Matenda Bee ndi mankhwala. disinfection ming'oma

zosiyanasiyana matenda njuchi vuto lenileni lililonse mlimi. Mwatsoka, ambiri a iwo akadali silidziŵika. Pankhaniyi, ndi zizindikiro za matenda ambiri a njuchi yowala akuti si yodziwika, ndi apoyera kudziwa kovuta. Zimenezi, kungachititse kuti imfa ya makumi mabanja chifukwa cha ndikosatheka matenda pa siteji oyambirira.

The matenda ambiri njuchi ndi mankhwala

Pakali pano, obereketsa achoka nambala yaikulu mitundu Hardy ndi Hardy tizilombo izi. Ambiri a iwo zikhoza kuchepetsedwa kuphatikizapo mu Russia. Osiyanasiyana matenda a mitundu yonse yamakono ya njuchi, mwamwayi, mwachilungamo khola. Komabe, ena mwa matenda, mwatsoka, nthawi zina zimachitika pa apiaries, ndipo nthawi zambiri.

Yankho ambiri funso lokhudza zimene njuchi odwala apiaries ndi:

• Varroa;

• American ndi European foulbrood;

• nosema;

• askosferoz.

matenda onsewa ndi oopsa kwambiri ndipo akhoza kwambiri kuchepetsa zokolola mabanja. Chithandizo njuchi ku varroatosis, foulbrood, matenda nosema ndi matenda ena ayenera kuyamba mwamsanga pambuyo kudziwika zizindikiro woyamba. Izo zikhoza kukhala ntchito mankhwala onse mafakitale ndi mankhwala wowerengeka.

Zimayambitsa Varroa infestation

Ichi chinali matenda oopsa ndipo wamba zinalembedwa kale mabuku. Anawatcha iwo mite Varroa destructor, ndi tiziromboti pa ntchito njuchi, drones, mphutsi ndi zikwa. Mu dziko lathu, matenda koyamba zalembedwa mu 1964 ndi tsiku ndi ofala kwambiri ku apiaries ndi.

Varroa matenda amapezeka kukumana ndi nyama athanzi odwala. Nthawi zambiri izi kunatheka chifukwa kuba uchi njuchi ku apiaries ena Kusinthaku pafupi mumng'oma, pamene kuyendera tizilombo zomera yemweyo uchi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Kumaonetsa matenda, mwatsoka, osati nthawi imodzi. Zizindikiro zake woyamba Tingaone pokhapokha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri pambuyo matenda. Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi varroatosis:

• zikamera wa banja la nyama yonyansa;

• emaciation wa njuchi;

• chotupa gawo lotseguka ana (mphutsi kuwola ndinso);

• kuchuluka kwa mphutsi akufa pa bolodi zosamukasamuka.

Zithunzi anayendera tizilombo mosavuta wapezeka ndi ambiri Mafunso Chongani.

Kodi kuchotsa malo owetera njuchi Varroa destructor

Chithandizo cha njuchi ku varroatosis - ndondomeko ndi kobvuta kwambiri. Ena njira wowerengeka mu nkhani iyi ndi zambiri sikokwanira. Akadzauzidwa zotsatira achire ku matenda kubala kwenikweni kokha katundu wapadera mafakitale. Pa kudziwika kachilombo alimi njuchi Varroa mabanja zambiri ntchito njira mitundu iwiri:

• amitrazovye;

• fluvalinatovye.

Yachokera amitraz anapanga mankhwala ogwira monga "Aqua-Flo", "Bipin-T" ndi "Apimaks". malangizo Bee ntchito ndalama izi ndi mwachilungamo wophweka. Zotsatira ali ndi zabwino kwambiri. Kugwiritsa fluvalinate kupanga mankhwala monga "API-San", "Varropol", "Fumisan".

Kuwonjezera mankhwala enieni, kuchitira njuchi ku varroatosis kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso asidi formic. Izi zikutanthauza pamwamba pa chimango ndi mankhwala. Vaporized, formic asidi kupha nthata mu anapiye njuchi ngakhale.

Mankhwala "Bipin-T": malangizo ntchito

Ndi chida ntchito ndi varroatosis njuchi pafupipafupi. Izo ntchito mu kasupe kapena yophukira pamene palibe ana mabanja. Pakuti mankhwala chithandizo ndiye kuti sitimadzipereka 1 ml malita 2 madzi ofunda. Chifukwa ndi yamkaka woyera madzi. njira makhalidwe syringe ndi madzi mng'oma mlingo wa 10 ml pa msewu wina. Patapita masiku 7, ndondomeko akubwerezedwa. Zotsatira zabwino, mankhwala ali makamaka ikuchitika kawiri - kamodzi pambuyo kukolola uchi, nthawi yachiwiri - pamaso pa staging mwa mabanja chifukwa yozizira.

"Bipin-T", malangizo ntchito zomwe Choncho yosavuta, osati ntchito ming'oma zosakwana misewu 3-4.

Amatanthauza "Apimaks": mmene tingagwiritsire ntchito

Kumene, "Bipin-T" - si otchuka pakati pa alimi mankhwala. Kupewa ndi chithandizo varroatosis ndi matenda ena (mwachitsanzo, nosema, askosferoza, foulbrood) - uyu ndi wotsutsana ndi amene nthawi zambiri mankhwala "Apimaks" ntchito. malangizo Bee ntchito izo monga chonchi:

• 0.1 L mankhwala ayenera wothira malita 10 a shuga njira (50%);

• osakaniza chifukwa anali kuyesetsa mu feeders wapadera ndi kuziika mu mng'oma a.

American ndi European foulbrood: chimayambitsa matenda

Komanso sizachilendo matenda a njuchi. Ndipo mankhwala ndi kupewa ikuchitikira pa umisiri ena, mukudziwa kuti unkayenera aliyense mlimi. The causative wothandizila wa foulbrood American ndi bakiteriya Bacillus mphutsi, European - Melissococcus plutonius. Vutolo tizilomboto choyamba akhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu kwa zaka zambiri. Mphutsi akufa, mwachitsanzo, kukhala moyo kwa zaka 30. The causative wothandizila wa foulbrood European kufa msanga. Choncho, zovala mlimi iye akhoza moyo kuposa masiku 95. tizilombo wamkulu onse a mitundu ya mabakiteriya si anakhudzidwa. Odwala American ndi European foulbrood yekha mphutsi.

Zimayambitsa waukulu wa matenda mu nkhani iyi ndi:

• kuba njuchi;

• spores kutengerapo tizilombo yaing'ono;

• kudyetsa uchi zakhudzana;

• ntchito mng'oma ndi manja akuda.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Zizindikiro zazikulu za foulbrood American ndi European ndi:

• pamaso pa ambiri mphutsi akufa maselo;

• pamaso pa viscous osakaniza zosasangalatsa pansi pa khungu;

• kunachita mdima wa cappings sera ndi maonekedwe a obowoka.

matenda Gniltsovye njuchi (ndi mankhwala ndi kupewa - ndondomeko kuyang'anira) akhoza matenda kuphatikizapo discolouration a mphutsi a integument.

chithandizo

Tayani zovunda ndi thandizo la mankhwala singakhale. chakuti mtsutso wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mankhwala musamuononge. Choncho okha disinfection ming'oma molumikizana ndi mankhwala kumathandiza kuti bwino kugonjetsa matenda amenewa njuchi. Ndipo mankhwala ndi kupewa, mwa zina, pazikhalanso ntchito zotsatirazi:

• chilengedwe cha zinthu popewa sporulation;

• processing zikutanthauza ming'oma kuwononga spores.

Monga mankhwala zochizira madera njuchi ku foulbrood chotchuka ntchito:

• Sulfathiazole;

• norsulfazol;

• angamwe tetracycline;

• mankhwalawa.

Ntchito njira zimenezi zingakhale mu mawonekedwe a kuyimitsidwa mu shuga madzi, ufa kapena njira zinazi.

Disinfection ming'oma kachilombo foulbrood, anachita formaldehyde (4 kapena 10%). Pankhaniyi, mbali zitsulo ndi kukonzedwa ndi walawilawi. Zovala pambuyo kuyendera njuchi mlimi ayenera steamed kwa 30 min. Njira yomweyo zambiri ntchito ndi kuteteza foulbrood.

Zimayambitsa matenda mumng'oma nosema

matenda ndi ambiri pa apiaries ndi kuseli amene si bwino kwambiri akhaonera. Izo zimayambitsa nosema njuchi, zimene mankhwala ikuchitika ndi mosavuta kuposa foulbrood kapena Mwachitsanzo, varroatosis bakiteriya Nosema apis. Iye amakhala ndipo wachulukitsa makamaka zinyalala njuchi odwala. Zimayambitsa matenda amakhala mng'oma nosema:

• chinyezi mumng'oma;

• kuchepa kwa mungu m'chaka;

• untested chakudya.

Komanso hule matenda njuchi akhoza mvula ndi nyengo mphepo m'chilimwe ndi yozizira, kusintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha.

zizindikiro nosema

Zobisika mawonekedwe a zizindikiro matenda kutchulidwa si. Pankhaniyi, banja zambiri pang'ono chofooka, ndipo nthawi zambiri m'malo chiberekero. Koma nthawi zambiri pa apiaries akadali likukwaniritsa pachimake mawonekedwe nosema. Njuchi mu nkhani iyi:

• Iwo anataya mphamvu kuuluka;

• mu mantha kuthamanga pa mng'oma;

• kuyamba kwambiri kumeneko;

• m'mimba.

Patapita nthawi pambuyo isanayambike zizindikiro tizilombo akuphedwa.

nosema chithandizo

Pofuna matenda mu malo owetera:

• kudyetsa njuchi kupereka shuga mtanda atawathira mankhwala kwa izo;

• zosinthika anthu, kutukula ming'oma mfumukazi wamng'ono.

njira zonsezi mu m'malo nthawi yochepa kuchotsa banja la matenda oopsa monga nosema njuchi. mankhwala ake ndi othandiza kwambiri pamene ntchito maantibayotiki "fumagillin-B."

Zifukwa askosferozom matenda

matenda amachititsa bowa pang'ono Ascosphaera apis. Akapha ambiri mphutsi za drones ali ndi zaka masiku 3 mpaka 4. Infection kumachitika mwa integument lakunja. Mphutsi ndi bowa Zidamera pa thupi lawo kutaya elasticity awo, kufa ndi youma. Zoyambitsa matenda a mafangasi mungathe:

• banja kufooka;

• yaitali kuzirala pa chinyezi mkulu.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda

Kutanthauzira zimene kumagwiridwa askosferozom kachilombo mungathe pa malo awa:

• mortalities Unyinji wa mphutsi pambuyo moult otsiriza;

• "Rattling" kuwomba maselo losindikizidwa (chifukwa mphutsi zouma).

Kodi kuchitira askosferoz

Thandizo bowa matenda Ascosphaera apis mng'oma ndi zambiri kudzera Mavalidwe tizilombo shuga munali ufa kukonzekera "a nystatin". Mugule izo mwa kuchezera pafupifupi njuchi aliyense sitolo. Ndi mankhwala abwino kwa matenda imatengedwa yarrow (ufa anabalalitsidwa m'misewu).

matenda Kuteteza

Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda alionse, njuchi, ndithudi, ayambe kutsatira malamulo a ukhondo ndi ukhondo. Kuti zinthu monga:

• masungidwe andalama zolondola ambiri a malo owetera;

• zodziwitsa disinfection ake;

• ukhondo kudya.

Kodi kuyimba njuchi molondola

The matenda ambiri njuchi ndi matenda awo, ndiponso mankhwala - ichi ndi chinachake chimene ife mwachitira pamwamba mwatsatanetsatane. Komabe, ndi bwino kuyesa kachilombo mu njuchi pa onse, kuposa kuyesera kuthetseratu izo. Kuteteza njuchi ku matenda mwina, kuphatikizapo, ndi kusankha malo abwino mu ming'oma. Kukhazikitsa banja ayenera choyamba kutseka uchi zosonkhanitsira, munali palibe mankhwala akupha kapena zinthu zina zoipa tizilombo.

Utali wozungulira Pasechnaya gawo ndi amangoona 2-3 Km. Kudera limeneli, kuwonjezera pa chuma uchi zosonkhanitsira, ayenera yodziwika ndi pakalibe kufala zotheka kwa foci matenda:

• matupi waukulu wa madzi;

• misewu ikuluikulu;

• farmyards.

ukhondo Kudyetsa

M'nyengo yozizira, kuika njuchi kuchoka makilogalamu 25-30 uchi. Komanso mng'oma ayenera kupezeka mu kuchuluka mungu wokwanira. M'chaka njuchi awonetsetse mosavuta madzi. Thirani ndi zambiri mu wapadera kumwa mbale amene anaika pafupi mng'oma.

disinfection

Ndondomeko anachita zambiri mu kugwa, pambuyo flyby lapansi. Pansi mankhwala onse a zitsulo ndi matabwa zipangizo, kuphatikizapo ming'oma okha. Kuyambirira zinthu zonse kuchitiridwa, pakani suds. Last kuphika phulusa njira (1 hr. 2 hr. Water). Kuchita kupewa matenda opatsirana mu malo owetera amathanso njuchi kukaona sitolo ndi kugula njira formalin (1%) kapena ayodini monochloride (1%). Ming'oma, pambuyo kutsuka ndi kapena wothandizila awa kunditumiza ku Tala. Kumene zouma, ndiye chitani mankhwala enieni amapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda njira.

Disinfection ming'oma, zitsulo ndi zipangizo matabwa ambiri osakaniza hydrogen peroxide (10%) ndi asidi formic (0.5%). Processing njira yotulutsa kawiri pa intervals wa 1 hr. Kukonzekera njira bwinobwino sprayed ndi zipangizo ming'oma. Pambuyo 4 chasa zinthu zonse ankachitira osambitsidwa ndi madzi.

Komanso, kuchepetsa kufala kwa matenda opatsirana mu yophukira njuchi zofunika kuchita disinfection ndi nthaka pansi ming'oma anthu, limene odwala ankaonedwa m'chilimwe cha njuchi. Pankhaniyi, ndi oyeretsa (38%) pa mlingo wa 5 kg pa 1 mita lalikulu. The ankachitira izi zikutanthauza pansi ayenera anakumba kuti akuya masentimita 5.

m'malo mapeto

Choncho, ife tinapeza kodi matenda ambiri a njuchi. Ndipo mankhwala ndi kapewedwe ziyenera kuperekedwa molingana ndi umisiri ena. Zinayambitsa matenda njuchi ndi zambiri ndi mankhwala ndi disinfection mokwanira. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi matenda njuchi ndi mankhwala wowerengeka. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito njira ayenera kwenikweni kokha ngati adjunct kuti mankhwala kogwira mtima kwambiri mafakitale kukonzekera.