Magawo a "Iron Lady" kapena Kodi msinkhu wa Tower Eiffel mu tchalitchi ya

The Eiffel Tower, yomwe umatchedwanso ulendo de A Eiffel, ndi imodzi mwa nyumba kwambiri anaonekela Paris ndi ambiri anapita kukopa alendo. Nkhani nyumba dzina la Mlengi wake Alexander Gustave Eiffel, ndi chidwi pa zifukwa zambiri, kuphatikizapo kuti kapangidwe ija inali samaoneka ndi mbali yosatha ya zomangamanga mzindawo. Tsopano "Iron Lady" serenely amayesetsa ndi Champ de A Mars, yomwe ili kum'mwera banki la khoka mtsinje, ndipo palibe amene akukangana kukongola kwake. Paris uzikonda "kaso dona" ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti Eiffel Tower - khadi la France, koma izo sizinali nthawi zonse.

mpikisano

Mu 1889 ku Paris, unachitikira chionetsero Mayiko patsogolo luso, odzipatulira kwa centennial wa French kuukira boma. Ikani kuwonetsera anasankhidwa Campus Martius. Zaka zitatu asanayambe komiti chionetserocho bungwe waneneratu ndi mpikisano kumanga bwino, chimene chingalowe udzakhalire mutu chionetserocho. Iwo anapatsidwa ntchito 700, ndipo ena chodabwitsa ndithu. Popeza chionetsero unachitikira kukumbukira centenary kusintha, mmodzi wa ziwembu akufuna n'zimene yaikulu inanyongedwa. ntchito ina - dongosolo yaikulu ndi nozzles mu mawonekedwe a nozzles kuti kulola kuwombera Jets madzi ndi madzi pafupi Paris mu nkhani ya chilala. Mwina chodabwitsa kwambiri chinali maganizo kulenga yowunikira 300 mita-mkulu zopangidwa lubwe ndi kuwala pamwamba, amene adzakhala yowala kuti Paris akhoza kuwerenga nyuzipepala usiku. Mwamwayi, ntchito zonsezi anakanidwa ndi zana cha maganizo yabwino chilengedwe cha Gustave Eiffel anali pamodzi dzina lake wopambana.

Kodi ntchito unachokera kuti?

N'zochititsa chidwi wotchuka injiniya ndi mlatho womanga sanali kupita nawo mpikisano, ndi kusodza koyamba la nsanjayo analengedwa kumbuyo mu 1884 ndi wamanga kutsogolera cha chikhulupiriro lake Maurice Keshlenom. Pamene Eiffel anapereka zina zachidule, chinthu wake chidwi zomangamanga njira. ntchitoyi anali kuimaliza kukonza ndi mlengi Emile Nuge ndi kugonjera mpikisanowo. M'nkhaniyi takambirana zinthu zosiyanasiyana, bungwe anatsindika kuti ntchito ya kapangidwe olimba Eiffel. Pa nthawi imeneyo, injiniya wolemekezeka anasintha yomaliza mawerengedwe ndi mamangidwe a nsanja. Iwo anayamba kwambiri ndi nthawi yambiri ndondomeko ya nyumba. Amayamikira ntchito Gyustav Eyfel adalamula kuti lalembedwa ndi mayina a 72 lalikulu mapulani, akatswiri asayansi ndi akufuna kwabwino amene anakhala nawo pa chilengedwe cha mwaluso chitsulo. maina awo kukometsera nsanja mbali zinayi.

ndemanga yoyamba

Kuyambira 1887 mpaka 1889 anali anamanga Eiffel Tower ku Paris. Kukwezedwa nsanja pa nthawi imeneyo anali 300,65 m. Dongosolo lonse masekeli kamvekedwe zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri anatumikira pachipata Chipilala cha chionetsero Mayiko mu Paris, zaka makumi awiri pambuyo pa mapeto a zomangamanga kuti ankaiphwasula. Kutsegula nsanja anatenga gawo la Prince of Wales, kenako Mfumu ya England, Edward VII. Ufumu Wake, ngati munthu maganizo waukulu ndi kuonera Wachiwiri-impressionism, anasangalala ndi malowa. "Iron Lady" anali bwino loti ndi alendo chionetserocho: izo anakwanitsa kusangalala anthu mamilioni awiri kwa miyezi sikisi. Komabe, izi nzeru kapangidwe naye chitsulo anakumana ochepa. Trehsotmetrovoy msinkhu wa Tower Eiffel mu tchalitchi ndi nkhani imene anapangidwa, chifukwa mkwiyo wa Paris ambiri. A kupemphera kwa akuluakulu oyang'anira tauni ndi mkwiyo pa Kumangidwa kwa chinthu lamkunkhuniza, analemaza nkhope ya mzinda, zinasaina nzika mazana atatu ndi kulemekezedwa France. Ena mwa iwo anali: GI De Mopassan, Emile Zola, Charles Fransua Guno (tate wa mtundu wanyimbo wa French lyric za zisudzo) ndi Dumas wamng'ono.

ndi kutalika kwa Tower Eiffel mu tchalitchi chiyani?

Tower tichipeza magulu atatu, zida ndi nsanja yakanema. Origin ndi pa mtunda wa mamita 57 kuchoka pansi, wachiwiri - 115, ndi wachitatu - mamita 274. Kaso maganizo zidzasintha wa Paris ndi malo ake ku view bird's diso, kunali koyenera kugonjetsa milingo 1710. Ndipotu, kutalika kwa Eiffel Tower ku tchalitchi inali pafupi 300 meters, ndipo pa mlingo sekondale pamalo anabwera mochedwa. Komabe, mavuto amenewa sanaime kuti akakumane ndi zomangamanga kwambiri. Popularity nsanja kukakamiza boma mzinda kusiya dismantling ake. Kuyambira nthawi imene Baibulo la "Iron Lady" wakhala yaitali dongosolo opangidwa mu dziko kwa zaka 41. "Chrysler Building" inamangidwa mu 1930 anakankhira izo mpaka 1957. Panthawi imeneyi nsanja linali lofika mlongoti, ndi kapangidwe anali kachiwiri pamwamba inawomba nyumba yaitali. Pakali pano, kutalika kwa Tower Eiffel mu tchalitchi ndi mamita 324. asinthire mu magawo zinachitika unsembe pamwamba pake mu 2010, mlongoti latsopano. Creation Eiffel chachiwiri yaitali kwambiri France pambuyo mlatho "Millau Viaduct", anazindikira monga mlatho apamwamba mu dziko.

Ndipotu zogulitsa

The Tower Eiffel zimachitika kwambiri pa nkhani zoberana osiyanasiyana koma kunapezeka kuti kwambiri akhama fraudster Victor Lustig: anatha pawiri mu 1925 kugulitsa nyumbayo. Munthu uyu mwaluso linapanga zikalata boma pa kugwetsa nyumba monga dilapidated, ndi kugulitsa kwa zidutswa. Iye adzitcha kazembe wamkulu wa unduna wa Post ndi Telegraph, anatumiza kuyitana kwa chikondi kwa anthu amalonda chinkhoswe mu zitsulo zotha. Trehsotmetrovoy msinkhu wa Eiffel Tower ku tchalitchi anali nyambo, kotero mwayi kupeza izo chidwi ambiri. Chisankho anagwa pa Andre Poisson, amene ankafuna kwambiri kuti nsanja, imene anapereka woba chiphuphu kuti amuchotsepo Otsutsa. Pamene wamalonda hapless anazindikira kuti anali atanyengedwa, olanda ndi sutukesi zonse ndalama kale anakwanitsa kuthawa. Poisson manyazi kwambiri kupita ku polisi. Atalimbikitsidwa ndi bwino fraudster anayesa kugwiritsa ntchito chisokonezo chomwecho mwezi. Koma pamene kunyengedwa ndi wogula anafotokoza maganizo ake ndi analidziwitsa apolisi, Victor anathawira ku US, kumene pamapeto anagwira zolakwa zina ndi mlandu.

utakhala

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, asilikali Nazi anayesa kukonza swastika yaikulu pamwamba pa nyumba yaitali kwambiri France. Koma miscalculated, kodi msinkhu wa Tower Eiffel, ndipo analibe mphepo gusts pa nsonga yake. Choncho chinang'ambika wamphamvu Mpweya chizindikiro anali kuloŵedwa m'malo ndi wina, amene anali kwambiri ang'onoang'ono. Adolf Hitler anayesa kuwononga Tower Eiffel mu 1944. Wopondereza analamula kazembe wa asilikali Paris, Dietrich Von Choltitz kupasula nsanja ndi zina katswiri kamangidwe ka mzinda, koma General anakana.

lero

Monga Frenchwoman woona, "Dona Eiffel" mobwerezabwereza anasintha mtundu. Tsopano zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, kuoneka okongola anakhalabe matani 57 a bulauni utoto kuti replicates bwino mithunzi zachilengedwe zamkuwa. Kuyambira mu 2003, "Iron Lady" wobvala lonyezimira chovala cha mababu zikwi makumi awiri, mwambo. The kampani, amene ankachita nawo chokongoletsera izi kuwala setifiketi izo, kotero kuwombera Tower Eiffel usiku kuwala amasonyeza popanda chilolezo chapadera sindingakhoze.

curiosities

Chimphona kukongola zonse chidwi cha Ofufuza kudzipha kapena eccentrics chabe. Mwachitsanzo, mkazi kudzipha ndi kumalumpha kuchokera pa nsanja Eiffel, koma anafika pa galimoto, ataima pansi, ndipo kenako anakwatiwa ndi mwini wake wa galimoto imeneyi. Mu 2007, ndi American dzina lake Erika Labri anakwatira Tower Eiffel n'kumusintha dzina wake omaliza LaBrie mu Eifel. Izi zinachitika chidwi unali mutu wa kukambirana uthenga ndi Intaneti.

Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, ndi Eiffel Tower kwa zaka zambiri ndi chizindikiro bwino ndi kukongoletsa likulu French.