St. Lawrence Island: kufotokoza, malo, zithunzi

Pachilumba cha St. Lawrence - m'gawo limene limabweretsa Alaska (USA) ndi ili mu Bering Strait. Iye dzina lake polemekeza oyera, ndi Eskimos koyambirira uja izo Sivukak.

malo Hrs

St. Lawrence Island lili North Pacific Ocean. Chofotokozera udindo wake chimene iye ali pakati pa Chipangano Chakale ndi Chatsopano Wazolengedwa, pakati pa mayiko a Europe ndi ku Asia ndi North America. Komanso, chilumba anali pa mphambano za m'nyanja awiri - Pacific ndi kozizira, mu Nyanja Bering, yomwe ndi nyanja mmphepete mwa Pacific Ocean. Iwo ali ndondomeko ya 170 °. d. ndi 63 ° c. yakumadzulo. St. Lawrence Island amachotsedwa pa 231 kukafika kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa mzinda wa Nome (United States, Alaska). Ndipo ili 74 Km kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa Chukotka (Russia, Chukotka Peninsula). Chisumbucho chiri 140 kuchokera ndipo m'lifupi - 35 Km.

chikhalidwe

Mtunda mosatsata zobwezedwa, kudzera mwa m'mapiri m'chigwa ndi okwera osiyana. The chimbuzi pano - phiri Atuk - mamita oposa 670 mkulu. M'pofunika kutchula chodabwitsa zachilengedwe - ndi polynya okhazikika. polynya ili kum'mwera kwa chilumbachi. Iye anapanga mosavuta abulusa kum'mawa ndi mphepo kumpoto kutali ayezi pa nyanza mu nyanja. Nyengo apanyanja subarctic, choncho nkhanza kwambiri nyengo ndi chilumba. Photos malo awa akusonyeza kuti zomera pano yosowa kwambiri. The zomera khalidwe la zone Titafika pamalo - otsika-kukula zitsamba, makamaka kozizira msondodzi. Mosiyana ndi zomera pali zinyama yosiyanasiyana. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kuyandikana kwa mafunde amphamvu omwe yambiri zomera, ndi nsomba umene umayenda. chakudya chochuluka amakopeka chambiri nyama ndi mbalame, kulenga pano rookeries. Chaka chilichonse ntchentche pafupifupi 3 miliyoni toyesa wa mbalame nyanja. Kudya kuno amakonda wakuda Guillemot, puffin, Guillemot, mbalameyi tridactyl ndi abakhawa.

nkhani

Chidwi malo sizodabwitsa chifukwa chilumba - ndi otsala a Korinto pakati pa maiko awiri. Apo ayi, mukhoza kunena, "umagawanika" dziko mlatho. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kunali dziko lapansi, limene apaulendo mbiri isanayambe anali mbali ya ulendo wanu m'masiku a yothetsa la America.

chilumbacho anatulukira ndi ulendo Russian kutsogoleredwa ndi Chidanishi wobadwa Russian panyanja kapitawo Vitus Bering. chochitika izi zinachitika mu August 1728, tsiku pamene padali phwando la St. Lawrence.

anthu

Mfundo zosangalatsa za chilumba Pamudzi. Anthu kuno anaonekera za 2 miliyoni zapitazo. Amenewa anali Eskimos ku Alaska ndi Chukotka. Tsopano anthu yuitami otchedwa - pansi pa dzina la chinenero, ngati Chukchi. Ndipo ichi si ngozi. chinenero chawo ndi chikhalidwe ndi kufanana bwino kuti zinenero za anthu a Chukotka. Ndi kuthetsa pachilumbachi mwa munthu mu nthawi ya mbiri isanayambe ndi oyambirira m'mbiri anali ndi khalidwe zosakhalitsa. Nthawi Pamudzi ndi kusiya chilumba anatsatira wina ndi mzake, malingana ndi nyengo ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu kupulumuka. Maphunziro a mafupa a anthu ndi mano pa chisumbu akusonyeza njala zonse. Big Island ntchito ngati malo kusaka, kotero tiwonjezere ku Chile mu nyengo bata akhoza anafika mavuto.

Siberia Yupik anthu ankakhala m'nyumba yozungulira, anawagawa m'magulu awiri. gawo ofunda a nyumba - wamoyo. Mbali ozizira a nyumba malo ambiri zochitika anachita zachuma. anthu asiye chosema fupa yotengedwa chirombo. Ziboliboli munali ziwiya zonse khitchini. Makamaka, kusaka zida ndi zida. Siberia Yupik anthu ankakhulupirira kuti m'mbale nyama kubweretsa zabwino nyama. Ubale ndi nyama yodziwika ndi worldview shamanic. Nyama akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito monga zizindikiro ziweto (zambiri zinali nkhungubwi, walrus, galu). Ndi ubwenzi ndi nyama alimbane wapadera. Choncho, kupha chinsomba zikanakhoza munthu amene anamusankha mzimu wa chirombo. Iye woyesedwa mosamala monga mlendo wake. Pamene pali wina pano, nyama ndi coaxed nyimbo ndi zakumwa. Zonsezi chifukwa Siberia Yupik anthu ankakhulupirira, ngati chinsomba adzabwerera pambuyo pake.

Mimbulu ndi wakupha zinsomba mu zikhulupiliro ndi nthano ankatengedwa nyama imodzi. Chilimwe - matendawo chinsomba m'nyengo yozizira - nkhandwe. M'nyengo yozizira amati ake iye anathandiza alenje kupha nswala.

anthu

Mlendo anthu anthu 4000 ndi zaka za m'ma 18. Izo ndiye anagwa zikuchepa anthu 1,000 ndi anakhalabe pa mlingo lero. 40% ya anthu ndi achinyamata pansi ndi zaka 20. Zikamera wa ku America Russian ndipo palibe kugwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa anthu pachilumbachi. The mlandu njala, amene kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za Inuit anakakamizika kuchoka pa chilumbacho. Photography Komabe, zikusonyeza kuti alipo pano ndi midzi yake. Tsopano pali midzi iwiri: Gambell ndi Savoonga. Iwo anthu makamaka Eskimos.

zilumba US

The chopapatiza, yomwe ili pakati Europe ndi ku Asia ndi North America, malire boma pakati pa maiko awiri - Russia ndi United States. Choncho, chimodzi mwa zilumba - Chirasha, winayo - American.

St. Lawrence Island lili kumpoto kwa Nyanja Bering, kum'mwera kwa Bering Strait, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa a Chukotka Peninsula ndi kumadzulo kwa Alaska. Near gombe Russian ndi chilumba cha St. Lawrence. Mwiniwake ndi ndani? funso limeneli lidzayankhidwa motere: panopa ndi mbali ya dziko la US wa Alaska. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kusintha kwa ndale potengera ndi Bering Strait, m'zilumba zake wadutsa kuchokera ku mayiko ena, kotero tsopano, kuyang'ana pa mapu, n'zosavuta kusochera, kodi boma iwo ali.

Mbiri yakale, chilumba wa United States, ngakhale uli pafupi Chukotka. Mu Bering Strait komanso ali Diomede Island, analandira dzina lake polemekeza woyera omwewo. Pa tsiku la kulemekeza iye, iwo anapeza mwa V. Bering, mmene chilumba cha St. Lawrence. Dzina lachiwiri la Islands Diomede - Island yokhomerera, polemekeza abale, nthawi yoyamba Atawakwapula pa mapu. Big Diomede, inali kumadzulo, wokwatibwa ndi Russia. Kruzenshtern chilumba, yomwe ili kum'mawa, wa United States. Choncho, pakati pa zilumba awiri limati malire. Ndi za mpaka kumbuyo ngati Bering Strait. Fairway (kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Islands Diomede), a United States.

ulamuliro wa utsogoleri

Administratively chilumba ali mu zone kalembera Nome, amene nawonso, gawo la wagawo wina Kupititsa - osati wa bungwe Borough. Izi ndi zenizeni utsogoleri wagawo, alipo mu Alaska. Analengedwa mu malo chiwerengero cha anthu ochepa, kudzikonda bungwe si zotheka, koma kalembera zimenezo. Pakuti mayiko osati wa bungwe boro Alaska lagawidwa m'zigawo 11, chimodzi chimene chikunenedwa zone nom. Anthu pafupifupi wogawana anagawira pakati pa midzi awiri - Gambell ndi Savoonga. mudzi dzina Gambell unatchedwa mphunzitsi woyamba pachilumbachi, amene anafa ndi banja lake lonse mphepo yoopsa pa ngalawa "Dzheyn Gray" mu chaka cha 1898. midzi ina simuli kuno. Ngakhale kuti mpikisano pakati pa midzi mphamvu kumeneko, mzinda wa Gambell mpaka chaka cha 1898 tsoka linali lotchedwa Sivukak Eskimos, ngati chilumba chonsecho, amene adakali aipatsa chapadera kwambiri.

Zocitika za anthu a pachilumbachi

Okhala pachilumbachi zikugwira nsomba, kitoboystvom, fupa kusema. Minyanga ya njovu tsopano si zinapatsira ndi oberezhnym ngati kutanthauza monga kale. Tsopano ndi alendo zogulitsa. Komanso, anthu kuthyola zipatso ndi mazira a mbalame za kutchire nyanja. Mphalapala wawo amadalira kuweta alipo, koma ndi ntchito yatsopano pambuyo kwambiri mphalapala pa chilumba. Bowhead zinsomba ali ncho apa ndalama ngati kuti mudzi Savoonga amatchedwanso "likulu chinsomba a dziko." Komanso, makamu pachaka Whale Festival.

Nthawi zina alendo amabwera pachilumbachi, anakopeka ndi anasiya m'manda a zombo. maganizo wowoneka wa mafupa Akufa mwa kugombe nkhanza ozizira otchulidwa chithunzi.

Pachilumbachi ndi United States

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1952 mpaka mu 1972, mbali ya chilumba cha dziko a asilikali a ku America.

Anthu a pachilumbachi nawo nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse - anatumikira mu Alaska Chathetsa Protection (ATG). Mu 1947, gulu la unatha. Ndipo mu 1952, m'zilumba anapitiriza nawo chitetezo cha chilumba analengedwa ndi Alaska National Alonda. Pa nthawi yomweyo anamanga siteshoni Rada BBC, amene anali udindo chatsekedwa.

Nthawi ya exacerbation nkhondo pakati pa USSR ndi US mu Bering Strait zinachitika zinachitika. 22.06.1955 awiri Soviet womenya anawomberedwa pansi US kazitape ndege zosintha. Adalira unali ndi anthu khumi. Atatu a iwo unalasidwa mu shelling, ndi zinayi kugwa. Anasunga zolemba za mgwirizano wa mayiko, amene amadziwika kuti boma Soviet wosasamala chochitikacho mwamtendere, koma zoona zokhazokha sichinayambe anauza.

Pamene ndege anali pa dera la USSR ndipo anali skirmish, asilikali Russian anaphedwa Pofuna kuchita kuchita chilichonse mayiko kunja. Ndi akufuna boma la Soviet kuti reimburse theka la zomvetsa US kunasonyeza maganizo mtendere. Makamaka chifukwa anali Mukalongosola kuti panali shootout pa tsiku mitambo, pamene aliyense kupita cholakwika chifukwa aone otsika. Motero inathetsedwa.

siteshoni Rada, yomwe ili kumapeto kwa chilumbachi chinali chinthu cha US Air Force ndipo ikuchitika aerokontrol ndi kapewedwe ndi siteshoni polojekiti. M'dera limeneli kwa zaka pachikhalidwe wogwidwa magalimoto mabanja ena Inuit. Patapita nthawi kutsekedwa kwa siteshoni, akuchuluka thanzi chinaoneka anthu. Cancer ndi matenda ena mwa anthu amene anakulira m'dera, zimachitika kawirikawiri. Ulipobe izi, ngakhale kuti United States anali pulogalamu zodula yoyeretsa dera la chiwonongeko cha siteshoni. Zikhomo poizoni PCBs. Kuwunika akupitiriza.

Atachoka anthu asilikali anali ndi ufulu kuiperekeza yomanga mafupa kwa kusema, imene awiri "maenje fupa" wakhala anapeza ndalama yaikulu yopereka thandizo kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipo anthu anapatsidwa ufulu nsomba ndi nyama zamoyo malo amenewa. Kupeza ufulu chinathandiza anthu.