Mahatchi nkhuku: chithunzi, kuswana

Mbalame koyamba kuti akhoza zikhale anthu nkhuku. Izi zinachitika zaka zoposa zikwi zitatu zapitazo. chifukwa ukwati nkhondo cocky roosters. The zokolola za mbalame zakuthengo anali ochepa, cholinga chachikulu cha kuweta anali atambala. Mahatchi nkhuku ndi zokolola zabwino inatulutsidwa mochedwa kwambiri.

Lingaliro la mtanda dziko ndi thanthwe

Chinthu chapadera cha mbalame - High masiyanidwe - linapereka kwa kuchotsa nkhuku ndi yopapatiza zipatso malangizo. Panopa pali 700 mitundu. Kuwonjezera thanthwe, pali chiwerengero chachikulu Mitanda. Anthuwa sizikugwirizana tanthauzo limeneli - thoroughbred. Zimaswana nkhuku - gulu lalikulu la mbalame tinalandira makhalidwe zachuma ndi zothandiza. Leghorn nkhuku mazira aswa Leghorn, ndipo palibe wina.

Kuti kusenza mitanda hybrids akamagwira kudutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame. Mitanda n'kovuta, ndi nawo mitundu 3-4. Anthu anasonyeza kuti ntchito yeniyeni. Iwo mosatsata wa chibadwa kufungatira, sankaoneka ngati makolo awo. Kupeza ana awo si ndakuwonetserani, chifukwa "ana" sadzakhala makhalidwe a makolo awo.

Zophatikiza Nkhuku amphamvu mawu a zokolola ndiponso viability wa makolo mahatchi. Mwakusakaniza amalola nthawi yochepa kuti zayamba kuonjezera mabuku kupanga. Komabe, tizikumbukira kuti popanda choyambirira pedigree nkhuku apamwamba sizingatheke heterosis zotsatira mu mizere chifukwa.

Nkhuku pedigree nkhuku kwathunthu adzalandira makhalidwe thanthwe pachiyambi. Maonekedwe, mlingo wa zokolola, mtundu wa nthenga, chikhalidwe, kusinthasintha kwa zinthu ndi akatengela apabanja. Ndi koyera kuswana.

kuswana

Posankha mtundu kumalamuliridwa ndi cholinga chimene mbalame ndi anagula. Pakuti mofulumira ndi nyengo (yotentha) ndi bwino kukhala ndi motocross nkhuku. Pakuti masika-chilimwe-yophukira iwo adzakhala ndi nthawi kukula, kupereka mazira ndi "okhwima" kuphedwa kwa nyama. Pa chaka chonse mmalo nkhuku amaperekedwa kwa nkhuku kuswana. Mwachangu mkulu chuma ndi luso zosinthika breeder adzapereka famu yaing'ono atsopano mankhwala zakudya pa maziko mosalekeza.

Kuswana ya pedigree nkhuku zikuphatikizapo mfundo zingapo zofunika:

• Mapangidwe kholo katundu. Popeza tafotokozera mtundu, amene inyamuka ntchito, muyenera kuganizira kugula mbalame. Bwino kutenga akulu ku obereketsa odalirika, nkhuku posachedwapa kuchitidwa. Khumi kapena khumi ndi nkhuku imodzi yokha tambala.
• Gulu la chakudya. Yoyenera zakudya - chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu yopangira mankhwala. M'pofunika kupereka tirigu chakudya, zowonjezera zakudya, misa zobiriwira ngati n'kotheka - odyetserako.
• Kusankha mazira kwa kuswa. Pakuti yotheka ana mazira zosafunika owonongeka zosalimba kapena m'goli chipolopolo. yolk awiri, mazira misshapen, nayenso, chifukwa cha kukana. Aliyense nkhuku atagona pa kamodzi pa chaka kupereka kwa izibala zowalamulira. Mazira atengedwa ku nkhuku asonyeza.
• Kuyamba kulera. Peak dzira kupanga nkhuku akubwera mu chaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Kukhalabe kupanga pa mlingo yoyenera, ayenera kulimbikitsidwa nthawi ng'ombe. nyama Young amasankhidwa wathanzi makina lolingana mtundu makhalidwe.
• Chilengedwe cha zinthu omasuka moyo. Nkhuku ndi zofunika kuchita ntchito yake yopangira mankhwala, osati nkhondo kupulumuka. Kuonetsetsa ziweto ofunda nkhuku zisa woyera, m'makola mwawo lalikulu, chakudya chamagulu - ntchito yaikulu ya fanciers.

okhutira

Mahatchi nkhuku atagona nkhuku Kodi popanda zinthu zenizeni zili. Chirichonse chiri monga mwa nthawi zonse kuti nkhuku:

• coop (ngati n'koyenera - ndi Kutentha), zida ndi perches ndi zisa woyera;
• Ndakuuzani kwa kuyenda, makamaka ndi udzu;
• okhazikika momasuka ndi madzi woyera;
• moyenera awiri chakudya.

Kakang'ono Mitundu, nayenso, musati amafuna zinthu zapadera m'ndende wake. Only ena mitundu (mwachitsanzo, Phoenix - chifukwa cha mchira wautali kwambiri) ndi kuwasamalira bwino.

Gawo

opareshoni mosalekeza wa obereketsa nkhuku ndi mphamvu kusintha zachititsa kuti zotsatira zidzasintha. Today ife tisakwanisa kuona zosiyanasiyana chodabwitsa mitundu kuyambira wamng'ono, masekeli magalamu 300 okha (Malaysia Seram) kuti yaikulu 7-kilogalamu nsomba (The Jersey Giant). Mtundu nthenga, dongosolo lawo, kutalika, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa kapangidwe lokwera la thupi, linanena bungwe la nyama, dzira kuika, kutalika mwendo, ndi zina zotero - zonse mwa zizindikiro zimenezi kusiyanitsa mtundu padera.

Pedigree nkhuku (chithunzi m'lemba) anawagawira pa magawo angapo. The malangizo chachikulu ndi wopindula

• dzira;
• myasoyaichnaya;
• nyama;
• Kugonjetsedwa;
• zokongoletsera;
• vociferous (watsopano gulu la mitundu).

dzira

gulu anaonekera penapake pasanafike ena, chifukwa kampani zili chikhalidwe nkhuku unali osayenera mwa mawu a ulimi achikale. Mbali khalidwe la Mitundu dzira ndi:

• ndi thupi laling'ono - za 2.5 makilogalamu;
• kukula kwa thupi amatikumbutsa nkhuku m'thengo;
• precocity;
• ofooka chibadwa cha makulitsidwe;
• wandiweyani nthenga;
• zipolopolo woyera;
• kuwala mafupa;
• dzira kupanga - 200-300 mazira pa chaka;
• mwana wankhuku kulemera pobadwa - 30-35 magalamu;
• chipeso bwino akupangidwa zambiri pepala ngati kulungama, izo ziyenera 7 mano.

Kuzinenepetsa zovuta, iwo alibe kunenepa kwambiri mafoni, minofu misa zokolola pa kupha yaing'ono. Trot achinyamata nkhuku tiyambire pa zaka masiku 125. Choyamba anaika mazira pedigree nkhuku masekeli pakati magalamu 50 miyezi 12 zakubadwa ndi kuti magalamu 65. Dzira kupanga ali mu uthunthu wa mayunitsi 200-250, zabwino kuswana minda kukwaniritsa zizindikiro mazira 220-250 ndi umboni - zidutswa 365 pa chaka. The mafakitale mazira kumafuna nkhuku m'miyezi 17-18. Wofunika kwambiri thoroughbred nkhuku, roosters anapitiriza zaka 3.

Dzira kupanga - chizindikiro yaikulu ya zokolola za Mitundu dzira. Izo zimatengera zinthu zambiri: chilengedwe, zinthu kudyetsa, makhalidwe cholowa. heritability koyefishienti ndi 20-25%.

The odziwika bwino mitundu: Leghorn, Andalusian Chicken, Lohmann Brown Haysek White Haysek Brown, Minorca, Leghorn nkhuku, Hamburg, White Russian.

nyama

Nyama thoroughbred nkhuku yodziwika ndi kuyenda wapansi kulemera mkulu thupi, khalidwe phlegmatic. Zizindikiro khalidwe:

• thupi ndi makilogalamu 7;
• disproportional thupi kapangidwe ndi chifuwa chachikulu, yaying'ono, kutumizidwa horizontally;
• nthenga lotayirira;
• kuthamangira kuyamba mu masiku 180-210;
• kupanga dzira magawo 150;
• dzira kulemera - 70 ga;
• bwino anayamba chibadwa cha kufungatira.

nyama Young kuzinenepetsa bwino, chakudya mowa pa makilogalamu 1 phindu, pafupifupi makilogalamu 1,59-1,75. Mitanda nyama zochokera kholo mitundu amatha miyezi khumi kunenepa kwa makilogalamu 2.5. Ambiri mafakitale nkhuku minda, okhazikika kupanga nyama, wakula wosakanizidwa mbalame. Zamkatimu mbalame m'mikhalidwe pafupi zachilengedwe, bwino kukoma kwa nyama.

Common Mitundu nyama: woyera Cornish, pomfret, sussek, Faverolles Chicken, White Plymouth Rock, Cochin China, langash.

Myasoyaichnye

gulu ili mitundu yambiri zofala za ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana - wabwino kupanga dzira pamodzi ndi kulemera yabwino. Akamagwira ankawoloka dzira ndi nyama Mitundu, ndi kuswana zina "palokha". Zizindikiro za mtundu wa:

• thupi ndi 4 makilogalamu;
• kupanga dzira magawo 200;
• dzira kulemera - 55-70 magalamu;
• chipolopolo mtundu kuchokera wotumbululuka zachikasu zofiirira;
• kutchulidwa chibadwa cha makulitsidwe;
• timabadwa yozizira ndi zambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi ozizira kuposa Mitundu dzira;
• ndi zowalamulira choyamba mu masiku 150-180;
• mkulu palatability nyama.

Mwa Mitundu otchuka monga: avstralop, Moscow White, Orpington, New Hampshire, Kuchinskaya chikumbutso, Rhode Island Red.

zokongoletsera

Kukongoletsa mbalame ngale weniweni wa farmstead a. Kukula yaing'ono mbali yapadera mtundu kapena khalidwe feathering - nkhuku zonse chizolowezi mutate. Zawachititsa kuti malangizo osiyana kuswana mbalame. Kakang'ono Mitundu awo "makolo" mwa mitundu wamba malonda, amayamba ndi makope awo wotsikirapo (Pekin Chicken).

anthu kukongoletsa musati kubweretsa kwambiri mazira ndi nyama. Awo Cholinga -radovat khamu maonekedwe. M'mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo nkhuku monga ziweto. Pakati pawo ikuchitikira fairs ndipo anatsimikiza oimira wokongola kwambiri wa mtundu wa. Komabe, kuwonjezera pa kukongola, kumene mukhoza kupeza mazira, mbalame masekeli mpaka 2 kg ndi yabwino ndithu kuti kompyuta kunyumba.

Wotchuka: Wyandotte nyenyezi yaing'ono, lopotana, silky, Paduan, kupukuta nkhuku, bantam, Seabright.

kumenyanako

Kulimbana agalu ayipanga nkhuku gulu amakezana. "Professional" mbali ntchito atambala (amuna okha nawo nkhondoyo) kuganizira maonekedwe awo:

• miyendo amphamvu, lalitali;
• pafupifupi ofukula mkulu thupi hocks (anthu umodzi kufika 90 cm);
• lonse mu miyendo;
• kuwala mafupa;
• wamtima mumangidwa ankakangana;
• amphamvu mulomo;
• otukuka musculature;
• imachita chipiriro;
• wamphamvu paphiri.

Kuzinenepetsa oimira kumenyana Mitundu nyama chilibe ntchito, nawonso tikuyamba ndi agile khalidwe sadzalola "chitani" nyama. Dzira kupanga ndi otsika - zambiri dzira limodzi pa sabata. Kuwonjezera cholinga mwachindunji - kumenyana (ichi ndi zambiri za m'maiko Asian), - iwo ali wamkulu monga mbalame yokongola.

Popular kumenyana zimasokoneza: kulangi, Chimalaya, Indian buluu ndi wakuda, Limba English, Azil, Moscow Kugonjetsedwa.

vociferous

Vociferous mu gulu osiyana posachedwapa. Pamene iye ukufanizidwa ndi mtundu - Yurlovsky vociferous. nkhuku izi zabweretsa ndi yabwino kupanga dzira, mpaka mazira 160, 90 ga kulemera, chipolopolo amphamvu bulauni. Amuna kufika makilogalamu 4.5, nkhuku - makilogalamu 4, kwambiri palatability nyama. Amagwira Ntchito Zosiyanasiyana mtundu (poyamba zimachitika izo myasoyaichnoy gulu) ndi wotchuka ndi alimi a zofufuzafufuza nkhuku. Iwo amadziwa osati chuma makhalidwe zopindulitsa, komanso wokongola vociferous tambala kuimba.

kusankha

Mu mbiri yonse ya anthu kuti anaikidwa pafupifupi 1,000 mitundu, kuposa mu gawo lina lirilonse la ulimi nyama. Mwatsoka, 32 iwo otayika muyaya, wina 286 - pafupi kutha. Pakati pa Mitundu ano chimodzi, Mipikisano miliyoni ziweto (Rhode Island, New Hampshire) ndi wapadera, analipo atsogoleri 15,000 okha (Chinese silika nkhuku).

Obereketsa ya pedigree nkhuku kuchengeta ndi kuchulukitsa zosiyanasiyana mitundu. Mbalame kufunika monga gwero la chakudya chabwino, "nkhani" Collectibles, masewera, ziweto (miyala yaing'ono ali mu nyumba ya).