Malbork Castle, Poland: kufotokoza, mbiri chidwi ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Mu Poland, ndi linga lalikulu kwambiri ku Ulaya, anamanga kalembedwe Gothic. Iwo ankakhala mu mzinda wa dzina chomwecho ndipo si wolemera mbiri zakale. Iye ndi likulu lakale wakale wa Teutonic Order. Izi n'zosadabwitsa wokongola Malbork Castle akutchedwa, izo zalembedwa mu mndandanda UNESCO.

Ndipotu dzina la Nyumbayi yaikulu: Malbork kapena Marienburg? Mu Poland ndi ku Germany ndi? Kodi m'zimene ndi pamalo ake? Nkhaniyi Imafotokoza mzinda ndi zokonda zake zazikulu.

Mwachidule nkhani za m'mbiri

Malbork mizu kwa buku lina la dzina, German - Marienburg kuyambira wakale Nyumbayi anali ngati likulu la German (Teutonic) Order.

Malbork - Castle, amene mbiri unalembedwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo, pamene Prince Konrad Mazovetsky Poland akatulukire kwa Knights thandizo Teutons. Iwo kumawateteza ku zankhanza za chikunja mafuko Prussian m'mayiko ndi kukakamiza mdani Polish kubatizidwa. dalitso Papa anapatsidwa ndi Roma ku nkhondo zomenyera ndi Prussia, mogwirizana ndi zimene iye anapereka lamulo ( "Golden ng'ombe") amene amapereka ufulu kanthu Ankhondo a Baltic.

Ngakhale dziko kuti anagonjetsa Teutons, anadutsa pansi pa chisamaliro cha wachifumu wa Papa, Ankhondo anamva okha malo eni zonse. Iwo anatenga ulamuliro pa gombe onse Baltic, yakhala pa madera anagonjetsa, ndi kuponderezedwa mwankhanza mawonetseredwe onse a chikunja. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu ndi mbiri yaitali (Prussia) anali pafupifupi inawonongedwa. M'mayiko anagonjetsa wa Polish Knights anamanga mipanda yawo malire.

Teutonic Knights mu 1274 ndipo anaika maziko a loko anafotokoza. Ndiyeno iye anatchedwa Marienburg pambuyo Namwali Mariya. Mu zaka zochepa pa otsetsereka a ku gombe la mtsinje Nogat kuchuluka nyumba 4-storey ndi m'chipindacho zambiri, anafuna kuti Knights, ndipo mu 1280 chitakhazikitsidwa Knight msonkhano.

Tisanafotokoze kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane Malbork Castle, mwachidule anapereka mzinda umene pali ameneyu mbiri chinthu.

mzinda Malbork

Kameneka ndi wakale yomwe inali kumpoto Poland, mu ankadziwana ndi. Wisla. Malowa ali pamtunda 130 Km from mzinda wa Torun 70 Km from mzinda wa Gdańsk, pafupi ndi malire ndi dera Kaliningrad. Dzinali German - Marienburg. Malbork amadziwika makamaka wotchuka Nyumbayi mbiri Marienburg.

Ngakhale provincialism mzindawo ndi kukula kwake ochepa, amaitana kwambiri la alendo pano chifukwa zaka mazana ambiri ake wolemera mbiri ndi mlengalenga wapadera chivalry. M'mudzi weniweniwo ndi omasuka ndiponso wokongola. Kodi inu mukhoza kusiya usiku, ndi kusiya chabe kwa tsiku kuyenda linga ndi kuwona Malbork m'linga, limene lili pafupi pakati pa mzinda. Near kulinga pali zabwino analipira magalimoto, limene lili pafupi ndi ofesi tikiti mungapezeko kugula matikiti pakuti mzinda wa.

Linga Museum

M'zaka 1454-1466 pakati pa Teutonic Knights ndi Zitsulo anachita yaitali khumi wazaka nkhondo. Iwo anapambana chigonjetso mu Poland, akubwezera ena kale awo anagwira dziko, potero ankalowa Nyanja Baltic. Marienburg Castle mu 1457 anagulitsidwa kwa Casimir IV Jagiellon (Polish Mafumu) golide (665 kg), ndipo kuyambira pamenepo icho chakhala linaikidwa utsogoleli wa mfumu.

Amene anabwera mu 1772 ku mphamvu Prussians wotembenuka kulinga ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu wa asilikali. linga la anazunzidwa kwambiri kuonongeka mu 1945 (kuposa onse zaka zam'mbuyo 7). Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, dongosolo lonse anamangidwanso. Today Malbork Castle mu Poland ndi amphamvu njerwa makoma ndi nsanja ndi gabled zikugwirizananso ndi madzi a Nogat Mtsinje.

Mu chinyumba malo ndi zakale, zomwe ndi kusonkhanitsa chuma cha zida, zida ndi zokometsera zopangidwa Amber. Nthawi zambiri mu chinyumba ndi bungwe fairs luso, zoimbaimba ndi zosangalatsa zisudzo ed, dramatized adani Malbork.

mafotokozedwe

Malbork - Nyumbayi, yomwe ndi yaikulu yomanga njerwa analengedwa ndi manja a anthu. Iwo ali ndi malo a mahekala pafupifupi 21. Nsanja apangidwa ndi kumangidwa ndi zipangizo wapadera kwa mayiko kuwombera firearm.

Uku imatengedwa malo chidwi kwambiri ndi otchuka mu mzinda alendo. Ukulu wapadera wake umakhudza mwamtheradi aliyense. Malbork yaikulu imakhala 3 nyumba: Middle, Upper ndi wotsika. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi Upper Castle, ndi obisika kumene Chimonko moyo Ankhondo. Inkakhala ndi mipanda kumbuyo kumbali zonse, kulinga ili m'mphepete mwa mtsinje. Nearby anakumba ngalande kwambiri.

zinthu zosangalatsa m'gawo ndi yopemphereramo wa St .. Anna (m'manda a ambuye wamkulu) ndi mpingo wa St .. Namwali Mariya. Avereji Malbork Nyumbayi inamangidwa pa malo akale Aakulu Court. Poyamba pakati ndale ndi utsogoleri wa Teutonic Knights, kumene Ankhondo anasonkhana kuchokera m'mayiko onse a ku Ulaya. Masiku ano, pali zipinda Mabwana ndi akuluakulu a Poland.

Amagwiritsidwanso kukwapula kwa zapadera chachikulu refectory ake, ndi zazikulu openwork zomangamanga, ndi anawasema wokongola arched. Palinso kuchipatala okalamba ndi odwala Chimonko-Ankhondo. M'munsi Castle (kapena predzamok) cholinga makamaka zosowa zapakhomo.

Mu wotchuka amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida anasonyeza ngolo nkhondo ndi mfuti. Komanso mu Nyumbayi ali ndi kuponyera pabwalo, smithy, yofululira moŵa ndi makola.

Akusonyeza pa moyo wa anthu akale

Wolemera ambiri zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho chidwi kwambiri Malbork Castle. Alendo kubwera kuno paulendo, akhoza kufufuza nyumba okha ndi linga, ndi zomera ndi kusonkhanitsa chidwi. Kawirikawiri, onse gawo boma la alendo amatenga maola anayi nthawi. Alendo alidziwe mbiri wachuma wa Malbork Castle.

Pano mukhoza kuona mmene kupanga nthawi ndalama wakale. Alendo adzaona munthu mediaeval ndalama zovala embossing pa maso awo. Pano mukhoza kugula mphatso ndalama pang'ono zodabwitsa - matumba wodzazidwa ndi ndalama.

Amazing ozunguza choonetsedwa ndi zipinda (zipinda) ambuye zazikulu: cannonball anapatsa khoma, anali zimauluka ndi nyumba pa nkhondoyo (pa nthawi imeneyo anakhala bungwe la nkhondo). Chidwi kwambiri n'chakuti, ngati ngale ali mu ndime (amene akugwira loko), zotsatira zake zidzakhala zoopsa. Sitidzaiwala kukhudzidwa ndi zodabwitsa ed zisudzo: "Moto ndi Lupanga", "Kuwala ndi kuomba", "mafunsidwe a Malbork". Ochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi atsopano.

Momwe kuti nyumbayi?

The Museum "Malbork" mu Poland n'zosavuta kuwafika. Kuchokera kumalo okwerera sitima mumzinda wa Malbork kupita naye kwa mphindi 15. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa kiosk aliyense pa msewu, inu mukhoza kutenga ufulu kabuku ndi zonse zofunika alendo ndi mugule chiongoko imathandiza chinenero kuti Malbork, zimene zingakuthandizeni kuyenda Nyumbayi yekha popanda kalozera. Ambiri ntchito mwayi umenewu chifukwa chakuti, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, muyezo gulu ulendowu kumatenga pafupifupi 4 h.

Matikiti amagulitsidwa pa khomo m'nyumbayi zovuta. alendo aliyense akhoza kufika Malbork Nyumbayi (Poland). The tikiti mtengo 10 mumauro. Tikumbukenso kuti pali matikiti wapadera banja, amene ndalama zochepa kwambiri kusiyana akamwedwa padera pa aliyense wa anthu ake.

Nyumbayi ndi lotseguka kwa alendo chaka chonse: kuchokera October 1 April 30, kuyambira 9 m'mawa mpaka maola 15, kuchokera May 1 September 30 yotsegula kuyambira 9 m'mawa mpaka 17 koloko usiku. Ulendo nthawi zina zimasintha. Tikumbukenso kuti zitsanzo Russian si ikuchitika.

chidwi Ndipotu

Chidwi Popeza kuti Teutons ali yemweyo chifukwa chakuti iwo anali alaliki a mwambo mwa Namwali Mariya, kusunga ankalemekeza zowinda kumvera, wodzisunga, kuti nthawi zina kupewa malamulo oletsa izi.

Kamodzi Nyumbayi inali chofunika ntchito yophika khitchini, kenako Ankhondo a kupempha kuti Papa. Ndiyeno, anapereka mutu, koma ndi chikhalidwe chimene mpanda wolimba adzatenga mkazi zaka 60. The Germany, pa kusinkhasinkha, ganyu ophika 3, omwe anali wokalamba kokha zaka 20.

Malbork - Castle mizukwa

nthano zambiri imakhudzana ndi loko wa. Amakhulupirira kuti mzimu wa mkazi amakhala obisika a. kukambirana, ndi mzimu wa kalonga Polish. Iye ankafuna angapulumutse mwamuna wake, Ankhondo ukapolo. Atavala zovala avirigo, iye bwinobwino nalowa m'linga, koma mkazi wakulungama mwamsanga poyera analanga moyo wake immured pakhoma.

Kuyambira pamenepo, mzimu wake wachisoni Amayendayenda maholo a Nyumbayi kufunafuna wokondedwa. Akukhulupirira kuti amene amaona kalonga ghostly ayenera kukhala osangalala chikondi. Sikuti kuopa.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale n'kovuta, kuyang'ana pa gawo lalikulu la Nyumbayi pano, kulingalira, koma ntchito kukhala aakulu. History sanalekerere Malbork, chifukwa miyeso yake ndi kuchepetsedwa pafupifupi kawiri.