololera kuphunzira. Kuipa kwa gawo lalikulu, ikukhudzana bwanji ndi gawo gulu:

• Manja wopanda chilema malonda malonda;
• m'zipinda chionetsero pali khitchini wa odyera kununkhira.

Sudzakhala wotopetsa

Ngati ambiri boma zakale wa Moscow, Historical Museum amasunga ndi nthawi. Inu simungakhoze kukhudza zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wapatali, kawirikawiri kuchitira ana, koma n'zotheka kuyenderana za maulendo ambiri wapadera ed.

Mu nkhani holo ya nyumbayi alendo nawo zokambirana wamkulu, kukambirana semina, kukumana anthu chidwi ndi kufunsa mafunso awo kuti akatswiri. Komanso, mu October polojekiti "Literature Club" unayambitsidwa pa Historical Museum. mawonekedwe misonkhano kumabweretsa ophunzira pa XVIII - zoyambirira za XX atumwi, pamene kutchuka kwambiri anasangalala wolemekezeka zolembalemba salons.

Museum of Wabwino Tirhana dzina la Pushkin

Moscow zakale, ayenera kukaona, ili mu mtima mwa likulu. Mbiri Museum - Red Square, ndi Museum of Wabwino Tirhana. Pushkin - pa msewu mbiri Volkhonka.

M'nyumbayi chinamasulidwa mu 1932. Special laibulale, Numismatic zosonkhanitsira, amatulutsa a ziboliboli yakale yoyendera ndi Miphika ku mndandanda wa Imperial Moscow University chinadzakhala maziko a kukhudzana ndi. Patapita anagula yoyambirira yeniyeni ya ntchito za chikhalidwe ndi luso la Egypt.

Zoposa 670 zikwi zosemasema kusungidwa deta - zakale masiku ano Moscow, kotero buku sangathe kudzitama. Kuti alendowo ndi mbali yaing'ono chabe akupezeka, koma kukhudzana ndi zikusintha. Mwatsoka, zina mwa zojambula zina ndi ziboliboli sadzamva akaonekere kwa anthu, chifukwa iwo amafuna zinthu wapadera yosungirako.

Tretyakov zomera

Tipitirize kunena za zinthu zochititsa chidwi ya Moscow. mndandanda simungathe kulingalira popanda Tretyakov Gallery.

Woyambitsa m'chigawo - Pavel Mihaylovich Tretyakov mu 1856 anapeza ntchito ziwiri za akatswiri Russian Vasily Khudyakov ( "Skirmish ndi ozembetsa Chifinishi") ndi Nikolai Schilder ( "Mayesero"). Zaka zisanu zapitazo woyang'anira, banja lawo linasamukira ku nyumba amadziwika Lavrushinsky Lane.

Tretyakov zosonkhanitsira kudzadza msanga zokwanira, zinali zofunika malo kwa anasonyeza ndi kusunga zosemasema. Pachifukwa ichi ku mbali zogona nyumba kangapo angagwirizanitse malo atsopano, ndipo zaka 1902-1904 kwakhala ankalankhula wapakamwa wotchuka, kulengedwa ndi Viktora Mihaylovicha Vasnetsova.

The Tretyakov Gallery ndi osiyana zakale zina zosonkhanitsira ntchito za akatswiri Russian, chojambulidwa cha theka lachiwiri la m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Vasnetsov, Repin, Serov, Kuindzhi, Levitan, Savrasov, Vrubel, Korovin ndi Shishkin - maina awo zimadziwika padziko lonse, koma Muscovites ndi alendo ndi mwayi wapadera kuona zosemasema moyo.

Alendo taonera m'mlengalenga wochezeka, omwe nthawi zina kuphwanya okhwima "osamalira". Zipinda zimaonetseratu sofas omasuka - timatha inu kukhala ntchito imene mumaikonda luso ndi wolungama zina pang'ono.

Chapakati Museum wa onyamula Zikuchititsa

Mu "zakale Asilikali a Moscow" imatengedwa zofunika kwambiri chapakati Museum wa Mphamvu ndi onyamula, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1919.

Documents anagwidwa ndi asilikali mbendera, mphoto, zida, zithunzi, katundu wa asilikali ndi alonda - oposa miliyoni zakale kusungidwa mu ndalama. Panja ankaimira pafupifupi 157 mayunitsi zida zankhondo, zida, zida zankhondo, ndi zipangizo za panyanja ndi zida.

Asilikali owonetsera zakale mbiri mu Moscow, kumene m'pofunika kukaona ana adzakhala chidwi chirichonse - kuyambira wamng'ono mpaka lalikulu. Zovuta, yomwe ili up. Soviet Army, d. 2, n'kofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko yophunzitsa achinyamata. Mlendo ndemanga kulankhula za zokambirana chipinda zamakono kumene mungayesere pa yunifomu zida ndipo ngakhale kuponya muvi ndi uta kukhudza.

bunker

Chitsanzo zida, zida ndi mawonekedwe - ndi zakale lankhondo la Moscow, monga ulamuliro, ndi exposures ofanana. Pofunafuna zinthu yachilendo kupita "Bunker-42".

"Chidani" ndi azambiriyakale masiku ano amatchedwa asapita pakati pa USSR ndi US, amene anakhala ndithu kusoŵa kwa zaka 40. Mtundu mikono, kuphatikizapo zida za nyukiliya okha pofuna kukwaniritsa zolinga zinthu. Dziko lonse akukonzekera chiyambi cha World nkhondo III, kotero yomanga nkhokwezi kwa anthu oyamba a boma m'njira ndithu.

Pa mtima mwa likulu

Pakuti chinthu chapadera "Bunker-42" chimene m'chigawo Taganka, pafupi ndi boma la Russia. mamangidwe ake anagwirizana pambuyo mayeso oyamba nyukiliya wa USSR. Ntchito yomanga bunker ndi anapatsidwa kwa akatswiri zabwino "Metrostroi" limene sinali ntchito yophweka - osati kuwononga aya mzinda ndipo si kukopa chidwi kwambiri ndi polojekiti.

Kuyambira 1956 1986, kuchokera bunker pa Taganka analamula zoponya mabomba njira ndi zida za nyukiliya ndi pambuyo katunduyo anali anasamukira kudera lina. Today pa "chinsinsi" malo akhoza kukaona lililonse.

Mpweya kachitidwe, malo, zipinda zazikulu, zida ndi njira zolankhulirana, m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana chipika lamulo - m'nyumba anapereka zitsanzo zida ndi zida, komanso kamangidwe ya bomba la nyukiliya. Small zopelekedwa limatiuza zimene zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za "Chidani".

Alendo cha nyumbayi taonera zinthu zina zimene ayenera kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, makwerero 18 simenti pansi. Ndipo anthu, kupewa malo zolimba, osati nzeru kukonzekera ulendo wa "Bunker-42".

Borodino panorama

nthawi ina ya mbiri owonetsera zakale odzipereka kwa panorama "Nkhondo ya Borodino". Kumanga pa mapeto Kutuzovskogo Avenue inamangidwa 150 chikumbutso cha nkhondo lodziwika bwino. Kuno sanasankhe mwangozi, chifukwa apa panali zaka Smolensk kodutsa mu mudzi wa Fili, kumene bungwe la nkhondo unachitikira mu September 1812.

Sankhani zakale wa Moscow, kumene m'pofunika kudzandichezera? Reviews nsangala chimakamba za panorama wapadera "Nkhondo ya Borodino". Mlembi wa chionetsero chachikulu chinali Frants Rubo. Ngakhale chiyambi French, nkhondo zojambulajambula ankaona ndekha Russian. kupenta lodziwika bwino analengedwa ndi dongosolo la dipatimenti asilikali 1912.

Ndi kufika ulamuliro wa Soviet ntchito luso anayamba nthawi yovuta. Choyamba, mu 1918, anali anagwetsa nyumbayi owonetsera zakale pa amatunga Oyera, ndi ukonde "anagwidwa" osati kusinthidwa kwa malo osungira ndi zapansi. Ndiye iye akupita kuchotsa utoto ndi ntchito chuma cha dziko. Mwamwayi, kukanidwa. Roubaud linakhalanso ntchito, ndi latsopano owonetsera zakale nyumba anatsegula mu 1962.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, alondawo panorama anatha kusonkhanitsa kwambiri ndithu kufotokoza kuwauza za Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812. Part m'chigawo khama Field polimbana Kutuzov: zinthu zina, zithunzi ndi mabuku mbiri yake. Kuwonetsa "Dziko Lathu Kupeza" kudziwa alendo ndi moyo wa asilikari Russian - pano mutha kuona zida ndi yunifolomu ya oyenda, asilikali okwera pamahatchi ndi zida zankhondo.

Malinga ndi ndemanga alendo, mtengo wa "Borodino Panorama" si osiyana zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho. Anazolowera ntchito zawo atsogoleri mowolowa manja kugawana mfundo mbiriyakale kuti amatipatsa mphamvu ya kunyada dziko lawo.

Darwin Museum

Kuyang'ana zinthu zochititsa chidwi ku Moscow, kumene kuli koyenera kupita ndi ana? The State Darwin Museum Zidzakhala zosangalatsa ana ndi akulu omwe.

Kuyambira ndili mwana, woyambitsa wa dzina lake Aleksandr Fedorovich Kots Museum anasonyeza chidwi ndi chilengedwe. Mu zaka 19, Coates anapita ulendo woyamba, komwe adalandira ndalama zosaneneka zinachitikira kukongola Western Siberia, ndipo anayamba kuphunzira taxidermy. Choyamba mbalame modzaza Anakhalanso maziko zosonkhanitsira m'tsogolo.

Patapita kanthawi, anakumana ndi Alexander F. katswiri Fridrihom Lorentsom, amene anali zabwino taxidermist shopu mu Moscow. Modzaza, opangidwa kuchokera Lorenz, anagula pafupifupi onse odziwika Zoological owonetsera zakale ya World Old. Coates osati nzeru, koma ankafunanso kudzaza chopereka chanu, ngakhale zinthu yaing'ono ndalama. Dzina lake Aleksandr Fedorovich Kots limatanthauza "pang'ono pang'ono" anasonkhanitsa zosonkhanitsira wofanana kuti kulibe lero.

"Dzidziweni - Kudziwa World"

Chaka zapitazo, m'nyumbayi anayamba malo zokambirana "Dzidziweni - Kudziwa dziko." Apa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zachilengedwe molumikizana ndi luso lamakono aitane alendo wamng'ono ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za nyama ndi zomera moyo padziko lathuli.

A nambala yaikulu maganizo ndi zokumana adzakhala nanu atapita - izo ayenera zakale amenewa mu Moscow, umene muyenera ndithudi kudzacheza. alendo alendo akulangizidwa kukonzekera ulendo wa Darwin Museum kwa tsiku kuti kwambiri ulendo wa.

Kalembedwe Retro

Retro Moscow owonetsera zakale zimatengera ife ku m'mbuyomu. Best wa onse, mu maganizo a alendo ntchito kulimbana owonetsera zakale Rogozhskoe Val, pamene anasonkhana magalimoto yakale yoyendera.

Milimo ya kale kukonza galimoto chopereka wapadera mu 2003, amene akupitirizabe mosalekeza kudzadza. alonda ake ali wokonzeka kupereka magalimoto moyo wachiwiri kuchokera zopereka payekha, kaya ndi. Akusonyeza m'nyumbayi amatiuza za patsogolo luso, chitukuko cha sayansi ndi mafashoni zochita za m'mbuyomu.

M'bwalo lina la ku anasonyeza onse "mtundu" wa makampani zoweta galimoto: IZ, Moskvich, GAZ ndi ZAZ. Alendo akhoza kuona ZIS 101. Woyamba kalasi galimoto, zinakonzedwa Soviet Union, anali okonzeka ndi wailesi, ndi imodzi ya mkati mkangano ndi mbali zina za mitundu zina za mumamera.

Pafupifupi onse zakale wa Moscow, kumene m'pofunika pitani, ndi zipinda zosungiramo yaikulu. The Museum magalimoto mpesa mu okwana ankaimira mayunitsi 260. Mukhoza kuona nokha iwo kapena kuti mudziwe zambiri zosangalatsa mothandizidwa ndi kalozera. Komanso, osunga zopereka kupereka kuyenderana a maulendo ndi thematic.

planetarium

Ndani mwa ife amene analota monga mwana kukhala ndi wokayenda pamwezi? Ngakhale ngati mwasankha ntchito ina - musataye mtima, koma yang'anani pa "nyenyezi" wa Moscow zakale. Mndandanda walunjika Planetarium.

The mzikiti waukulu ku Ulaya, kumene inu mungakhoze kuwona nyenyezi ili likulu. Hall 1000 sq. mamita ali okonzeka ndi wapadera CHIKWANGWANI chamawonedwe nyenyezi kuthambo purojekitala kusonyeza alendo oposa 9 zikwi kuthwanima nyenyezi.

Urania maholo a m'nyumbayi zoyenera mbiri ya chitukuko cha njira ndi zipangizo kudziwa wa chilengedwe chonse, komanso mbiri ya Planetarium. A malo apadera zikukwana ali wotanganidwa ndi "alendo" kwa danga - meteorites. miyala iyi apezeka panthawi zosiyanasiyana padziko lapansili, akhala magwero kwambiri zambiri. Mwa njira, alendo kuona kuti meteorites ali poyera zilipo - kutanthauza kuti iwo angakhoze kugwiridwa ndi dzanja ndipo nenani cholakalaka.

The Planetarium bokosi ofesi adakali kundanda mu mizere yaitali, choncho makamaka zogwirizana matikiti kudzera pawebusaiti yovomerezeka ya nyumbayi. Ambiri a maganizo abwino analandira za mafilimu malo, zomwe zikuonetsa alendo onse.

Mndandanda wa "Moscow osungirako zakale, kumene ayenera-kukaona" si ndi makumi angapo maofesi a chikhalidwe. Tengani nthawi komanso khama kupeza zinthu zatsopano!