Malamulo zachilengedwe ndi mfundo amafotokoza

Lingaliro la "zachilengedwe" amachokera ku mawu achigiriki "oikos" kutanthauza "mokhalamo", "m'mene angatetezedwe", "kunyumba". Mtundu uliwonse wa anthu dziko amakhazikitsa malo, otchedwa kunyumba. Makamaka, anthu wakhala kunyumba ya lonse dziko lapansili, kuphatikizapo malo yozungulira.

Malamulo woyamba zachilengedwe anali kutsatira kwambiri dokotala wakale Hippocrates zaka zoposa zikwi ziwiri zapitazo. Iye anali wokhoza kufotokoza osati zotsatira mwachindunji okhala nyengo, mtunda, madzi ndi nyengo thanzi la m'madera osiyanasiyana, komanso anakwana kufotokoza poyerekeza anthropological wa mafuko tikukhala mu Africa, magombe Asian ndi European ya Mediterranean. mabuku ake ali ndi umboni wakuti chikoka cha moyo ndi zinthu zachilengedwe pa mapangidwe makhalidwe auzimu ndiponso thupi.

Patapita zaka 17, latsopano sayansi - mankhwala madera. Iye anaphunzira mmene zikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe ofala m'madera osiyana, pa zaumoyo wa dziko. The anayambitsa sayansi uyu anali Italy dokotala B. Rammatsini.

Ena chopereka kwa malamulo zachilengedwe anayambitsa wotchuka Russian wasayansi VI Vernadsky. Malinga ndi tanthauzo la Biosphere ndi chigoba cha Earth moyo akufotokozera zosiyanasiyana zamoyo. Mosiyana ndi alipo pa nthawi imene maganizo vuto la thupi - ndi chatenga ndi mmene zinthu zilili, Vernadsky anatsimikizira kuti nkhani moyo amatha ndithu kukweza padziko lapansili, n'kupanga topezeka wangwiro nyengo chitukuko. Aliyense ndondomeko chiri cholukanalukana mkati biosphere lapansi. Ndipo anthu ali mbali yaing'ono chabe ya biosphere, ndipo pomwepo munthuyo - ndi mtundu wa zamoyo.

Komanso, wasayansi wamkulu uyu wa patsogolo chiphunzitso cha noosphere lapansi. mfundo izi zikutanthauza qualitatively latsopano gawo - dera chifukwa kapena "Kuganiza chipolopolo". Ichi ndi gawo apamwamba a chitukuko cha biosphere, ndi mwachindunji ndi kubadwa ndi chitukuko cha chitukuko mu izo. The noosphere ndi imene wololera zochita za anthu amakhala wafala pa chitukuko cha dziko.

zosonkhanitsira chilichonse cha zigawo zochita kupanga ndi zamoyo, amene amakhala kugwira ndi kupalasa njinga ya nkhani, wotchedwa topezeka kudera. Mawu amenewa anali akufuna ndi Arthur Tansley mu 1935. Social malamulo a zachilengedwe, kapena, koposa chabe, zachilengedwe anthu, kudziwa khalidwe la ubwenzi ndi chilengedwe. Maziko ubale amenewa adayika morfofiziologicheskie zimene thupi kusonkhezera chilengedwe m'kati ontogeny.

Pali zapansi zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, zomwe zimakhudza zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya zamoyo moyo. Koma akuluakulu ndi amene amagwira zokhudzana ndi moyo ndi thanzi la munthu. Makamaka, n'zotheka kudziwa malamulo chachikulu zachilengedwe zokhudza thanzi la munthu:

• Zotsatira ofooka zambiri amayambitsa mayankho aliyense mwa dongosolo zachilengedwe, koma sizikutanthauza kuti chifukwa cha kudzikundikira, iwo sangasankhe zachiwawa ndi sizimadziwika njira zazikulu.
• View wa thupi pali chifukwa chakuti ozungulira chilengedwe complies kwathunthu ndi luso onse majini atengere mtundu umaimiridwa ndi kusintha kwake ndi kusinthasintha.
• Zachilengedwe kagawo kakang'ono (malo) a mtundu uliwonse akuimira mu chirengedwe, ndi kudzazidwa. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a AIDS wakhala ananeneratu asayansi pamaso kudziwika zizindikiro ndi wothandizila causative matendawa. Base ulosiwu chinali kugonjetsa ambiri matenda anthu anasiya ntchito ku kagawo kakang'ono zachilengedwe.
• Biosphere yankho. malamulo zachilengedwe ndi chotero kuti ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe, palibe aliyense ali ndi ufulu kupitirira malire chovomerezeka, kulola kachitidwe kusunga bwino katundu wapadera wodzilamulira lamulo, kudzikonda bungwe ndi kudzikonda yokonza. Apo ayi, mphamvu poyankha kutsutsa mphamvu ya chilengedwe kuposa kukopa anthu.

Science "zachilengedwe" - akonzedwa yaikulu malamulo ndi malamulo amene ayenera kutsata ngati anthu ali kukwaniritsa mogwirizana ndi mgwirizano ndi zachilengedwe. Koma, mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri adatayidwira mu mtima wa zilakolako zawo ndi zosowa, ndipo ambiri a malamulo zofunika zachilengedwe Kungoti ananyalanyaza, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira pafupifupi mpaka kalekale ndipo chiwonongeko kwambiri.