Muskeg: maphunziro, msinkhu, chidwi mfundo

Pafupifupi m'dera lililonse Hrs Tingaone zodabwitsa malo zachilengedwe zotero monga peat bog. ogulitsirawa nkhokwe yaikulu mphamvu, m'mayiko ena chonde ndi thanki madzi, kupereka mphamvu ya mitsinje.

mafotokozedwe

Dambo otchedwa malo dziko ndi chinyezi owonjezera nthaka ndi stagnate padziko madzi chaka chonse. Chifukwa chosowa madzi zinyalala masinthidwe amtundu zimachokeradi, ndi madzi kukoma gawo pang'ono ndi pang'ono ndi zomera. Chifukwa, kusowa kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi kwambiri padziko madipoziti peat anapanga. makulidwe awo ndi zambiri osachepera 30 cm.

Peat - mchere ntchito ngati gwero mafuta ndi feteleza organic, kotero m'madambo zofunika kwambiri chuma.

Zifukwa mapangidwe peat bogs

Mbiri ya zikamera wa zaka zoposa 400 miliyoni. Modern "mnyamata" dambo akafika zaka pafupifupi 12,000 zaka. malo awo onse a dziko lapansi ndi za miliyoni 2,682 makilomita lalikulu, lomwe 73% nkhani ndi Russia. Zikamera wa zithaphwi patsogolo zinthu zingapo: chinyezi nyengo mbali ya malo a, pamaso pa zigawo impermeable nthaka moyandikana la pansi.

Pambuyo chinyezi yaitali kwambiri m'nthaka zimachitika njira yeniyeni zikubweretsa kudzikundikira peat. Nkhalango mu zikhalidwe za mpweya njala kufa kumene anthu a chithaphwi zomera, ndi bwino ndinazolowera moyo wotere. Zonsezi zimathandiza kuti waterlogging zina, amene anatsagana ndi peat kudzikundikira. Pamene kupanda zatsalira mpweya zomera kuwola ndinso incompletely, pang'onopang'ono kudziunjikira kupanga peat bog.

zomera

Zikhalidwe achilendo moyo amathandiza kuti chitukuko cha zomera enieni. Kupanda kagayidwe madzi amalenga kupanda laimu mu madipoziti ndi peat. Zimenezi zimathandiza munthu chulutsa sphagnum Moss, omwe sangakhoze kulekerera pamaso pa ngakhale wochepa laimu madzi.

zomera ankaikira peatlands pazikhalanso cranberries, blueberries, cloudberries, lingonberries, sundew, Andromeda. Choona chidwi ndi onse ndi zinthu zimene kupewa imfa madzi, ankaikira zomera, amene amachuluka mu malo ouma.

peat mapangidwe

Ndi miyala organic munali 50% mchere. Ndi phula pano, zidulo humic ndi mchere awo, komanso analibe nthawi kuwola ndinso mbali ya mbewu (zimayambira, masamba, mizu).

Wosanjikiza chapamwamba kuphimba peat bog ndi hydromorphous nthaka. Iwo litadzala ndi invertebrates ndi yaying'ono-zamoyo, atagonjetsa mizu ndi kumatanthauza kagayidwe a m'dera chomera. peat kudzikundikira ndi wochedwa - chaka wosanjikiza makulidwe ndi chinawonjezeka ndi zosaposa 1 mm. Izi kwakukulukulu zimadalira mlingo kukula kwa waukulu peat-kupanga - sphagnum Moss.

Pang'onopang'ono, mchikakamizo cha overlying zigawo cha peat ndi tikaumbike, kumachitika kusintha mankhwala, ndipo pali gawo zochita kupanga. Ntchito zamoyo wosanjikiza izi anapitiriza ngati madzi mu chithaphwi variable yotentha ndi yafupika masentimita 40.

Peat - mchere ntchito m'mafakitale zosiyanasiyana komanso ulimi. Ali monga chuma yaiwisi kwa chilengedwe cha zamwano, koma nsalu amphamvu. Peat kubala mankhwala. Luso peat kuyamwa madzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zofunda ziweto. Komanso chachikulu organic fetereza.

kutanthauza peatland

Mkulu chiwerengero cha ngalande achinyontho kwachititsa chakuti panali kuopseza kutha awo. Mu 1971, msonkhano Mukalowa mu Ramsar, cholinga chimene anali kusunga madambo. M'mayiko Pali 60 akugwira nawo lero (kuphatikizapo Russia), umene uli makamaka za vuto la mofulumira wa peat bogs.

dambo aliyense ndi mgodi achilengedwe. Pamodzi, pilirani kuti kasanu madzi abwino kuposa mitsinje yonse ku dziko. bogs Peat zimakhudzidwa kuonetsetsa mitsinje chakudya. Yaikulu ya iwo amatha kusiya moto nkhalango. Iwo humidified mpweya malo ozungulira ndi kutumikira ena fyuluta. M'chaka 1 mahekitala dambo zimatenga ku mlengalenga mpaka makilogalamu 1500 pa carbon dioxide, kulekanitsa makilogalamu 500 a oxygen. Peat m'zigawo zambiri kumayambitsa chiwonongeko cha m'madambo, ndi chifukwa, kukhala osaya mtsinje, popangidwa ndi kukokoloka, pali kusintha kwa Edene.

peat bwino anasunga kwa zaka, zotsalira za zomera, umuna, mbewu, zomwe mungathe kuphunzira kale la dziko lathuli. Opezeka peat bogs athandiza Mwachitsanzo, asayansi apeza kuti mitundu ina ya nyama tingodikira uko kusintha nyengo.

Dambo - Izi ndi zochepesetsa anakhudzidwa ndi phukusi topezeka anthu, choncho ndi malo achitetezo kwa zomera zambiri ndi nyama kutchulidwa Red Book. Apa pali zipatso za mtengo wapatali, monga cloudberries, cranberries, lingonberries.

Ufumu wa mizimu

Izo anapulumuka nambala yaikulu nkhani komanso nthano kugwirizana ndi zithaphwi. Iwo akhala ankakopa anthu ndi chinsinsi chake ndi pa nthawi yomweyo mantha. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, T. Kwa. The wapezeka zina amapeza peat bogs anachititsa mantha weniweni. Mwachitsanzo, mu bogs ndi peat ili mu Norway ndi Denmark, zotsalira za anthu mazana asanu ndi awiri amene anakhala zaka zikwi zambiri zapitazo apezeka. Choyenda chilengedwe chawo bwino otetezedwawo ngakhale mtembo kapena zovala zawo pafupifupi ..silinaona kwa nthawi yonseyi.

Palibe mantha zochepa anachititsa mu masiku akale chochitika chimodzi, nthawi zambiri Tingaone mu chithaphwi. Choyamba, padziko izo bulges kuwira yaikulu, ndiye ndi bursts phokoso, ndi nkukwera m'mwamba ndege ya madzi kapena matope. Anthu ankakhulupirira izi wachisoni choonetsedwa mawonetseredwe a mizimu yoipa, ndi mizimu yoyipa okhala peat bog. Ndipotu, zodabwitsazi ndi, ndithudi, pali kufotokoza sayansi. Chifukwa cha kuwola kwa zomera chithaphwi kwaiye mpweya methane, amene anapeza pansi wosanjikiza wa sludge pansi pa bog lapansi. Pakuti masango lalikulu kwambiri ndipo izo zimachitika choncho umuna ndi zachiwawa. Kwenikweni, gasi uyu akubwera kwa bata pamwamba mu mawonekedwe a thovu laling'ono.

Choncho, chinthu choyipa kuposa bogs oopsa peat, ndi kuthekera kwa moto, nthawi zambiri zimachitika pambuyo kuyanika.