The collectivization cha ulimi mu USSR - kukula ndi zotsatira

Soviet ulimi - ndi ngozi olimba mbiri ya boma athu. Anthu ambiri osauka ndi kugwira ntchito m'derali, ngakhale palibe wa ife amene akasaushiwe ngako nokaniwa popanda ntchito yawo. Serfdom, limene kwa zaka osautsidwa ndi ambiri wamphamvu gawo la anthu wodwala, anasintha collectivization wathunthu wa ulimi mu USSR, ali otalikirana wamba ku zotsatira za ntchito yawo ndi n'kogwiritsa amene anamupha achangu mwini. Tiyeni tione zimene zinachitika mu zaka ife, pamene tsoka la osati lina koma wonse osiyanasiyana mayiko, zomwe tsopano amakakamizidwa falitsani zaka zambiri mu chitukuko.

zaka 20 zaka mazana makumi awiri. The Civil Nkhondo itatha ndi Bolsheviks anatha bwinobwino kukhazikitsa yokha mu mphamvu. backwardness Economic Zingaoneke, anali zagonjetsedwa, chifukwa panali wakwanitsa prewar zizindikiro mlingo. Koma pa Soviet Union sanali boma limodzi, ngati iye. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutalika amene anali Soviet Union, adzayenera ndi kutenga ndi mphepo zonse. Pofuna kukhala ndi mayiko amphamvu, kunali koyenera kuti "andipeze ndi kukupezani" msasa bourgeois, kumene wamakono anali mu chikhalidwe yotukuka. Mu USSR, monga mwayi akanati linaphulika mavuto tirigu zogula. Kupemphera nthawi ya "kusintha kwakukulu", pamene osati mafakitale adatha mofulumira kwambiri kusiyana anachita m'mayiko a Azungu. Kunali koyenera kuti aswe zamaganizo a munthu, kum'patsa akuyembekezera kukhazikitsa mofulumira chiyembekezo cha m'tsogolo. Ndipo njira imodzi kukwaniritsa mofulumira kudzachitika-kumbali, Piggy banki kwa wamakono wa Soviet-kalembedwe, wakhala mudzi. Choncho mu 1929 anayamba collectivization amakakamizidwa cha ulimi mu USSR.

Nkhonyayo woyamba ndi waukulu European pa kulaks lapansi. Ndipo izo zinali zambiri wolemera wa anthu wamba, amene sanafune kugawana zinthu zawo ndi munthu osadziwika kukhala mbali ya minda ndi gulu. Liquidating ndi kulaks monga gulu, boma Soviet wapereka osati m'munsi ndalama mafakitale ndi ikupita patsogolo, komanso analenga thandizo la ndalama ndi chuma chikhalidwe. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo wakhala achotsa ku nkhope ya nambala yaikulu eni kwambiri wofuna ndi aluso m'mudzi. Awa anali anthu omwe ankadziwa zambiri, ndi ntchito, ndipo ndalama ndi mtengo-sadziwa ndiponso wosasakaza. Vuto linali chakuti tanthauzo lenileni la mawu akuti "kulak" sichinayambe zinayenda, amene wafunsira intriguers osiyanasiyana osokoneza pansi ndi onse amene kamodzi anasamukira njira ina mu njira yake. Ndipo "prokulak" Nthawi zambiri amayesedwa anthu pakati ndi osauka, ndi mabanja awo akhala pansi kupondereza. Choncho, makina amatchedwa collectivization ulimi wa ku Soviet Union chinawononga zonse mu njira yake, kuopera kuti anakana tsitsi ndi burashi chomwecho. 25 zikwi m'tawuni chikominisi kudzera m'makomiti a anthu osauka, anthu a iwo anali osaphunzira wamba, ambiri sankadziwa mmene ndipo sankafuna kugwira ntchito, tinali cannibalization wa Stalin ndi kuphedwa monga mwa dongosolo la ulamuliro wankhanza ndi 100%.

Collectivization ulimi anali mavuto osaneneka. Gross tirigu kupanga pansi, chiwerengero cha ng'ombe ndi mahatchi anachepetsedwa ndi pafupifupi lachitatu. Palibe ankafuna polekanitsa ndi zabwino zawo ndi chabe ankakonda kuwononga kuposa kupereka expropriators. Komabe, ndi collectivization cha ulimi mu USSR anakwaniritsa cholinga chawo chifukwa industrializatsionny adzatumpha koma sanachite. ulimi Soviet wataya nambala yaikulu antchito. Pa nthawi yomweyo Chilombocho kutha kuchulukana kwa dziko ndi mzinda kuphunzira kuchuluka zosaneneka za ufulu ntchito wotchipa khama chidutswa cha mkate.