Mafuta amene anapanga kuchokera zotsalira za zomera akufa: zoyimira ndi ndondomeko mapangidwe

Dziko lathu wolemera chuma. wapadera ake kwagona kuti iye Ngokhoza kulenga chinthu zofunika pa moyo wa munthu. Mwachitsanzo, ife nthawizonse ntchito mafuta, anapanga kuchokera zotsala za zomera akufa. Koma lokhudza chuma ndi momwe iwo anapanga? mafunso awiri awa akhale chidwi osati kwa ophunzira amene akuphunzira madera, komanso anthu onse amene amakonda kucheza.

Gawo ndi mafuta mitundu

Education mafuta n'zotheka m'njira ziwiri - zachilengedwe ndi yokumba. The choyamba - pamene opangidwa ndi ntchito popanda processing kwa phindu anthu. mtundu wina - pamene mafuta lachibadwa reprocessed anthu ndiyeno yekha ntchito. Komanso, pali utsi olimba, madzi ndi gaseous. Aliyense ali m'magulu awiri: zachilengedwe ndi yokumba. Nyimbo awo ofanana kwambiri, koma iwo amasiyana anthu ambiri zinthu zina. Makamaka, ndi wa hydrogen, mpweya ndi mpweya mankhwala awa angathe lamoto kudzikonda. Komanso, madzi alipo mu mafuta ndi asafe. zigawo izi sindingathe kudziletsa azinyadira, koma pakhale kuyaka. Samalani mafuta olimba, anapanga kuchokera zotsala za zomera akufa.

Peat: kapangidwe

M'madera a m'madambo zakale ndi madambo angapezeke lotayirira miyala - peat, amene ankaona mafuta wapatali. Iye anaonekera zikomo kwa nthawi yaitali imene anapeza mbali ya mbewu. Chifukwa waterlogging (kusowa kwa mpweya ndi milingo mkulu chinyezi), iwo sakanakhoza kudzera mu ndondomeko mpaka patsogolo komaliza achititsa kuti mapangidwe mafuta. Peat ndi maziko mapangidwe malasha. mafuta aumbike mwa zatsalira kwa zomera akufa, ali mkulu chinyezi wokhutira. Mu chikhalidwe, chithunzi ichi limatuluka kuti 95%. Komanso, muli mabwinja owoneka a zomera. Zinthu ziwiri zazikulu wosiyana peat malasha.

mitundu ya peat

The katundu wa mafuta mwachindunji amadalira khalidwe la mankhwala linakwiriridwa kuchuluka kwa gawo olimba kuti alipo mu peat, ndi digiri ake chinyezi. Komanso akhoza kukhala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera zachikasu mithunzi ya wanthaka. index Izi zikusonyeza mlingo wa kuwononga zinthu ndi makhalidwe anapeza. Pali mitundu iwiri: kukwera m'zigwa. Aliyense ali ndi matabwa ake mwini, chimene ndi osalimba osiyana ndi kukhuthala. Origin kungakhale chofewa ngati siponji, fibrous kapena chofewa ngati siponji-pulasitiki-viscous. M'zigwa mtundu wa mafuta ali ndi kapangidwe yosiyaniranapo ndipo anamvera, riboni ndi magawo granular Komkova. zolozerazi zimadalira osati pa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi mlingo kuwonongeka, komanso mtundu wa particles organic ndi mchere omwe ali m'bukuli. Kuchuluka kwa peat zimadalira zomera kuti kuonekera chaka, kwa mpweya ndi mlingo chinyezi.

Malasha: dongosolo

Pofuna kumvetsa ndi malasha, asayansi anachita yofufuza, kuliphunzira pansi simungathe kutiona. Mfundo asonyeza kuti kwenikweni ndi mafuta amene anapanga kuchokera zotsalira za zomera akufa. chiyambi chake, Iye ananyamula ndi bogs peat. Nthawi zambiri mukhoza kupeza humus malasha. Iye anaonekera kuyamika udzu manyowa, zimene zitsamba, masamba ndi ngakhale Moss. mtundu wina wa - izo sapropel makala, amene kambirimbiri nyama akufa ndi humus sludge. Woyamba mtundu zambiri wamba. M'kupita kwa zaka, zithaphwi ambiri pang'onopang'ono zapylyalis mchenga patapita kanthawi ndi zomera zambiri. Pang'onopang'ono, ndondomeko anali mobwerezabwereza kangapo, wambirimbiri zigawo za peat zimene pamapeto, aumbike mwa madipoziti zosiyanasiyana khala mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha ichi, lero ife akhoza kufinya mafuta kuchokera zatsalira akufa zomera.

mitundu ya malasha

Pa nthawi, tikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu ya malasha. Choyamba - ichi ndi lignite kapena zofiirira malasha, amene makamaka anapeza boilers ang'onoang'ono. Iwo apangidwa pa akuya pafupifupi kilometre kupanikizidwa ndi apamwamba kutentha. Mu kapangidwe kake alipo pafupifupi 50% mwa zigawo oyaka, amene kwambiri kumakhudzanso khalidwe la kuyaka. Mpweya momwemo wambiri osachepera mitundu yonse atatu (50 77%).

Mtundu zina - ndi malasha. Iwo apangidwa pa akuya makilomita atatu, ili ndi mpweya kwambiri (75-95%), zomwe zimaonekera mu kuyaka bwino. kuchuluka amakhudza mankhwala khalidwe. mpweya Izi ino monga chiwerengero chachikulu cha zigawo loopsali ndi madzi. Kumapeto kwa phulusa kuyaka chikhalire.

Kenako view - ndi anthracite. mafuta aumbike mwa zatsalira kwa zomera akufa, ndi digiri wamphamvu kwambiri coalification. Lili kuchuluka pazipita mpweya (mpaka 98%), pamene mu kapangidwe kake kuchuluka osachepera volatiles ndi chinyezi. Izo ntchito mafakitale ndi ntchito zapakhomo. Izi zili zodula kwambiri, koma pa nthawi yomweyo ali ndi linanena bungwe pazipita kutentha pamene nazitentha.

Khalidwe ndi mtundu wa malasha zimadalira akuya mapangidwe ndi mtundu wa zomera kuti anali maziko a maphunziro ake.