Chofunikira kwambiri pa spreadsheet ndicho ... Zomwe zimayambira pa Excel spreadsheet

Wolemba aliyense wa PC wamakono yemwe wakhala akuyang'anizana ndi pulogalamu ya Microsoft Office, yomwe ndi yofala kwambiri masiku ano, amadziwa kuti pali MS Excel ntchito yake. Tsopano tiona mfundo zazikuluzikulu za spreadsheets. Kupititsa, kufotokozera mwachidule za zigawo zazikulu za kapangidwe ka zinthu zamatabwa ndi deta ndipo zina mwazochita zawo zidzaperekedwa.

Kodi tsamba la Excel ndi chiyani?

Pulogalamu yoyamba ya pulogalamu ya Excel inayamba mu 1987, pamene Microsoft inatulutsa ofesi yotchuka kwambiri ya mapulogalamu ndi mapulogalamu, ogwirizanitsa ndi dzina la MS Office.

Ndipotu, Excel spreadsheet ndi chida chothandizira kupanga masamu a mitundu yonse ndi zovuta zowonjezereka. Izi zikuphatikizapo masamu ndi algebra, ndi geometry, ndi trigonometry, ndikugwira ntchito ndi matrices, ndi kusanthula masamu, ndi njira ya zovuta kwambiri zowerengera, ndi zina zambiri. Mwachidziwikire zonse zomwe ziri zenizeni zenizeni za ndondomekoyi zimaperekedwa pulogalamu yokha. Ntchito za spreadsheets ndizoti ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri sadziwa okha za iwo, samakayikira ngakhale kuti pulogalamuyi ndi yamphamvu bwanji. Koma za chirichonse mu dongosolo.

Kuyamba ndi Zowonjezera

Kamodzi akatsegula pulogalamu ya Excel, amawona tebulo lopangidwa kuchokera ku zomwe zimatchedwa kuti template. Malo opangira ntchito ali ndi mizati ndi mizera, njira yopangira maselo. Kumvetsetsa kwa ntchito ndi mitundu yonse ya deta, chinthu chachikulu cha spreadsheet ndi selo, chifukwa chiri momwemo.

Selo lirilonse lili ndi chiwerengero chokhala ndi maina a ordinal a mzere ndi mzere, komabe, izo zingakhale zosiyana m'mawu osiyana a ntchitoyo. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2003, selo yoyamba, yomwe ili pambali ya "A" ndi mzere "1", imatchedwa "A1". Mu 2010, njira iyi idasinthidwa. Pano chizindikirocho chikuyimiridwa mu mawonekedwe a manambala ndi manambala, koma mu kufotokozera mndandanda ndondomekoyi imatchedwa "C", ndipo mizere ngati "R". Anthu ambiri samvetsa chifukwa chake izi zili choncho. Koma apa zonse ziri zophweka: "R" ndilo kalata yoyamba ya mawu a Chingelezi (mzere, mzere), ndipo "C" ndilo kalata yoyamba ya mawu (column).

Idatha deta

Ponena za mfundo yakuti zofunika pa spreadsheet ndi selo, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa kuti zimakhudza deta yeniyeni yokhayo (zoyenera, malemba, malemba, zida zogwira ntchito, ndi zina zotero). Deta mu maselo ikhoza kukhala ndi mtundu wosiyana. Ntchito yosintha mawonekedwe a selo ikhoza kuyitanidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zamkati pamene PCM imasindikizidwa (dinani pomwe).

Deta ikhoza kuwonetsedwa pamasamba, nambala, peresenti, exponential, ndalama (ndalama), fractional ndi nthawi mawonekedwe, komanso mawonekedwe a tsiku. Kuwonjezera apo, mukhoza kufotokozera magawo ena owonjezera pa malo amtundu kapena malo pomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito manambala.

Zenera lalikulu pa pulogalamuyi

Ngati muyang'ana pawindo lalikulu lazenera, muwona kuti muyeso yeniyeni, tebulo ikhoza kukhala ndi mizere 256 ndi 65536 mizere. Pansi pa ma tebulo ndi ma tepi. Pali atatu mwa fayilo yatsopano, koma mukhoza kufunsa zambiri. Ngati tiganiza kuti chinthu chachikulu pa tsambali ndi pepala, lingaliro limeneli liyenera kukhala lofotokozedwa ndi zomwe zili m'mapepala osiyanasiyana osiyana siyana omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mopotoka pofotokoza ma fomu ndi ntchito zoyenera.

Ntchito zoterezi zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri popanga chidule cha matebulo, malipoti, kapena machitidwe ovuta kupanga. Mwapadera, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti ngati pali deta yosakanikirana pamapepala osiyanasiyana, zotsatira zake mukasintha maselo ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapepala amawerengedwa mosavuta popanda kubwezeretsanso ndondomeko kapena ntchito yosonyeza izi kapena kudalira kwa mitundu ndi zovuta.

Pamwamba ndi gulu lokhala ndi ma menus angapo apamwamba, ndipo pansipa pamzerewu. Kulankhula za deta yomwe ili mu maselo, tikhoza kunena kuti chinthu chachikulu cha spreadsheet ndicho chiganizochi, chifukwa chakuti malemba kapena mawerengedwe a manambala alowa mu maselo kapena mayendedwe ndi zokhudzana ndi ntchito zimayikidwa pamzere wokha . M'lingaliro lowonetsa chidziwitso, chingwe chachindunji ndi selo ndi chimodzimodzi. Zoona, chifukwa cha chingwe, kupanga kapena kufotokoza mtundu wa deta sikugwira ntchito. Ichi ndi chida chowoneka komanso chowongolera.

Mafomu mu ma Excel spreadsheets

Panjira, pali zambiri mwa pulogalamuyo. Ena mwa iwo sakudziwika ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri. Inde, kuti mumvetse zonsezi, mukhoza kuwerenga mosamalitsa buku lomwelo, koma pulogalamuyi imaperekanso mwayi wapadera wokonzetsa njirayi.

Ngati mutsegula " f _x " batani (kapena " = " chizindikiro) kumanzere, mndandanda udzawonetsedwa, zomwe mungasankhe zomwe mukuzifuna, zomwe zidzasunga wosuta kuti alowe mwachindunji.

Pali mankhwala amodzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Ichi ndi ntchito yamagalimoto, yomwe imayimilidwa ngati batani pa toolbar. Apa, inunso, njirayi siidzalandidwenso. Zokwanira kuyika selo mumzere ndi mzere pambuyo pasankhidwayo, komwe akuyenera kuwerengedwa, ndipo dinani pa batani. Ndipo ichi si chitsanzo chokha.

Dongosolo lophatikizana, mapepala, mafayilo ndi zolemba zamtanda

Malinga ndi maulumikizano ophatikizana, deta yochokera kumalo ena mu chikalata ichi, fayilo yachitatu, deta kuchokera ku intaneti kapena script yomwe ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ingagwirizane ndi selo iliyonse ndi pepala. Izi zimakuthandizani ngakhale kusunga malo osokoneza komanso kuchepetsa kukula koyambirira kwa chikalatacho. Mwachidziwikire, ndi momwe mungakhazikitsire mgwirizano wotero, nkofunikira kumvetsetsa mosamala. Koma, monga akunena, padzakhala chikhumbo.

Zowonjezera, zithunzi ndi ma grafu

Malingana ndi zida zowonjezereka ndi zokhoza, MS Excel spreadsheets amapatsa wosuta ufulu wosankha. Popanda kutchula zina zowonjezeredwa kapena zopangidwa ndi Java kapena Visual Basic scripts, tiyeni tiyimire pakupanga zida zojambula zojambula zowonera zotsatira zowunika.

N'zoonekeratu kuti kujambula tchati kapena kumanga grafu malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa deta pamanja, ndikuyika chinthu chophatikizira mu tebulo monga fayilo yapadera kapena fano lokhazikitsidwa si chinthu chomwe aliyense akufuna.

Ndicho chifukwa chake chilengedwe chawo chogwiritsira ntchito chikugwiritsidwa ntchito posankha mtundu ndi mtundu. Zikuwoneka kuti zimachokera kudera lina la deta. Monga momwe mukugwiritsira ntchito ma grafu ndi malemba, tingatsutsane kuti chinthu chachikulu cha spreadsheet ndi malo osankhidwa kapena malo angapo pamapepala osiyana kapena maofesi osiyanasiyana, zomwe zidzatengedwa kuchokera ku zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana ndi zovomerezeka zamakono.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mafyuluta

Nthawi zina, mungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito mafayilo apadera omwe amaikidwa pazithunzi imodzi kapena zingapo. Mu mawonekedwe ophweka, amathandizira kufufuza deta, malemba kapena chikhalidwe chonse. Mwadzidzidzi, zotsatira zonse zopezeka zidzawonetsedwa mosiyana.

Ngati pali zowonjezera, pamodzi ndi deta yosankhidwa ya mzere umodzi, zotsalira zomwe zili m'makalata ena ndi mizere zidzawonetsedwa. Koma ichi ndi chitsanzo chosavuta, chifukwa aliyense wosuta fyuluta ali ndi submenu yake ndi zofufuza zina kapena malo enaake.

Kutsiliza

Inde, kuganizira mu nkhani imodzi zonse zomwe zili mu MS Excel phukusi pulogalamu sizingatheke. Zomwe zilipo apa n'zotheka kumvetsa kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zikuluzikulu zomwe zili mu matebulo, zogwirizana ndi vuto lililonse, komanso zochepa zomwe zimagwira ntchito pulogalamu yapaderayi. Koma kuti mumvetse bwino izi muyenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama. Kawirikawiri, ndi omanga okha sadziwa nthawi zonse zomwe ana awo angathe.