Polimbana chotipinga mu dziko: wogwira mtima Way

Tikukhala mu m'badwo wa mizinda ponseponse, pamene mizinda akukulira, ndipo anthu awo kuonjezera tsiku lililonse likadutsa. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha magalimoto m'misewu mumzinda: magalimoto, magalimoto, mabasi ndi trams. Koma nthawi zambiri misewu m'tauni si lakonzedwa ngati utuluke mphamvu zoyendera. Mzinda kuthana ndi vuto ili ndi mmene polimbana chotipinga?

Magalimoto kupanikizana - ndichiyani?

Timanyamula chubu (kapena kuchuluka kwa magalimoto) akuimira kudzikundikira kwambiri magalimoto winawake gawo msewu. Pamene owerenga izi msewu ikuyenda pa mtengo wochedwa, kapena chikubwera pa onse.

Kodi chidwi, malinga ndi malamulo atsopano a dziko mu magalimoto athu, ife sadziŵa "kuchulukana" kapena "Nkhata Bay" m'munda malamulo. Mwanjira, ndi sachedwa chifukwa mu funso m'ndime imodzi yokha ya lamulo la - 13,2. Koma mu 2006, ku Russia anapangidwa kuti atchule msewu watsopano chizindikiro (zosakhalitsa) Chenjezo madalaivala za chotipinga pamsewu.

polimbana chotipinga mu dziko - ndi chimodzi mwa mavuto a m'tawuni lonse. Inde, pamaso pa zonse chotipinga mumzinda zoipa chifukwa magwiridwe ake, zambiri ngakhale kusokoneza moyo wabwinobwino a dongosolo m'tawuni. Ndipotu, ngati ife kulingalira mzinda, ngati chamoyo lalikulu, mizere yake kulankhulana ndi msewu angayerekezedwe ndi mitsempha m'thupi la munthu. Choncho, mizinda yambiri ya mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri mu dziko kulabadira kwambiri kuti vutoli, kupeka njira yatsopano kuthana ndi chotipinga.

Kuchulukana - pang'ono za mbiri

Ndi kovuta kukhulupirira, koma vuto cha kuchulukana kwa msewu anaonekera nthawi yayitali yapitayo. Nkhata Bay zinachitika m'mizinda m'zaka XVII, ndipo anali mphunzitsi-pakamwapo! Inali nthawi m'misewu pali mabogi ambiri amene misewu yaing'ono zinali zovuta kupirira.

Yoweyula chachiwiri cha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto m'mizinda ikuluikulu imagwera pa cha m'ma XIX, pamene panali mtundu wa mathiransipoti, monga sitima ya. Kwa kanthawi, ife anakwanitsa kuthetsa chotipinga mu 20-30-ntchentche mogwirizana ndi ntchito yomanga machitidwe okwerera sitima m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Koma mu theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri vutoli kachiwiri kupanga wokha anamvera lino tsiku kulimbana ndi chotipinga mu dziko akhala ntchito mwamsanga.

Lalikulu chotipinga mu mbiri

History analemba zitsanzo zambiri za chachikulu sachedwa chifukwa mzinda magalimoto. Tikupereka inu atatu wa anthu otchuka kwambiri a iwo:

1. New York, 1969. Chubu kutalika 70. (!) Makilomita. Chifukwa: lalikulu thanthwe chikondwerero mu mzinda.
2. Chicago, 2011. Panali kugwa weniweni wa mzindawo dongosolo zoyendera chotipinga anapitiriza kwa maola 12. Chifukwa: Mkuntho.
3. São Paulo, 2013. Ichi ndi ambiri wofuna magalimoto kupanikizana mu mbiriyakale, zinafika kutalika kwa makilomita 309!

chifukwa chachikulu - chinthu anthu

The zifukwa kwenikweni ndithu kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa lalikulu la magalimoto kupanikizana akuti ndi chinthu anthu. Panjira, nthawi zambiri zotheka kukumana umunthu mu kalembedwe "Ine ndinazembera!". Chifukwa - zochitika mwadzidzidzi pa msewu wodutsa magalimoto, m'misewu ndi mazana a madalaivala ndi maganizo owonongedwa. Zosafunikira ndi unserious khalidwe lokonda magalimoto zingakhale ndi zotsatira zoipa. Nkhata Bay akhoza kupangidwa, ndipo chifukwa cha mosayembekezereka galimoto kusokonezeka panjira. Izi zikhoza kuchitika kwa munthu aliyense, kulikonse.

Komabe zimachitika ndi kuti phala ndi aumbike pa lathyathyathya, msewu lonse, popanda chifukwa chirichonse. Kuti Zikatero ndi zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, makamaka kwa Alangizi a m'tawuni, ofufuza ndi polimbana chotipinga Pankhaniyi amakhala ngakhale zovuta.

Zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto

zimayambitsa awo cholinga ndi m'maganizo, chokhalitsa kapena situational. Ndipo Dziwani kuti polimbana chotipinga - si kwambiri kulimbana ndi tokha kuchulukana, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi zoyambitsa zawo. Choncho funso izi zitheke bwinobwino.

Taganizirani zimayambitsa ofunika kwambiri ndi wamba:

• monyanyira mu dongosolo la panjira;
• mulibe malamulo oletsa pamaso pa mphambano zovuta;
• palibe matumba m'malo mabasi ndi magalimoto;
• disruptions a maloboti;
• kupezeka kwa magalimoto mwa okonzeka kulalikira kwa msewu.

Iwo ali zimayambitsa zonse kuchulukana. Ndi zifukwa situational (kapena mwachisawawa) zotsatirazi:

• kutsekereza kayendedwe kulimbikitsa tuples;
• kukonza ntchito m'misewu;
• nyengo (mkuntho, matalala, mvula, etc.);
• aakulu kuphwanya malamulo magalimoto ndi aliyense payekha gululi;
• ngozi pamsewu.

Zotsatira chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto

Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa magalimoto akhoza kukhala zoipa. Kwenikweni,:

• kuchepetsa mphamvu carriageway ya;
• amadza zachuma mzinda wonse;
• imfa ya mamembala wapatali nthawi ya gululi;
• kuwonjezera mpweya zoipa m'malo m'tawuni;
• kuwonjezera mafuta;
• kuipitsidwa phokoso chilengedwe m'tauni;
• nkhawa owonjezera madalaivala ndi alendo.

Kuchulukana ndi Science

N'zochititsa chidwi kuona kuti polimbana ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndi kusamala ndi maulamuliro, komanso asayansi, makamaka masamu. Iwo anagwiritsa ntchito masamu mawerengeredwe njira kuyankha mafunso: "Kodi ndinu sachedwa chifukwa" ndi "kuthana nawo?".

Asayansi apeza kuti kuchulukana zingachitike popanda chifukwa akuoneka ndi maganizo. Choncho, anazindikira kuti Nkhata Bay zambiri zimachitika m'misewu chifukwa khalidwe anthu ankhanza a anthu angapo mu gululi.

Woyamba Mwachitsanzo mbiri ya njira yothetsera vutoli mukhoza kutengedwa ngati pempho ku ofesi ya Paris meya wa wasayansi wotchuka Blaise Pascal mwamsanga 1654. Iye anandiuza kuti mabogi konza moyenera ndondomeko ya kayendedwe likulu French. Kuphunzira bwinobwino utuluke magalimoto wakhalako zaka zana limodzi.

Kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto: njira tingachipeze powerenga

Kuti athetse vutoli kukanikiza kukanda mitu yawo zana maganizo onse pa dziko. Ndi maphunziro aakulu yeniyeni ndi ongolankhula anthu amene wakwanitsa kukhala njira zotsatirazi kulimbana kuchulukana:

• kusintha interchanges ndi polumikizana, komanso kumanga atsopano;
• kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabasi ndi magalimoto (kumene zitsanzo momveka bwino mu dziko - mzinda Brazil wa Curitiba);
• n'kupanga ntchito ndi alternating malangizo a zoyenda;
• cha zosautsa olondola a maloboti;
• Kukula kwa panjira ya;
• kumayambiriro chindapusa cha kulowa kwa ena (vuto) malo a mzinda;
• Kukwezeleza khalidwe zomveka pa msewu;
• chitukuko cha mobisa, komanso monga kukwera njinga;
• ntchito kwambiri njira kompyuta ndi umisiri.

polimbana chotipinga mu dziko: zitsanzo zosangalatsa

Kuyambira kuchulukana zowawa m'madera yaikulu matauni: New York, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Chicago, Moscow ndiponso mizinda ina.

N'zochititsa chidwi pofuna kuthetsa vuto la kuchulukana mu Athens. Pali m'kati mwa mlungu kwa manambala ngakhale pa msewu kokha analoledwa kuchoka magalimoto, amene manambala mapeto ndi chiwerengero. Pa wosamvetseka masiku kalendala - zosiyana. Motero, aliyense makina amene kumzinda mu tsiku. Ngati zindikirani apolisi mu galimoto kuti waphwanya malamulo, ndiye mwini wake adzakhala ndi kulipira chindapusa cha mayuro 72. njira zofanana ntchito, ndi São Paulo.

Koma Singapore, ndi chotipinga akuvutika quotas. Monga tikudziwa, mzinda uwu kwambiri amadwala dera kuchepekedwa. Choncho, Singapore dalaivala asamangokhala kugula galimoto, komanso kugula kuumba ntchito zake. Quotas amagulitsidwa ku ogulitsira malonda, ndi ndalama pafupifupi pafupifupi $ 8,000.

Koma kodi kulimbana ndi chotipinga mu Moscow? Pa nthawi, kulimbana lonse yafupika makamaka yomanga polumikizana latsopano siteshoni okwerera sitima. A ntchito zothandiza kwambiri nkhondowo kuchulukana wakhala zothandiza Internet "Yandex-sankafuna" lomwe lili mudziwe ntchito monga magalimoto ukuyenda mwa mzinda.

Choncho, kuchulukana - izi ndi zotsatira mosalephera a mizinda. polimbana chotipinga mu dziko ikuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo asayansi ntchito pa vutoli, osauka koposa njira zatsopano za vutoli.