N'chifukwa chiyani wotchedwa gymnosperms: mbali structural

Aliyense taxon zomera ali makhalidwe yake kuti kuwasiyanitsa ndi enawo. Pazifukwa zina n'zosatheka kuona maluwa ndi zipatso za paini kuyesa? Gymnosperms N'chifukwa chiyani wotchedwa? Mwachidule ndi bwino kuti adzapezekepo mafunso awa ife adzayankha m'nkhani ino.

N'chifukwa chiyani wotchedwa Gymnosperms: Thumb

Gymnosperms zomera zimenezi zimatchedwa wotchuka katswiri Andrey Nikolaevich Beketov. Monga woyambitsa wa Russian madera zomera, iye analemba buku loyamba systematics. Chizindikiro, m'mawu mutu wa izi makamaka mbewu malo. Iwo zili pa ziwalo zobereka poyera, "se". Mosiyana ndi zomera maluwa amene mbewu ndiotetezedwa makoma a n'kuwasanganiza lapansi.

mbali structural

zamoyo mwa zomera ankaimira zitsamba kapena mitengo, chifukwa awo zimayambira anapanga lateral nsalu maphunziro - cambium. Gymnosperms kusanduka kuchokera spore apamwamba. Komabe, ndondomeko umuna salinso amadalira madzi, zomwe ndi mbali ya kapangidwe pang'onopang'ono. Masamba a gymnosperms amatchedwa singano. Iwo ndi singano ngati mawonekedwe, omwe amachepetsa pamwamba kumene madzi ukuphwera.

Gymnosperms chifukwa otchedwa, komabe limafotokoza Kapangidwe ka n'kuwasanganiza yokha. Ndi flake, amene sangathe kubisa kathupi kuchokera chisanu ndi chilala.

Kodi pali phindu mu gymnosperms?

Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti tokhala - ndi chipatso cha gymnosperms. Koma maganizo ndi olakwika. chakuti zipatso anapanga pokhapokha chitukuko cha maluwa. The zomera, ndiwo anthu a dipatimenti, monga ziwalo zobereka akusowa. Iwo amakhala ndi cones mwamuna ndi mkazi, imene onse ali maselo kugonana - gametes.

ndondomeko kumachitika mu gymnosperms kubereketsa zomera ndi mphepo. Chifukwa cha umuna cones wamwamuna kulowa wamkazi, pamene umuna kumachitika ndi mapangidwe mbewu. Pamene yotsirizira okhwima, mamba cones lotseguka. Izi zimachitika miyezi pokhapokha 18. Nthawi imeneyi mutha kuona ndi mbewu maliseche diso, omwe amanama mwachindunji pa masikelo. Ndicho chifukwa gymnosperms tikutchedwera. Choncho, tokhala ndi kusinthidwa mphukira zikugwira ntchito kugonana kubalana ntchito.

Dzinja ndi chirimwe ...

mwambi Ana za ubweya mtengo uli wonse uzindikirika onse kuyambira ali mwana. gymnosperms kwambiri Musakhetse masamba m'nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa chiyani? Gymnosperms otchedwa kwa mtundu wa kapangidwe ka ziwalo zobereka. Koma luso lawo kukhala yobiriwira kugwirizana ndi autonomic: masamba ndi tsinde. Choyamba, chifukwa mawonekedwe ake ndi pamwamba yaing'ono, kuteteza zomera transpiration kwambiri.

M'nyengo yozizira, stomata ndi losindikizidwa ndi utomoni, yudagodarya imene nyengo iyi evaporation pafupifupi mabasi. Kuwateteza lowonjezera chifukwa chakuti masingano ndi yokutidwa ndi cuticle. Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti Gymnosperms sasintha masamba. Masingano zimatha kukhala zaka 7, kenako kufa ndi m'malo mwa atsopano. Yekha ndi larch. chomera zikusintha chovala chake aliyense nyengo.

Gawo

Ngakhale zingapo zochititsa wamba mu gawo limeneli ndi makalasi angapo. Ochuluka kuposa iwo ali conifers. Spruce, paini, Oil, paini, yew, mkungudza, larch - oimira lililonse m'kalasimo. dzina analandira mtundu wa tsamba - singano.

Maphunziro Gnetova amatanthauza Welwitschia chodabwitsa. Zomera ndi masamba lalikulu kufika mamita angapo m'litali. Iwo konse kugwa. Pankhaniyi, mbiya lokha, amene ali pafupi kwathunthu mu nthaka, ndi zosaoneka. Welwitschia Chimakula mu chipululu kumene mphepo zonse amphamvu. Iye akuswa masamba pamodzi, kotero iwo amaoneka ngati njoka.

Koma akuluakulu a Sagovnikovye kalasi lofanana ndi mtengo wa kanjedza. Awo zimayambira si nthambi. Iwo amakhala ndi pamaso pa pachimake anayamba ndi nkhuni ofooka. Sagovnikovyh pamene masamba kugwa, mapesi kukhala pa tsinde la.

The kalasiyo ukufanizidwa ndi mtundu okha wa - bilobed ginkgo. zomera ndi kuderako kuti China ndi Japan. Ginkgo kufika msinkhu wa mamita 30, ndi awiri a mbiya - zitatu ndi kufalitsa korona. masamba amafanana fani ndi recess pakati. Kumasulira kwa dzina Japanese za mbewu amatanthauza "bakha phazi", limene limafanana ndi maonekedwe awo. M'dzinja masamba kufiira yowala mtundu, kenako kuguluka. M'mayiko ilo limakula ginkgo amaonedwa zomera wopatulika ndi kutetezedwa ndi lamulo.

Motero, taona umboni Gymnosperms tikutchedwera. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi malo mbewu pa mamba ziwalo zobereka. Iwo kutetezedwa ndi makoma a n'kuwasanganiza, ndipo pali umboni, mowonekera. Mbali khalidwe la zomera ndi kusowa kwa maluwa ndi zipatso, mitsempha ya nkhuni. Kubereketsa zomera ku gymnosperms anachita ndi mphepo ndi masamba amatchedwa singano.