Mitsempha ya magazi a unyolo: kufotokoza, kapangidwe ndi mbali

Annelid mphutsi - pafupifupi zamtundu waukulu wa nyama apamwamba, free moyo mu nthaka, nyanja ndi madzi abwino. Mtundu wa mphutsi ali ndi gulu zovuta kuposa roundworms kapena mosabisa.

Mu mphutsi mitundu ringed kwa nthawi yoyamba kuoneka M'mimbamo sekondale, mwadongosolo dongosolo kotunga magazi ndi wamanjenje dongosolo.

Unyolo: kapangidwe

In-gawo mtanda zayamba zozungulira thupi. Wapakati kutalika - za 30 cm ndi wosiyana zigawo 150-180, kapena zigawo .. Lamba, lomwe ndi wachitatu kutsogolo kwa thupi, imagwira ntchito yake mu nthawi ya kugonana (unyolo - ziwaloziwiri). M'mbali mwa zigawo ndi anayi bwino anayamba yaing'ono bristles zovuta. Iwo amathandiza kuti kusamutsidwa kwa thupi nyongolotsi m'nthaka.

Mtundu pabuka bulauni ng'ombe, ndi pa mimba pang'ono opepuka kuposa kumbuyo.

kufunikira zachilengedwe

Mitsempha ya magazi ndi pa nyama zonse kuyambira vtorichnopolostnyh annelids. Inakhalapo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito moyo (poyerekeza Mwachitsanzo, flatworms). Moyo likuyenda nthawi zonse amafuna khola wolimba ntchito akulu, womwe amachititsa kufunika kuonjezera maselo aziwapatsa mpweya ndi zakudya, zomwe zitha kupulumutsa magazi.

ndi mitsempha ya magazi a unyolo chiyani? Mitsempha ziwiri zikuluzikulu - kumbuyo ndi pamimba. Aliyense gawo pakati mitsempha anayesedwa looped ziwiya. Awa, ena pang'ono unakhuthala wokutidwa ndi minofu minofu. Mu zotengera, kuchita ntchito ya mtima minofu, kudula, akukankha magazi mu mtsempha wamagazi ndi m'mimba. Mphete "mtima" wa kukwanilitsa mtsempha wamagazi msana ndi mavavu wapadera kuti musataye otaya magazi kolakwika kupita. Ziwiya zonse anawagawa zopezera yaikulu ya capillaries abwino. Mpweya iwo amabwera mpweya ku matumbo kuyamwa zakudya. Capillaries amene ali minofu minofu, kupereka mpweya woipa ndi mankhwala a kuwonongeka.

Magazi dongosolo unyolo kutsekedwa, monga kwa nthawi ya kayendedwe si kusakaniza ndi M'mimbamo madzimadzi. Izi zimathandiza kuwonjezera kwambiri mlingo wa kagayidwe. Nyama zomwe mulibe magazi dongosolo ikukoka, kutenthetsa pansipa kawiri.

Mitsempha ya magazi a unyolo

Zakudya kuti pamene mawere intestine kayendedwe mphutsi, anagawira kudzera m'thupi bwino anapanga.

chiwembu ake ndi zovuta chokwanira mtundu uwu wa nyama. Pamwamba ndi pansi pa matumbo pamodzi thupi lonse ndi ziwiya. chotengeracho kudutsa mu nsana, zida ndi minofu. Iye, m'mbuyo ndipo anatambasula, undulating amakankhira magazi kuchokera ku kutsogolo kwa thupi. The zigawo kutsogolo (mu Mitundu ina ya mphutsi ndi 7-11, Y ena - 7-13) chotengera woyendayenda pa nsana, wakhala inanena ndi awiriawiri angapo nsupa anakafika yopingasa kwa akuluakulu (kawirikawiri 5-7). Mitsempha ya magazi a unyolo zotengera simulates mitima. Minofu apanga kwambiri wamphamvu kuposa ena, kotero iwo ndi mkulu wa dongosolo lonse.

mbali zinchito

Ntchito ya mitsempha ya magazi a unyolo ndi ofanana ntchito za nyama zimene zili hemodynamics. Magazi akutuluka mtima, itagwa cholandirira ili mu zonse m'mimba. Ndi gulu kuti mapeto kumbuyo kwa maselo mphutsi. Pa njira yake magazi awa amanyamula zakudya mu zotengera ang'onoang'ono ili makoma maselo. Akangotha msinkhu kumene, utuluke magazi ndi kumaliseche.

Kapangidwe ka mitsempha ya magazi a unyolo ndi ziwiya aliyense limba ikuyenda mu capillaries zazing'ono. Magazi utuluke izi m'zotengera oyenerera kudutsa waukulu, umene magazi amatuluka mtsempha wamagazi ndi dorsal. Minofu ndi ziwiya zonse magazi, angakhale ang'ono. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti magazi si stagnate, makamaka periphery ya dongosolo kotunga magazi a mtundu umenewu annelid.

matumbo

Mu gawo ili la Thupi la mphutsi ndi makamaka wandiweyani capillary plexus. Amaoneka kuti entangle wa intestine. Part wa capillaries amabweretsa zakudya, gawo lina kuwatengera thupi lonse. Minofu Mitsempha azinga intestine a mtundu wa annelid, osati mphamvu ngati dorsal chotengera kapena mtima.

magazi zikuchokera

Mitsempha ya magazi a unyolo pa gleam wofiira. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti thunthu mu magazi ofanana mu dongosolo mankhwala kuti hemoglobin, magazi kulowa zikuchokera inakhala. kusiyana lake lili kuti zinthu zimenezi zimapezeka plasma (mbali madzi magazi zikuchokera) mu njira osati maselo magazi. Magazi a unyolo wa - ndi maselo popanda mtundu, wa mitundu yambiri. Iwo amapanga ofanana ndi maselo colorless amapanga magazi a inakhala.

Yonyamula maselo mpweya

Maselo mpweya peresenti kupuma inasamutsidwa kuchoka hemoglobin. nyongolotsi magazi mankhwala ofanana mu zikuchokera, kumathandizanso mpweya maselo zonse za thupi. Kusiyana komwe kulipo ndi mphutsi kupuma palibe. Iwo "pokoka mpweya" ndi "kutulutsa" wa pamwamba thupi.

The woonda zoteteza filimu (cuticle) wa khungu ndi epithelia wa mbozi ndi maukonde mkulu khungu capillary zipangitsa mayamwidwe wabwino wa mpweya mpweya. Capillary kangaude waukulu zedi moti palibe ngakhale epithelium lapansi. Choncho, mwazi umayenda mwa zotengera thupi Mpanda ndi ziwiya yopingasa mwa njira yaikulu ya tsinde, kuti thupi lonse limayenda ndi oxygen. The pabuka hue thupi la mtundu ringed akuupereka kwambiri capillary khoma maukonde.

Apa ife tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti woonda filimu okuta thupi la unyolo (cuticle), mosavuta kwambiri wothira. Choncho, mpweya uli kusungunuka choyamba ndi madzi madzi, imene ikuchitikira cutaneous epithelium. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti khungu inayenera kukhala lonyowa. Choncho, zimaonekeratu kuti chinyezi wa chilengedwe - mkhalidwe zofunika pa moyo wa nyama.

Ngakhale kuyanika pang'ono khungu anasiya kupuma. Pakuti mitsempha ya magazi a unyolo ndi wosatenga maselo oxygen. Osati kale kwambiri kuti kupulumuka wotere, ntchito katundu zoweta madzi. Kupulumutsidwa zopangitsa ili mu khungu. Zinthu amakhala kwenikweni pachimake unyolo amayamba kutaya wa M'mimbamo madzimadzi, mbali vybryzgivaya izo kuyambira pamenepo anaika kumbuyo.

M'mimba ndi machitidwe mantha

, nyongolotsi m'mimba dongosolo imakhala foregut, pakati ndi kumbuyo. Chifukwa cha kufunika kukhala yogwira m'mimba dongosolo la, nyongolotsi izo wopyoza magawo angapo kusintha. Kapepala kakuti m'mimba anaonekera m'madipatimenti, omwe anali atathana ntchito yeniyeni.

Thupi waukulu dongosolo - matumbo chubu. Iwo agawidwa M'mimbamo m'kamwa, pharynx, kum'mero, m'mimba (minofu thupi), pakati ndi intestine kumbuyo, chotulukira.

Mu mmero ndi pakhosi zopangitsa kuchoka ducts kuti zimakhudza akukankha chakudya. The midgut chakudya kukonzedwa ndi mankhwala ndi malonda a chimbudzi ali odzipereka mu m'magazi. Zatsalira kunja kupyolera chotulukira lapansi.

Utali wonse wa ng'ombe mphutsi ku peritoneum ndi akudutsa chingwe mitsempha. Motero, aliyense gawo ali chitukuko yake ya apezeka mantha. Patsogolo pa chingwe mitsempha ndi annular mlatho wokhala ndi mfundo ziwiri zolumikizana. Iyo imatchedwa peripharyngeal mitsempha mphete. Iwo diverges ku zopezera molekezera mitsempha onse pa thupi.

M'mimba, magazi ndi mantha dongosolo la unyolo imavuta kwambiri, chifukwa patsogolo mtundu wonse wa annelids. Choncho, poyerekeza ndi zina mphutsi, iwo ndi gulu labwino kwambiri.