Mawu ndi miyambi pa mutu wakuti "adzadziwire Human"

Popeza chikhalidwe kumanga anthu, ndiye munthuyo anati kwambiri, ngakhale kwambiri. Ife unconventionally tikuyandikira njira ya vuto "Miyambo pa" Munthu-munthu "." Apachiyambi kwagona kuti ndidzakupatsa owerenga njira ina kufufuza kulenga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muphunzira za olemba amene mabuku kwathunthu kapena mwina zoyenera vuto la munthu.

Fridrih Nitsshe: "Munthu chingwe anatambasula pakati pa nyama ndi overman"

Misa chikumbumtima abwera kusonkhana dzina la Nietzsche ndi Fascism. Monga, iye anali ideologue wa kukuchititsa zimenezi. Inde, ena a malingaliro Hitler anaitenga ku katswiri wa m'zaka za m'ma 19, chisanadze kupotoza iwo. Ndipotu kovuta kudziwa zimene Nietzsche amatanthauza atumwi. Mumve ndi kwachilengedwenso zaka adzaupereka kwa 19 ndi mwamaganizo, iye - mwamuna ndi katswiri wa za zana la 20. Ife adzaphatikana ndi zoona, osati maganizo. Nietzsche kale sanasiye Hitler, kuyambira anamwalira mu 1900.

The KATSWIRI kwambiri

Nietzsche ntchito zosiyanasiyana nzeru, koma mmodzi wa iwo annoys anthu ambiri: woganiza amene poyamba poyera ananena munthu misa. Anati - "mtsinje akuda." Koma kwenikweni, "Man - ichi ndi chinthu chimene aliyense ayenera amakhoza bwino kuposa." M'mawu ena, Nietzsche - mtendere nzeru zapamwamba amene analalikidwa kudziletsa kuwongolera, kugwiritsa ntchito mawu a wankhondo wa. Nietzsche ndi kuwerenga zonse, koma makamaka "Choncho Analankhula Zarathustra". M'buku lino "aliyense ndi chifukwa munthu", mudzapeza zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana mfundo za dzina la munthu.

Jose Ortega Gasset, "Dzuka misa" (1930)

zaka makumi atatu pambuyo pa imfa Nietzsche mu kuwala kwa lofalitsidwa ntchito (onani. The subtitle), umene unali mtundu wa chosintha. Zinapatsidwa osati chiyambi cha misa anthu monga mtundu thupi, komanso chikhalidwe mwatsatanetsatane anafotokoza makhalidwe ake. M'buku la J. Ortega (anasankha adzatchedwa njira kuti) ndi intrigue waukulu amamangidwa nkhondoyi Unyinji wa munthu ndi zilandiridwenso anthu.

Awiri anthropological mtundu mwapadera Chrixitu mu umodzi (choyamba) - kugula ichi, ndipo chachiwiri - chithunzi. Mmodzi - aulesi "civilizational nyama" amene amaganiza kuti dziko lonse alipo okha kupeza zosowa zake. Winayo ali mu mkhalidwe zonse zilandiridwenso ndi kuyambitsa yokha, kusintha kwa moyo wodzikonda. J. Ortega buku chidwi ndi zolembedwa mu chinenero tikuyamba ndi mwaukhondo ndi zomwe kupirira, ngakhale sukulu. Izi si GV Hegel ndi Heidegger. Inde, ali ndi gawo lonse la chotchedwa chidwi. M'mawu ena, amenewa omwe angachititse kudzaza chidziwitso chanu katundu ndi mutu "Miyambo pa" munthu (munthu) ndi zolemba wotchuka za izo. ' "

Irvin Yalom, "Pamene Nietzsche analira" (1992)

Usachite mantha, ndi luso buku wodzipereka kwa chochitika, amene sanali kwenikweni.

Ndi mphunzitsi Freud, Josef Breuer, anabwera Lu udzu ndipo anati mnzake, monga iye akuwoneka kuti akudwala kwambiri. Kodi pulofesa kulankhula naye ndi kuwona izo? Katswiriyu anavomera. bwenzi Izi Fridrih Nitsshe. Breyer amatenga "akulankhula kuchiritsidwa." Mbiri yakale, psychoanalysis anabwera mochedwa, kumene. Koma Yalom mwadala displaces zakhala zikuchitika. Ngakhale mfundo m'buku lino - si chinthu chachikulu, chinthu chachikulu ndi kuti lili ndi aphorisms zabwino za munthu ndi moyo. Ndipo Breuer sankadziwa yemwe wakumenya iye makasitomala. Nietzsche yekha KATSWIRI kwambiri ndi psychoanalyst, pa ndime, mwachitsanzo, ndi Schopenhauer. N'zosadabwitsa kuti pa kusanthula kasitomala ndi dokotala ndi kubwezedwa, Nietzsche kale "akulankhula mankhwala" dokotala limafufuza kudalirika kwa moyo wake. Mwa chidwi dialogues akatulutsidwa Yalom pali (sangathe amakhulupirira olondola, Pitani yekha tanthauzo):

- Kodi ukuganiza bwanji kukhala dokotala?

- sindikudziwa. Atate ananena.

- Ndani kodi inu anasankha?

- Mwinamwake, chikhalidwe, mafumu. Ine mwanjira nthawizonse ndinkafuna kukhala woyimba.

Russian wowerengeka themed mawu (miyambi) "Munthu (munthu) ndi moyo m'maganizo" ali anafuna pankhaniyi Movutikira. Chikhalidwe chathu munthu - kuti phindu negative. Kotero izo zinali mu masiku a m'dera wamba, kotero izo zinali mu Soviet Union. Kodi munthu mu Russia akuyesera kuti ukapolo ndi "makhalidwe makampani" zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Nthawi zambiri Irvin Yalom mwaluso stylized prose ake 'pogwiritsa Nietzsche. " German nzeru zapamwamba sananene kuti analemba Yalom, koma iye ananena kuti. Mwachitsanzo, ichi: "Musanayambe ndi ana, muyenera adzabadwe."

Ndimakumbukira ganizo S.Dovlatov kuti zaka pafupifupi 50, si zokwanira kukhala ngati munthu. Ndi zomvetsa chisoni kulingalira, ngakhale, ndipo nditaona.

wowerenga angathe kukhala anakwiya ndipo amati chimenechi si miyambi pa mutu wakuti "munthu (munthu)." Koma ndi bwino kwambiri! A aphorisms dziko kupanga adzakhala musazengereze.

Blez Paskal, "Malingaliro" (1657 - 1658)

"Malingaliro" - buku chidwi, zodabwitsa. Pali zambiri kuganizira za chipembedzo, koma ali ndi unobtrusive, wofatsa, kuti si kusokoneza bukhu. M'malo mwake, kamodzi involuntarily kuyamba kuganizira za Mulungu. Mulimonsemo, si zofunika kwa iye. The kwambiri ndi B. Pascal analankhula za munthu. Mwachitsanzo, odziwika bwino aphorism kuti munthu - ". Kuganiza bango" ndi njira iyi, pa dzanja limodzi, akuuza owerenga kuti kuli osalimba kanthawi, ndipo pa zina - kuti munthuyo kwenikweni amphamvu kusinthasintha ake. Pansi amphamvu kwambiri mphepo zachilengedwe ndi moyo, akhoza kukhotetsa pansi, amawerama ndi kupewa imfa. Mwa njira, iwo ali pafupifupi wowerengeka aphorism, T. E. Ndi m'gulu la 'miyambi pa mutu wakuti "umunthu".

malingaliro chidwi kwambiri za mapeto a munthu Pascal. anthu ochepa mukudziwa, koma ntchito - ichi ndi chinthu Russian lakwawo. Mwina ntchito - ndi "wocheperapo" Russian umesiya maganizo dziko. Ndi ku Ulaya, anthu kuzindikira ntchito yawo okha monga luso ndi. Iwo ayenera kukhala ambuye zabwino, ndizo zonse.

Mu lembali, French nzeru zapamwamba, kukangana za cholinga, anati: "N'chiyani chimachititsa tsoka lathu? Ngozi ". Kenako Musalole kuti tanthauzo lenileni ambiri popanda zotchingira. Tinaona ana aang'ono Mwachitsanzo, loya kapena zachuma ndi. Ndi pamene ife kutamandidwa, ndipo timadziwa kuti chiri chabwino. Ndiye ife mwasankha ntchito yoyenera. Munthu, munthu (miyambi, ndi mawu za izi zikhoza kukhala zosiyana kwambiri) - imagwira kwambiri ndi sizidzatha nkhani kafukufuku. Timayesetsa okha satiate owerenga mfundo zosiyana, momwe kumusonyeza olemba amene ntchito ndithu wokwanira Werengani.

Ndipo nthawizina bwino. Mwachitsanzo, mwambo wa banja lanu. Zilekeni njanji. The bambo anatenga mwana wake mu takisi sitima pa aang'ono. The mnyamata anaona kuti ndi zabwino ndi zosangalatsa mukulephera kusintha, kuyendetsa sitima. chithunzi ichi wagwa pansi chikumbumtima chake ndipo amatsatira lonse akatswiri moyo. Ndipo tsopano ali ndi zaka 30, iye ali kale zaka 10 pa sitima, ndipo nthawi iliyonse, atakhala mmenemo, iye akuganiza kuti: "Mayi, zimene ine ndikuchita pano" kapena "moyo wanga ulili ngati chinachake cholakwika" (S. Mfumu) . Ndipo mlandu chithunzi cha ana, komanso chakuti atate wake ndi kanthu kolakwika ndi dalaivala sakanatha kuona. Koma, ngati akanati George Barnes. "Ndi manyazi mlandu makolo, pamene inu muli pa 25".

miyambi Russian pa mutu wakuti "umunthu"

yafika ndi kutapira ku bwino dziko. Tidzapeleka atatu okha a aphorism lapansi.

1. Osati mtundu wa munthu yemwe akukhala yekha ndi yemwe Wampekera chimwemwe kwa anthu.
2. Munthu aliyense - chinsinsi.
3. Munthu sanabadwire tokha.

Ngakhale ndi mawu amenewa amafotokoza momveka bwino kuti moyo wa anthu Russian - chikhalidwe chofanana, koma osachepera kumvetsa chinachake munthu, ayenera kulandira chithandizo payokha mwachindunji.

Monga mukuonera, ndi Russian anthu ngati miyambi ya mutu wakuti "Kuzindikira ndi chifaniziro chake ankafuna." Chabwino, kodi mungatani. Mawu a Karl Marx: "Kukhala Mzimuyo kutsitsimuka." Izi ndi zoona makamaka mu moyo osati wokondwa kwambiri.