"Majdanek" Kuganizira. m'ndende za a Nazi

Wachiwiri World nkhondo, koma monga woyamba, zinachititsa kufa anapereka. Komabe, osati anapha asilikali Ofisala, koma palibe anthu osalakwa amene chabe sichinkagwirizana mtundu Aryan maonekedwe, kwa chiyero cha ndilo kotero-kumenyana German wolamulira Adolf Gitler munthu wopondereza. Anthu ambiri anafera ku ndende ndende pa manja a alonda wankhanza. Mmodzi wa m'misasa lalikulu otchedwa "Majdanek" za izo ndi ayankhidwa.

pofuna

Yozunzirako "Majdanek" anali mu Lublin mumzinda ku Poland. Iwo nalo dzina lake pa Turkic mawu "malo" (wodzilamulira). Ndipotu, pomanga misasa amenewa anayamba ndi Kutengera a Hitler, amene anapereka kuti Genrihu Gimmleru, mmodzi mwa nduna za mkulu wa ulamuliro wa Hitler, kukhazikitsa okwana anaziika pamwamba madera kum'mawa anagwidwa ndi Germany.

Pa tsiku lomwelo, July 17, 1941, Himmler anaikidwa mmodzi wa Police Chiefs - Odilo Globocnik - udindo polenga dziko Kapangidwe ka SS ndi zozunzirako mu wotanganidwa Poland. Komanso, Globocnik anali ndi udindo kwa Germanization tsankho la Poland. Maziko a kum'mawa kwa gawo wotanganidwa anakhala yozunzirako "Majdanek", ili kunja kwa mzinda wa Lublin. Ntchito yomanga zovuta anali kuyendetsedwa ndi akaidi okha.

Lamulo pa pomanga

Lamuloli boma kukhazikitsidwa kwa msasa anapatsidwa July 20, 1941. Tsiku lomwelo, Himmler analamula Globocnik analengeza paulendo wake kwa Lublin. Order limanena kuti m'pofunika msasa, amene adzakhala okwanira anthu za 25-50 sauzande, amene nawonso, adzakhala otanganidwa ndi ntchito yomanga nyumba za nchito SS ndi apolisi German. Ndipotu yomanga zovuta za anapatsidwa Hans Kammler, omwe ankakhulupirira imodzi ŵa posts kasamalidwe bajeti ndiponso kumanga SS. Kale mu September, iye analamula kuti chitani ndi chilengedwe cha m'ndendeyo, amene angathe malo ogona anthu osachepera 5000. Komabe, patapita pafupi Kiev, izo anagwidwa ndi chiwerengero zosaneneka akaidi a nkhondo, ndi Kammler anasintha malangizo ake analamula msasa 2 ndende - "Majdanek" ndi "Auschwitz", anaikira anthu zikwi 50 aliyense.

m'misasa yomanga

Poyamba, msasa woyamba inamangidwa kunja kwa mzinda wa Lublin, pafupi kumanda. Siyense ankakonda makonzedwe amenewa, ndiponso a boma anayamba kulalatira, kenako Globocnik anasamutsidwa kuti kudera lina, za 3 Km from mzinda. Pambuyo pake, apa pakubwera woyamba akaidi kundende ina.

Kukula kwa gawo

Mu November, Kammler analamula kuti mukulitse msasa, choyamba akaidi 125 zikwi, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi - mpaka 150. Patapita miyezi ingapo, ndi aakulu sikunali kokwanira, choncho anaganiza kuti atembenuke zovuta. Tsopano "Majdanek" amayenera pilirani akaidi 250 zikwi Soviet wa nkhondo, amene nambala chokula mosalekeza. Komabe, Kammler kuwerengetsera anapita awry. Yozunzirako "Majdanek" anawonjezera ndi mzake anthu 20 sauzande, ndipo pambuyo yomanga ake inaimitsidwa. Chilengedwe chipinda latsopano panafika anthu zikwi ziwiri akaidi Soviet wa nkhondo, amene mazana khumi anaphedwa mu November mogwirizana ndi mavuto adzaoneni ntchito ndi malawi. Kuti akadali ndi moyo anthu mazana asanu, amene pafupifupi 30% anali kale sangathenso. Mu December, ku malo kumanga panaoneka zana ndi makumi asanu ndi Ayuda, koma mwamsanga ili ndi matenda enaake a pakhungu, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi iye ankati miyoyo ya onse omwe anali nawo pomanga msasa.

msasa kapangidwe

Area msasa anali mahekitala 95. m'gawo lake lonse lagawidwa m'magawo asanu, mmodzi amene anali yekha kwa akazi. Zovuta inkakhala nyumba zambiri, Pakati panali 227 zokambirana ndi fakitale yopanga, 22 m'chipindacho akaidi a nkhondo ndi 2 utsogoleri. Komanso, "Majdanek" anali nthambi khumi, mwachitsanzo, "Plaszow", "Trawniki" "Grubeshok" ndi ena. msasa akaidi ankachita yopanga yunifolomu ndi mafakitale zida.

akaidi

Izi yozunzirako anthu ku Poland, malinga ndi kafukufuku boma anakhala pogona zosakhalitsa akaidi 300,000 a nkhondo, amene 40% anali Ayuda, ndi 35% - Zitsulo. Pakati pa andende ena anali ambiri Russian, Ukrainians ndi Belarusians. Pa gawo la khamu anachitiridwa nkhalwe aphedwe anthu pafupifupi 80 zikwi, kotala atatu amene anali Ayuda. Malinga ndi ena, "Majdanek" moyo akaidi hafu miliyoni ndipo anafa wafika anthu 360.000.

Ndi nthawi ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa zozunzirako iye anali kugwira pafupifupi 50,000 akaidi, ndipo mu 1942 mphamvu chawonjezeka kasanu. Iye anali nthambi khumi ndi kupanga yekha. Akaidi kuwonongedwa, kuyambira April 1942. "Cannon" imfa anatumikira mpweya "Chimphepo B", umene ntchito "Auschwitz". Ndipo mu September 1943, unayambitsidwa ndi nyumba imene ankawotcheramo mitembo ya.

"Erntefest"

Za m'misasa panali ya zikalata ndi zolemba, koma simungathe kuwonetsedwa pa pepala, momwe wankhanza ntchito "Erntefest" unachitika mu oyambirira November 1943. Tamasulira kuchokera ku mawu a German amatanthauza "zokolola chikondwerero", ndithu nditaona, zomwe zinachitika. masiku 3 awiri okha ndi 4 November apolisi SS kuononga Ayuda lonse la chigawo Lublin, akaidi mu ndende zozunzirako "Trawniki", "mfundo" ndi "Majdanek". Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana ambiri, anaphedwa anthu 40 43 chikwi.

Icho chinali choipa misa kupha. Akaidi anakakamizika kukumba ngalande zawo, wapafupi msasa. Mmodzi mwa anthu amenewo dzenje kutalika anafika mamita 100, m'lifupi 6 ndi akuya mamita 3. M'mawa wa November 3 Ayuda "Majdanek" ndi m'misasa onse pafupi zinachititsa kuti kunkhondo izi. akaidiwo m'magulu, analamula kugona za ngalande kuti mkaidi wotsatira mutu wake pa nsana wa munthu m'mbuyomu. Za zana oimira SS German anapha Ayuda onse m'mutu, wodutsa mizere ya. m'misasa onse Nazi amagwiritsa ntchito miyeso aakulu akaidi awo, koma kupereka izi chabe wodyerana. Choncho matupi okha malaya ngalande, mmodzi. Kuphedwa SS mobwerezabwereza bola ngati dzenje lonse linali kanthu. Pa kuwombera a nyimbo ankaimba kuti tisiye chowomberedwa ndi mfuti. Pamene ngalande zonse zidakhuta ndi mitembo, ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza zonyalazo lapansi, ndiye unachita kutenthedwa.

kupha

Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti kundende "Majdanek" poyamba anali ayenera kugwira yekha POWs Soviet. Ngakhale kuti umboni zopelekedwa mu Baibulo ili sakutero. Zopha anthu ambirimbiri anayamba pano chaka kumanga, ndipo mu 1943 malo umenewu wakhala boma msasa imfa. Apa, kupatulapo opaleshoni "Erntefest", makamaka ntchito zipinda mpweya. Pakuti chiphe choyamba ntchito mpweya monoxide, kenako 'Zyklon B ".

msasa kumasulidwa

Mu 1944, asilikali a Soviet anatha amasule "Majdanek". Ndende, zithunzi zimene kamodzinso kusonyeza callousness wa Waffen SS, nthawi yomweyo anasiya ndi Germany, zomwe, ngakhale kuti ankayesetsa kubisa umboni wa kupha misa, sanathe kuchita. Ku Germany ndi pamene pa sukulu, kuyesera kuononga nyumba imene ankawotcheramo mitembo, amene anali zochitika za kupha anthu ambiri, koma iwo alibe nthawi kuchita monga iwo anali mwamsanga kusiya malo awa. M'chaka cha chaka chomwecho asilikali Union a Soviet anatha kumasula gawo ndi m'misasa ena imfa, monga "Treblinka", "Sobibor" ndi "Belzec" lomwe inasokonekera mu 1943.

Pomaliza

Pakati pake penipeni, m'misasa Nazi sali osiyana. Onse chipangizo chosiyana umunthu ndi mfundo yakuti anthu onse ndi ofanana. Sipangakhoze kukhala "koma". Osachepera pa vuto lililonse ndipo akhoza kuonera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino osiyana, koma kupulula anthu ambiri sangathe wolungama ndi chirichonse, ngakhale chakuti anali nkhondo. Yozunzirako - chodabwitsa kuti kulibe basi chifukwa chinali chofunikira kwa ulamuliro wa Hitler, Hitler si munthu yemweyo anathamangira ku chipinda mpweya, imene nawo usilikali, asilikali ankhanza. Komabe, si aliyense amafuna imeneyi, ena anali motsutsa izo, koma iwo sakanachitira mwina, iwo ankayenera kuti akhale wankhanza kwa iwo si mlandu woukira. The uweme ambiri a iwo anayesa ngakhale akaidi, koma ali ofooka kwambiri kulungamitsa zochita zawo. Komabe, za udindo wapamwamba membala wa SS, ndipo sitingathe kunena kuti, chifukwa mwadala anatumiza imfa ya zikwizikwi anthu osalakwa, mwa iwo anali akazi ndi ana.