Mitundu Chakale Music: Akale ndi Ano

"Chakale nyimbo" ndi "nyimbo zachikhalidwe" - awiri kwathunthu ofanana mawu, free ku chimango terminology kuwalitsa mapangidwe kwambiri chikhalidwe nyimbo, tanthauzo lake mbiri ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko zina. Nthawi zambiri mawu akuti "nyimbo zachikhalidwe" m'malo mwa mawu akuti "maphunziro nyimbo".

Nkhani ya

Kaya terminology nyimbo zachikhalidwe ali yotsimikizika chiyambi mbiri, kugwirizana ndi mochedwa Chenicheni nyengo ya nthawi Chakale. Ndakatulo ndi dramaturgy pa nthawi anali zochokera ntchito za olemba wakale, ndi njira imeneyi umatchedwanso chikhalidwe nyimbo. Utatu - nthawi ndi malo kanthu, akhala anamvera mu mtundu wanyimbo wa zisudzo ndi Mitundu ina nyimbo kugwirizana ndi magwero zolembalemba. Oratorios, cantatas anasenza sitampu ya classicism, mtundu wa muyezo wa zaka 17-19. The masewero a akupondereza libretto, olembedwa pa nthawi zakale.

kukhala

Pafupifupi onse Mitundu nyimbo zachikhalidwe mwa njira ina chokhudzana ndi nyengo ya zachikhalidwe. Wolemba Glück anali mmodzi wa otsatira olemekezeka a chikhalidwe wakale nyimbo, iye anatha kukumana ndi malamulo onse a nthawi ntchito zawo. Nthawi ya m'mbuyomu yodziwika ndi bwino mgwirizano mfundo, ndi ndondomeko zomveka bwino, mogwirizana ndi, Chofunika kwambiri, kukwaniritsa nyimbo zachikhalidwe. Komabe, kusiyana Mitundu kunachokera pamene polyphony pang'onopang'ono koma anakana, ndipo malo ake Rose pafupifupi mwamasamu anatsekula tanthauzo polemba chinenero chimenechi. M'kupita kwa nthawi, Mitundu nyimbo zachikhalidwe alandira digiri yapamwamba ya maphunziro.

The za zisudzo soloed maphwando akhala ndinasintha akanagonjetsa mawu m'munsichi, koma poyamba onse nawo ntchito anali ofanana. Mfundo ulamuliro Polemeretsedwa phokoso la libretto watenga mawonekedwe osiyana kwambiri ndi ulaliki anali ed ndi operatic. Komanso otembenuka ensembles malangizo, payekha zida anasamukira patsogolo, pansiyi anali kumbuyo.

Music Mitundu, mumaganiza ndi masitaelo

Pamene chaka chakale latsopano nyimbo "zitsanzo" zinalengedwa. Mitundu Chakale nyimbo anakhala ambiri m'zaka 18 mochedwa. Orchestra, gulu loyimba, payekha-m'pofunika symphonic magulu anatsatira makamaka malamulo atsopano a nyimbo, ndi improvisation amachepa.

Kodi kusiyana Mitundu nyimbo zachikhalidwe? mndandanda uli motere iwo:

• Kusiyana;
• nthetemya;
• sewero la;
• zoimbidwa zoimbaimba;
• cantatas;
• oratorio;
• Preludes ndi Fugues;
• sonata;
• Maapatimenti;
• toccata;
• zongopeka;
• limba nyimbo;
• nocturnes;
• amapilira nthetemya;
• mkuwa nyimbo;
• kum'sangalatsa;
• Music Misa;
• masalmo;
• elegy;
• etudes;
• Choir ngati njira nyimbo.

chitukuko

Pofika m'ma 18 oimba atumwi anasonkhana mwachisawawa, ndipo zikuchokera awo anatsimikiza ndi Woipeka. Woyambitsa nyimbo anayenera kumanga mankhwala awo kwa zida zenizeni, nthawi zambiri anali ochepa zingwe ndi mkuwa. Kenako, panali magulu nthawi zonse, mokwanira zogwirizana magawowa citukuko ca mtundu wanyimbo a nthetemya zoimbidwa nyimbo. magulu awa anali nalo dzina, ndipo tinakaona zonse sovershestvovalis mkati m'dera lotsatira.

Mu zaka za m'ma 19 mu mndandanda wa nyimbo Mitundu, angapo malangizo atsopano. Amenewa anali concertos kwa clarinet ndi Banda, orgána Orchestra ndi ma. Komanso panali otchedwa Sinfonietta, kanthawi chidutswa cha nyimbo ndi nawo oimba lonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo anakhala yapamwamba requiem.

Olemba nthawi Chakale, Johann Sebastian Bach ndi ana ake, Kristof Glyuk, oimira Italy ndi Mannheim Opera anapanga Viennese chakale sukulu, amenenso m'gulu Haydn, Mozart ndi Beethoven. Mu ntchito za ambuye awa anali mitundu tingachipeze powerenga za nthetemya, sonata, zidutswa malangizo. Kenako ananyamuka chipinda ensembles, limba atatu, zamitundumitundu zosiyanasiyana zingwe quintets.

Viennese chakale nyimbo wa malemu nyengo Chakale anapita bwino mu nyengo yotsatira, nthawi ya romanticism. Oimba ambiri anayamba kulemba m'njira free, ntchito yawo ndiyeno kupitirira malamulo maphunziro a m'mbuyomu. Pang'onopang'ono zolinga nzeru mabwana anazitcha "chitsanzo chabwino".

Afufuze nthawi

Mitundu ya nyimbo zachikhalidwe anapitiriza kusintha, ndipo m'kupita kwa mtima kwawo anali i wounikira, limene derivation wa digirii ntchito yaluso, phindu lake m'tsogolo. nyimbo wapirira mayeso a nthawi, kwenikweni m'gulu makonsatiwo repertoire pafupifupi onse oimba. Kotero izo zinali ndi ntchito za Dmitri Shostakovich.

M'zaka za m'ma 19 panali pofuna m'kagulu Mitundu nyimbo zachikhalidwe, ena gulu otchedwa nyimbo kuwala. Zinali operetta, amene mwamsanga kuitana "poluklassikoy". Komabe, mtundu wanyimbo Posakhalitsa linalandira ufulu kwathunthu, ndipo kuloŵerera yokumba sizinali zofunikira.