Likulu la Karakalpakstan - Nukus. Autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan ku Uzbekistan mbali ya

Karakalpakstan - mabwalo mu Asia Central, omwe ali mbali ya Uzbekistan. A malo odabwitsa atazungulira zipululu. Ndani Republic Karakalpak anapanga ndi mmene? Kodi izo ili? Kodi chidwi pano mutha kuona?

Republic mu nyanja zouma

Dera la Karakalpakstan lili m'chigwa cha Amu Darya Mtsinje ndi umalandira kugombe la nyanja Aral - kamodzi wachinayi kukula mu dziko lapansi. Republic of ili la Uzbekistan anatchuka. Karakalpakstan wakhala malo tsoka zachilengedwe. Mu Soviet Union, madzi kupita mu Nyanja Aral anayamba kutsogolera mitsinje kuthirira madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pang'onopang'ono, nyanja anayamba kukula osaya ndi youma.

Kale mu Nyanja Aral anali anthu mitengo yofunika kwambiri ya nsomba zambiri zinali ntchito asodzi a. Panali angapo zomera nsomba ndi mafakitale. Chifukwa cha ntchito wodzikweza wa madzi ikuchepa chaka chilichonse. Nyanja gawo pang'onopang'ono anapambana chipululu, ndipo mankhwala ntchito ulimi, anakaika padziko, kupanga kuphatikizapo mpweya m'dera poizoni.

Tsopano Republic of Karakalpakstan chikudziwika ngati "manda a zombo." Pa kuyanika wozengereza nyanja, zombo zambiri akhalabe ataima pa malopo. Padoko kale Moinak tsopano yaikulu dzimbiri chotengera m'katikati mwa mchenga wotentha chipululu.

mwachidule

Karakalpakstan ndi mabwalo a yekha, chomwe ndi mbali ya Uzbekistan. Kuti mupewe dziko, zikhoza pamaziko a zpani zambiri. udindo Wamkulu Koposa amalola Karakalpakstan paokha kulimbana ndi dongosolo loyang'anira Republic, popanda pangano ndi Uzbekistan.

Karakalpakstan ali mbendera yake, chizindikiro, nyimbo ndipo ngakhale malamulo ndi boma mabungwe. Pulezidenti wa Karakalpakstan Erniyazov Musa Tazhetdinovich ndi wapampando mutu. gawo Republic a lagawidwa madera 14, wotchedwa chifunga. Likulu la Karakalpakstan - Nukus - ndi osiyana utsogoleri unit. Ndi kumzinda waukulu wa Republic. mizinda ina ikuluikulu ndi Turtkul Chimbal, Khodjeyli, Beruni, Kungrad ndi Takhiatash.

Economy zachokera pa ulimi ndi m'mafakitale. dzinthu nakulitsa (tirigu ndi mpunga), thonje, silika. Kufalitsidwa ndi ziweto. Dziko ndi kokha koloko zomera ku Central Asia, ku Kungrad Carbide opangidwa ku Hodzheylise ndi fakitale galasi, likulu la Karakalpakstan ali chingwe ndi za nsangalabwi mafakitale.

madera

Mmodzi wa mayiko chidwi kwambiri a ku Central Asia - Ndithu Karakalpakstan. Ali Republic? Iwo lili ndi Turan m'zigwa, kumadzulo kwa dziko la Uzbekistan. Kummawa izo malire ndi zigawo ziwiri za dziko (Navoi ndi Khorezm). Western, kumpoto ndi kumpoto kum'mawa malire a Republic of Karakalpakstan magawo ndi Republic of Kazakhstan, kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa - ndi Turkmenistan.

Zipululu zatenga kwambiri dera la Republic, ndicho 80%. Mu kumpoto ndi Kyzylkum chipululu. Kumpoto kwa dziko m'malo mwa Nyanja Aral, chipululu watsopano - Aralkum. Amakhala mchenga ndi poizoni salt, amene m'mavuto thanzi la anthu wamba.

Zachilengedwe tsoka kwambiri anakhudzidwa nyengo ya Republic. Iye anakhala zikuchepa chokhala ndi drier. M'chilimwe ndi yotentha ndi pang'ono mvula, nyengo yachisanu ndi pafupifupi munthu chisanu. Mu ankadziwana Amu Darya nkhalango riparian kukula. Ena mwa anthu A m'chipululu maudzu wamba - mitengo ndi zitsamba.

History of Karakalpakstan

Pa m'gawo la anthu amakono Karakalpak ndakhala kuyambira nthawi Neolithic. Maziko a Karakalpak mafuko mafuko Pechenegs anapita, anakhala pano pamodzi ndi Oguz za mu II-VI zaka BC. Dzina latsopano fuko chifukwa kuvala zipewa zopangidwa ubweya wakuda.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIV aumbike Nogai Khanate, womwenso ndi Karakalpak. Pambuyo pake, lagawidwa magulu angapo. Pamodzi ndi asanu gulu ulus Karakalpak padziko dera Aral Nyanja, ndipo mu 1714 anakhazikitsa Karakalpak wake Khanate.

Atagonjetsedwa wa Khanate wa Kalmyks alionse amapita ku Tashkent, ndi mbali ya amakhalabe malire m'munsi mwa Syr Darya. Yomwe ili m'mphepete m'munsi mwa mtsinje Karakalpak anakhala nzika za Mfumu Russian.

Kenako Karakalpakstan ndi mbali ya mabungwe osiyanasiyana pagulu. Mu 1917, amakhalanso mbali ya Chikazaki ASSR, ndiye linati mwachindunji Socialist Russia. Mu 1932 anapanga Karakalpak ASSR. Mu 1936, mabwalo mbali ya Chiuzibeki SSR, pambuyo Soviet Union kumanzere Karakalpakstan yoyenda yokha Republic of mkati Uzbekistan, kusainira pangano zaka 20.

anthu

Mu Karakalpakstan pafupifupi mamiliyoni 1.8 anthu. chiwerengero cha m'tawuni ndi kumidzi za ofanana, koma anthu a kumidzi akadali kuposa. Pa dera la Autonomous Republic of chiwerengero chachikulu cha moyo mu Karakalpak gawo la Uzbekistan (500 zikwi). chiwerengero chawo okwana ndi pafupifupi 600 zikwi. A mbali yaing'ono ya anthu akukhala Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan ndi Russia.

Chiwerengero cha Chiuzibeki ndi Karakalpak Republic of Karakalpakstan ndi pafupi zofanana. Kazakhs ndi wachitatu mtundu gulu kuwanda. Mu Republic pali zinenero awiri mitundu: Chiuzibeki ndi Karakalpak. chilankhulo Karakalpak ali kufanana kwambiri ndi Chikazaki izi zimayambitsa kusiyana pandale mwa anthu. Chipembedzo chachikulu ndi Sunni Islam.

zokopa Republic

Karakalpakstan otchedwa malo ofukula zinthu zakale. Pali pafupifupi isanu ndi akatswiri a zinthu zakale, monga kuthetsa Toprak-Kala, amene analipo pa nthawi kuchokera ine IV m'ma AD. Pamudzi wina, Dzhanpyk Kala, analipo pa dera la Republic ndi zaka IX-XI.

Pakati zipilala za archeological - wakale linga Kyzyl-Kala, Big Guldunsur, Janbas Kala. Last analipo kale nthawi yathu ino ndi chipilala cha chikhalidwe cha Khorezm. Palinso malo angapo kulambira. Pakati pawo Koykrylgan Kala. Omangawo cylindrical mamita 80 Kumwambamwamba, amene ankagwiritsa ntchito akulambira Azolowasita patapita anatumikira monga nsanja chizindikiro.

Kuwonjezera zokopa mapulani, palinso chibadwidwe dziko. Choyamba ndi Aral Nyanja pafupifupi zinasinthiratu mu chipululu m'manda a zombo doko kale Moinak ndi Kyzylkum chipululu. Pafupi ndi mtsinje Amu Darya ndi malo Badai Tugay.

likulu la Karakalpakstan

Nukus ili pa gombe la Amu Darya Mtsinje m'chigawo chapakati cha dziko. Mudzi waukulu iye Zakhaladi, kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito ili chitachitidwa ndi mzinda Turktkul. Likulu la Karakalpakstan kusinthidwa mu 1933.

Mzindawu uli pafupifupi 300,000. Ndi yaikulu mu dziko. Tsiku lanuli pochimanga akuti ndi 1860, koma ofufuza amanena kuti Nukus - mzinda ndi mbiri yaitali. Midzi mumzinda analipo kalelo. Ndi IV BC. e. IV pa N. e. apa pali Shurcha linga, anamanga anthu a Khorezm Khanate.

Nyanja Aral si kutali, kotero Nukus (Karakalpakstan) anakumana ndi mavuto kwa ngoziyi. Capital kuchokera kumbali zonse atazungulira m'chipululu cha Karakum, Kyzylkum ndi Ustyurt Aralkum - ichi miyala m'chipululu. Ngakhale kuti likulu la Republic wazunguliridwa ndi chipululu, Nukus - mzinda wa greenery ndi maluwa.

zokopa Nukus

Likulu la Karakalpakstan mulibe kwambiri malo wosaiwalika. Zokopa waukulu mu mzinda ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Museum wa Art dzina la IV Savitsky anadzipereka kwa Russian avant-garde kupenta nyumba ya atumwi XX. Amadziwika monga History Museum Berdakh. chionetsero wake akupereka amapeza zosiyanasiyana pofukula mu dziko.

Near mudzi ndi Chilpyk kutchalitchi, anamanga mu II m'ma AD. Malowa ali pamtunda pa phiri mamita 30 kutalika ndipo ali mawonekedwe a mphete lotseguka amene m'mimba mwake pafupifupi mamita 70.

Pakati Nukus ndi mzinda ndi mapulani zovuta Hodzheylis Mizdahkan. Komanso amatanthauza malo pofukula, monga inamangidwa mu BC IV m'ma ndipo zinatha mpaka BC XIV atumwi. Zovuta chimakwirira mazana awiri mahekitala. Mbali yaikulu, monga manda, ndi pa mapiri atatu.

Pomaliza

Maziko a Republic of Karakalpakstan ndi Asian mtundu Karakalpak. Woyamba maphunziro pagulu la anthu tinganene kuti Karakalpak Khanate analenga m'zaka XVIII. Tsopano Karakalpakstan ndi gawo la Uzbekistan. A Nukus ndi mzinda waukulu.

A lalikulu la Republic aphimbidwa ndi zipululu. Mmodzi wa iwo anapanga chifukwa cha kuyanika wa Nyanja Aral. Mu malo ake ndi tsopano latsopano chipululu Aralkum. Komabe, m'madera chipululu - si onse Karakalpakstan. Anthu m'dera lino munakhala ndi maulendo wosazindikira choncho pali ambiri ofukula zinthu zakale ndi mapulani zipilala. Ena mwa iwo anakaonekera yathu ino.