Masamu wotchuka zipambano zawo

Masamu akuwonetseredwa mu zochitika zonse za moyo, chinenero chake ndi zomveka bwino kwa anthu a m'dziko lonse lapansi. Asayansi kwambiri ntchito m'dera lino, nthawi zambiri kupitiriza bwanji miyoyo ya anthu ngakhale pambuyo pa imfa yake. Kodi masamu aliyense ayenera kudziwa?

Bertrand Russell

Monga ena asayansi otchuka ndi masamu, Bertrand wasonyeza chidwi ndi sayansi yeniyeni ana. Iye pa yunivesite ya Cambridge, ndipo pamapeto anapitiriza kuwaphunzitsa kumeneko. Kuwonjezera masamu komanso chidwi nzeru. Anali kufotokoza nkhani yolembedwa wake digirii pa masamu. Russell kutchuka anabweretsa buku lofotokoza mfundo za masamu, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi mnzake Whitehead. Ntchito "Mavuto a Philosophy" anali chopereka ina yofunika. Ntchito imeneyi chimaonedwabe bwino. Komanso, Bertrand Russell anali yogwira komanso moyo lofalitsidwa mapepala pankhani ya nzeru.

Alan Turing

Kawirikawiri amadziwika masamu kukhala gwero la kudzoza kwa olemba kapena atsogoleri. Koma Turing - kupatulapo, ndi osati wasayansi waluntha, komanso anayambitsa njira yapadera chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti. Choncho, moyo wake zikuoneka kuti amenewa ndi nkhani yosangalatsa. masamu zamakono komanso mapulogalamu adakali ntchito pa Turing makina, mfundo zimene ndi maziko a chiphunzitso cha ma aligorivimu. Ndi chofunika kuphunzira mabuku onse pa mfundo. Pa nthawi yomweyo , Alan Turing yekha wachita kuposa masamu ambiri otchuka pamodzi. Iye yekha ndiye anayambitsa mawu akuti "kompyuta" anali mpainiya wa sayansi ya kompyuta ndi kupanga nzeru chiphunzitso linakhazikitsidwa, popanda sikutheka kuyerekeza mapulogalamu ano. Pomaliza, izo angatchedwe owononga yoyamba padziko lonse. Iye losweka malamulo a zombo German, amene analola adani kupambana. Mwina popanda Turing kalekale zikanakhala yosiyana. Koma moyo wa wasayansi wanzeru momvetsa chisoni: iye anadzipha anadya apulo poizoni ndi cyanide.

August Möbius

masamu ambiri otchuka ndawapatsa dzina lake ndi mfundo kapena zochitika wapezeka pa ntchito. Nazonso ndi Moebius: dzina lake amveka, ngakhale anthu amene sali amphamvu mu sayansi yeniyeni. Tsogolo masamu anabadwira ku Saxony. Pambuyo koleji Shulpforte analembetsa ku University Leipzig, kumene woyamba anaphunzira za malamulo, ndipo anasintha specialization zake zakuthambo ndi masamu. Akukhulupirira kuti anasonyeza mphamvu ya Leipzig mphunzitsi Mollveyde. Mu 1813 Möbius anasamukira ku Göttingen, komwe pa nthawiyo masamu wotchuka ntchito. Mu 1815 iye analandira wake mutu digiri ndipo anakhala katswiri wa zakuthambo. Mu yomweyi, kufufuza masamu, zomwe zambiri, kuphatikizapo wotchuka Mobius Mzere, zinatuluka atamwalira wasayansi a. zolemba zake pa phunziro la masamu projective ndi zokhotakhota algebraic ngati kukhala zogwirizana ngakhale lero.

Nikolay Lobachevsky

Mu mndandanda wa sayansi dziko kutsogolera kukhala odziwika bwino Russian ndi masamu. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri, ndithudi, ndi Nikolai Lobachevsky. The masamu m'tsogolo ndi tsoka kovuta. Iye anali mwana wapathengo, kuwonjezera, bambo ake anamwalira oyambirira. Education Lobachevsky pa sukulu ku Kazan, ndipo anali kale ndi chidwi chachikulu masamu ndipo kenako anapita ku yunivesite m'deralo. kupambana zosaneneka maphunziro awo kwachititsa chakuti Nicholas zapatsidwa digiri mbuye, kuwonjezera, anamusiya ku yunivesite kupeza mutu wa pulofesa. M'kupita kwa chiphunzitso chake Lobachevsky anapereka njira pa sayansi thupi ndi masamu. Mu 1826 anali ndi Lingaliro Lovomerezeka za kufanana kuti chinali chiyambi cha sanali Euclidean Masamu natembenukira lingaliro la malo amene analipo kale. Kale mu 1827 Lobachevsky anakhala rector wa yunivesite kunyumba. Chifukwa malo osankhidwa nthawi zake zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pamene University Lobachevsky zasintha: panali nyumba yatsopano, laibulale walandira kwambiri mabuku ndi labu - zipangizo zatsopano. Koma pambuyo mawu asanu lamulo boma la Unduna wa Maphunziro, iye anatumizidwa ngati curator wothandizira wa chigawo sukulu kuti kaye ntchito ya sayansi ndi kunali kutha kwa ntchito mwakhama masamu kwambiri.