Flatworms. Akuluakulu

Amadziwika khumi ndi awiri ndi theka mitundu zikwi za flatworms. Onse magulu atatu. Kalasi yoyamba zikuphatikizapo turbellarians (ciliary), wachiwiri - flukes, wachitatu - tepi flatworms.

anafika pa nthawi ya Proterozoic. Icho chinali choyamba atatu wosanjikiza nyama ndi amgwirizano chosokonekera. Monga ulamuliro, flatworms ogwirira kudya mogwirizana. nyama Live m'madzi.

Lathyathyathya parasitic mphutsi anaonekera pang'ono. Iwo yodziwika ndi kusintha munthu ziwalo m'mimba, mphamvu. Anthu flatworms izi mu thupi la nyama kapena pa thupi la nsomba. Amayambitsa poizoni, matenda aakulu, kutopa, komanso kuwononga kwambiri kwa dongosolo magazi. flatworms Medical phindu anali woyamba kukonza mwa Scriabin. Academician anayamba sayansi lonse - Helminthology. The amadziwika ndi pamaso pa zamoyo parasitic zipangizo zosiyanasiyana (idioadaptatsy). Choncho, nyama zimenezi zimapezeka suckers mbedza. Iwo yodziwika ndi lalikulu ndi chonde.

flatworms Ciliated

kalasi iyi imakhala mitundu zikwi zitatu. Iwo amakhala makamaka madzi abwino ndiponso m'madzi. Nthawi angapezeke mu nthaka.

Imodzi mwa oimira turbellarians ndi mkaka (woyera) planar. Iye amakhala mu madzi abwino. thupi lake lili tsamba woboola pakati, ndi zisonga kumbuyo kumapeto ndipo anawonjezera patsogolo. Utali planarians dongosolo la masentimita limodzi kapena awiri.

Kubalana wa mtundu uwu ikuchitika onse asexual ndi kugonana m'njira. Mbali yoyamba mtanda kulekana kwa thupi pawiri.

dongosolo Hermaphroditic ubereki, anakonza kovuta. Cross umuna.

flukes

kalasi ukufanizidwa ndi parasitic flatworms mitundu. Iwo amakhala ziwalo ndi peresenti, ndipo anapezeka ku invertebrates. Pali zikwi zinayi mitundu mphutsi izi.

nthumwi imodzi - chiwindi fluke. Kukula kwa thupi lake pepala ngati za zitatu - zisanu masentimita. akulu amakhala ya ndulu ducts a chiwindi, chikhodzodzo ndulu anthu ndi herbivores. Kumbali ventral ndi kutsogolo kwa thupi lake ndi m'mimba ndi m'kamwa sucker. Mothandizidwa ndi zipangizozi flukes wokhoza kusunga mu thupi khamu. Tikumbukenso kuti zolengedwa m'malo bwino anayamba ziwalo nzeru. Monga ikuyandama m'madzi, mphutsi ndi maso.

Flukes ali wakhama kwambiri mitundu. Kuyambira munthu mmodzi mwa sabata akhoza kupita ku mazira miliyoni. chitukuko zina ikuchitika yekha mu madzi. The mosungiramo anapangidwa kuchokera mazira mu mphutsi, amene ayenera kugwera mu gulu wapakatikati.

Asexual magawano mphutsi amapezeka mu thupi la mollusk (wapakatikati khamu). Chifukwa cha kuswana iyi inatulutsa mbadwo wonse wa mphutsi, amene kapangidwe akufanana dongosolo la akulu. Pambuyo pake kutuluka nsombayi thupi ndi kukhazikika pa algae m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Anapanga cysts. Mkati mphutsi izi kupulumuka nthawi zina. Pamodzi ndi chakudya kapena madzi ozama majeremusi mu thupi la munthu kapena nyama.

Chiwindi flukes - hermaphrodites. kubereka ikuchitika chomaliza khamu thupi.

tapeworms

kalasi kuli mitundu zikwi zitatu mitundu parasitic. Anthu pafupifupi onse okha mu matumbo a anthu ndi nyama zimene zili zosiyanasiyana.

Tapeworms ndi ribbonlike thupi ongokhala khosi ndi (gawo limene mwana Mphukira zigawo), ndi zigawo mutu, omwe akubwerezedwa dongosolo ziwaloziwiri kubalana. zigawo okhwima anakonza m'dera kumbuyo kwa thupi ndi kudzazidwa ndi mazira ndi umuna.

Tapeworms mwina ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 0.5 millimeters kuti meters khumi.

Membala la gulu ndi Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi. kukula amachokera khomo pachibelekeropo. Mu wamkulu Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi parasitic mu intestine waung'ono anthu kuika malinga a thupi la suckers anayi.