"Maize" (An-2): injini liwiro ndi zithunzi

Palibe munthu amene sakudziwa za m'ndegemu atione zimene anachita. M'nkhani ino tikambirana pang'ono za mbiri yake, makhalidwe chipangizo ndi ntchito. "Maize" (An-2) ali anagwira ndi biplane phiko kuwala zoyendera ndege. "Bulu", "bulu", bulu - dzina lake pa codification wa NATO. Mu mbiri yonse ya dziko ndege An-24 ndi waukulu umodzi-injini biplane. Zinasintha pokhapokha maonekedwe a zosintha ake - AN-3. ndegeyo ali ndi mphamvu imodzi galimoto Shvetsov chikwi ndiyamphamvu. Kulemera pa zofunika - 5250 kg.

A mbiri pang'ono

Lingaliro la kulenga makina unayambitsidwa mu 1940 ndi O. K. Antonovym. Tinkafunika ndi wosiyanasiyana ndege, amene ali mphamvu ya munthu mmodzi ndi matani theka ntchito zaulimi, ndege zankhondo zoyendera m'madera akumidzi a Soviet Union, akhoza kutenga kuchokera malo kakang'ono popanda vuto. Atangochoka nkhondo inkayamba, chifukwa cha zimene kufunika kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa makina zimenezi ulimi wapita ku maziko. Koma monga momwe dera la kumasulidwa ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa chuma cha dziko chuma funso adabweranso pakati patsogolo pa. "Maize" (An-2), zomwe zakonzedwa OKB 153 Antonov ndi ndege woyamba chinapangidwa mu 1947, pa August 31, Volodinym P. N. - mayeso woyendetsa. Dzinali otchuka amachokera Po-2. Pamodzi ndi zikayenda zina ndi mbiri, AN-2 - ndege yekha mu dziko yotulutsa zaka zoposa 60. Panopa, izo zichitike China. Pa Union chomwecho Soviet anamaliza mndandanda wake kupanga mu 1960, anamanga pa 5000 biplane. Pambuyo pake, nkhani anapitiriza pansi chilolezo ku Poland ndi China. The choyamba - 12 000 magalimoto ku 1957 1992, wachiwiri - 950 pa nthawi yomweyo. 10.440 ankapulumutsidwa ku USSR, ndiyeno - mu CIS. wopulumuka wathu "chimanga" - ndege, chithunzi mukhoza kuona - inkatumizidwa ku mayiko 26.

Ntchito AN-2

ndegeyo opaleshoni ku Soviet Union m'madera ambiri. bwino - pa mizere pamwamba mlingo kakang'ono cholinga cha mayendedwe a katundu ndi anthu. "Corncob" komanso (AN-2) zimapezeka, momwe munakonzera, zosiyanasiyana ntchito zachuma, kuphatikizapo mankhwala ntchito mlengalenga. Iye anatenga kuchokera In-2 seeding minda chimanga. Ndi lophweka ntchito, biplane oyenera ntchito ndi yaing'ono malo osakonzekera inali ikadali yopanda tala, popeza ali mtunda wochepa ndi zofunika. An-2 ndi yofunika kwambiri m'madera underdeveloped a ku Central Asia, Siberia ndi Far North, kumene ambiri ndi ntchito. Russian Utumiki wa Transport mu 2012, analengeza Launch mu 2015 wa wamakono kwambiri za 800 zidutswa za ndege patsogolo pathu, imene m'malo a mpweya zida navigation ndi injini adzakhala umatulutsa.

Kusinthidwa wa "chimanga"

"Maize" - AN-2 - ali zambiri zosintha. Nawa ena mwa iwo:

1. An-2M - Single modernized ndege ulimi.
2. En-2nn - moto, anthu wamba, ndi zimatengedwa ankafika zida.
3. En-2SKH - wamba ulimi.
4. En-2C - ukhondo.
5. En-2-TP - wodutsa magalimoto.
6. An-2T - zoyendera.
7. En-2TD - zoyendera amphibious.
8. An-2F - ndege kwa mlengalenga kujambula. Ndi Autopilot ochiritsira ndi fuselage, yapachiweniweni Baibulo.
9. An-2F - usiku zida zankhondo reconnaissance ndi chithunzi reconnaissance. Izo Khoma gawo mchira ndi awiri muyezo. Zida - UBT makina mfuti kapena mfuti yokha NS 23. Mayeso woyendetsa Pashkevich ndege woyamba chinapangidwa mu April 1949. Osati malonda opangidwa.
10. An 2 otchedwa "sniffer" mu 1960 zinachitikadi ndi adzitengere ulamuliro ndi makina wapawiri mfuti turret kukakumana mdani reconnaissance balloons.
11. AN-3 - ndege ndi HPT 20 - turboprop.
12. AN-4 - madzi, ndi galimotoyo akuyandama.
13. AN-6 - sounder m'mlengalenga, nyengo reconnaissance, ali ndi muyezo wa m'munsi wa zashuga zina.

A ochepa mfundo zosangalatsa

Biplane yodziwika moyo wautali, anapeza zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri yake. Pano pali mfundo:

1. Woyamba chitsanzo ndege, U-2 woyamba anaulukira January 7, 1928. Iwo unalengedwa motsogozedwa ndi Polikarpova Nikolaya.
2. Mu Soviet Union pa U-2 oyendetsa anali ophunzitsidwa. Uyamiko kwa Iye, msewu kumwamba linatsegulidwa zikwi ndege.
3. Mu 1932, pa bolodi U-2VS moti ankatha asanu mabomba vosmikilogrammovyh pa zopalira wapadera, ndipo mu cockpit kumbuyo panali mfundo chowombelera mfuti okonzeka PV-1.
4. Kodi katundu zofunika biplane, takambirana kale, ndi kuphunzitsa kanthu - makilogalamu 656 okha. Liwiro "chimanga" - 135-150 Km / h, osati mamita oposa 15 akufuna kuthawa ndi kuthamanga.
5. Nkhondo ya 1941-1945, a ku Germany ndi mantha kwambiri ya Soviet U-2, anawatcha "kusoka makina" ndi "chopukusira". Makamaka pa mabomba usiku.
6. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo, ife anayamba kuitana akazi amene anakhala woyendetsa pa biplane a. 23 anapatsidwa udindo wa Hero.
7. Pa okwera kopitilira muyeso-otsika, iwo anali kwathunthu wosaoneka kachitidwe mpweya chitetezo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, zinali zovuta kwambiri kuti atsitse.
8. Mayeso ndege ku Ukraine anagonjetsa South Pole m'ndegemu.

"Mtima" wa ndege wathu

Mu Soviet Union onse latsopano yomanga zinachitikadi pansi Mwambi wa "apamwamba, mopitirira, mofulumira." The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi mbali iyi ya ndege monga "chimanga" engine. Ngakhale panali ambiri wofuna injini chopangira mphamvu, kotero mu 50s Mu zaka zapitazo, anayamba mpweya chopangira mphamvu injini kwa An-2. Koma ndiye palibe ankapitabe analephera. Zaka pokhapokha khumi anayamba TMD-10. Tachita motsogoleredwa ndi Glushenkova VA mu Omsk ICD. Njira chotsatira ndi AN-3. Izi zinachitika mu 1971. Ndipo TV2-117S injini anaika pansi cockpit lapansi. Ndiye ndege anaonekera ndi awiri 850 okha TMD, yomwe inali ku uta ndi zimayenda ndi zida tinakwera wamba. Mu 1979 iye analenga chopangira mphamvu HPT 20 umene ndi modernized An-2.

"Maize" (An-2), makhalidwe a

biplane uyu ali zotsatirazi ntchito:

1. 5500 makilogalamu - pazipita kudzachitika-kuchokera kulemera.
2. 3400-3900 makilogalamu - kanthu kulemera kwa biplane a.
3. 5250 makilogalamu - pazipita ankafika kulemera.
4. 1240 malita - kulemera wamafuta.
5. 155-190 km / ola - ikuthamanga kwambiri.
6. 990 Km - osiyanasiyana anapanga ndi katundu.
7. 4.5 Km - denga okwera.
8. meters 12,4 - kutalika kwa biplane a.
9. 5,35 mamita - kutalika.
10. 8, 425 - kupeta phiko chapamwamba.
11. 5.795 - m'munsi phiko zikulilima.
12. mamita 71,52 lalikulu - phiko m'deralo.
13. anthu awiri - adalira.
14. 12 - chiwerengero cha okwera mu kusinthidwa wa An-2TD akhoza kumakhalamo paratroopers - 10.

An zida-2

Kodi inu mukhoza kuwona, ngati lero kuyang'ana mu "corncob"? Ndege, chithunzi cha zitsanzo atsopano zikutsimikiziridwa, zida ndi zipangizo zamakono okwanira: wailesi kampasi CHINGALAWA-9, A-037 wailesi altimeter, mbali gyro HPA 48, pentopeni wolandila MRP-56P, ESP ophatikizana dongosolo GIK-1. zida Communication chikukhudza: STC-7 - intakomu, wailesi siteshoni RS-6102 MW osiyanasiyana ndi R-DM 842 osiyanasiyana.

Pomaliza

Mosadziwika bwino ufulu kujambula "chimanga" ndi nzeru katundu mu ndegeyo inali Airbus usilikali Polish kampani. Mu May 2014, kunapezeka kuti kale kwa zaka zoposa ziwiri, Chiyukireniya Antonov Design Bureau sanali kupereka zikalata ku mbali Russian, amene anatha kuchitira umboni lamanja la biplane a. Chifukwa cha ichi, palibe mwayi kukhala pa maziko a ndege "corncob" (An-2), latsopano dera ndege. Patapita kufufuza kunapezeka kuti ufulu anagulitsidwa m'nyengo Soviet. Ndipo chifukwa lero uyenera okha wamakono zitsanzo alipo. Koma iwo ali mu Russian akupezeka pa nthawi amapereka ndalama zoposa 1,500, kuti ndege ilibe AN-2 Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana adzakhalanso.