Kumeza-wakupha: kufotokoza ndi zithunzi

Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kwa anthu ambiri mu barani namzeze ndi zambiri amatchedwa wakupha chinsomba namzeze. Mbalame zazing'ono anthu imakhudzana ndi kutentha, ndi amadyera achinyamata ndi ofunda dzuwa. Namzeze-wakupha mu Chikhristu ndi chizindikiro cha chiwukitsiro. Malinga ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo, mbalame kakang'ono aka anali kuyesera kutaya chisoti cha minga pamutu Khristu.

M'mayiko ambiri chizindikiro cha chiyembekezo ndi kukoma mtima ndi khola kumeza. Wakupha zinsomba mu 1999, Union chitetezo cha mbalame m'dziko lathu amene asankhidwa mascot chaka. Ndi awa nthenga wokongola zogwirizana ndi zizindikiro zambiri wadziko ndi zikhulupiriro zosiyana. Mmodzi mwa iwo anati kuti amene imawonongeka chisa kumeza akuyembekezera tsoka, tsoka lina, ndi mitundu yonse ya vuto.

Nthano ina limanena kuti ngati kumeza pansi pa ntsoyi ya nyumba yanu adaluka chisa chake, choncho ndi otetezeka ku moto. Ngati kumeza anaulukira kum'mwera oyambirira - chaka adzakhala osangalala.

subspecies

Pakati kumeza okhala pa gawo European, ndi ambiri mitundu iwiri: m'midzi ndi m'mizinda. Chachikulu kusiyana kwagona kuti namzeze, amene amakhala mu mzinda, akumanga chisa kunja kwa nyumba, ndipo mabanja angapo akhoza kumanga nyumba zawo pafupi wina ndi mnzake.

Barani kumeza wakonda kusamuka oyandikana nawo nyumba, kaŵirikaŵiri lili mkati zomangamanga ndi zitsulo. Martin mu ndege zimapangitsa pafupipafupi kukupiza mapiko, ndipo pamene zambiri zoyandama.

Chiyambi cha dzina

Ambiri novice mbalame Alonda ndi namzeze-chidwi chinsomba. N'chifukwa chiyani dzina la mbalame yaing'ono iyi? dzina lake lachiwiri kumeza chifukwa cha yaitali ndi zopyapyala nthenga mchira. Iwo ali kutchedwa "mangongo". Mfundo imeneyi Dzina limeneli ngakhale mbalame imodzi - bakha-zinsomba.

mbali kunja

Kumeza-wakupha kukula kwambiri ang'onoang'ono mpheta - thupi lake kutalika kwa khumi ndi masentimita, ndi kulemera alibe upambana magalamu makumi awiri. The kumtunda kwa thupi la mbalame yakuda, feathering ali ndi kukomoka zachitsulo Sheen. Chainstays zoyera pinki woongoka beige. Khosi ndi mphumi red-bulauni. Nsonga ya mchira forked ndi kutsiriza ziwiri ndi yopapatiza akunja cholembera (mangongo).

Pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pafupifupi palibe kusiyana jenda, koma kuti mangongo amuna ndi otalikirapo. mbalame Young ndi paler mtundu, ndipo iwo alibe tsitsi.

mawu

Kumeza wakupha chinsomba chithunzi, zomwe mungathe kuwona kuchokera mu nkhani iyi, ali m'malo shrill ndi mokweza mawu. Kuimba amuna angamvele isanafike kunyamuka kwa chisanu ndi nthawi yophukira kusamuka. Kuimba nyimbo mwamuna atakhala pa mawaya kapena kudzera mu mpweya. Ornithologists kuzindikiridwa nsonga angapo kuonjezera kuimba mwamphamvu. Kawirikawiri lifanane ndi kuika mazira pa m'zinthu awiri kuswana, ndi pa mndandanda wa nkhosa m'dzinja. Pa nthawi iyi, nyimbo ya namzeze ndi zikuoneka ndi mawu chizindikiro chimene chimabweretsa pamodzi ziwalo za kufungatira ndi nkhosa.

Makamaka wokongola okongoletsedwa namzeze (wakupha) mu madzulo ofunda ndi wachete. Panthawi imeneyi, iwo makamaka mosangalala. Nyimbo pambuyo amuna nyimbo kuimba chayamba. Ndi kokha pa Koyamba, ndi akulira yaitali mbalame zikuwoneka poganizira mosalekeza. Ndipotu, namzeze-chinsomba amayimba nyimbo ongokhala nthawi osiyana. Aliyense wa malekezero awa ndi yochepa ndi mng'alu youma. Pamakhala yochepa wenzulo woonda - mbalame akuyamba nyimbo yatsopano.

Nthawi nkhosa ngati ntchentche pa gulu, koma patapita kanthawi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ku malo omwewo kupuma ndi kuyeretsa nthenga, kuyimba nyimbo zawo kulira, kenako kachiwiri kuuluka pamodzi mu mlengalenga. akuluakulu amenewa ndi limodzi mwa modetsa nkhawa phokoso - ". yokhotakhota" Pa kukaikira mazira phokoso lomwelo angamvele ndi nkhawa za makolo chisa.

malo

mbalame aulemerero awa amapezeka pafupifupi paliponse, kupatula Antarctica. Barani kumeza - mbalame ataliatali. Chaka chilichonse iwo wotumidwa kwa dzinja mu climes otentha, ndiyeno kubwerera kunyumba kwawo.

Kumeza-wakupha: kukaikira mazira

Izi mbalame chisa m'madera akumidzi a kumpoto kwa Ulaya ndi North America, ku Middle East ndi Asia, Japan ndipo Africa North, ndi kum'mwera China. Wintering namzeze-wakupha ku Indonesia, Micronesia, Asia South. Kawirikawiri kumanga zisa zawo m'malo ndi chakudya chambiri. chikhalidwe china zofunika - kuli madzi.

Nthawi zambiri, iwo amamanga zisa outbuildings zosiyanasiyana: attics, saunas, nkhokwe, limatifotokozera.

kubalana

Kumeza, wakupha zinsomba ndi monogamous mbalame odnobrachnymi. okwatirana anapanga m'chaka, pambuyo yozizira kubwerera. Chaka chilichonse, awiri anapanga latsopano Komabe, pali milandu pamene pambuyo anapiye bwino iwo kusunga mchitidwe kwa zaka zingapo.

Amuna kukopa zazikazi, kufalitsa mchira ndipo simukulankhulanso khirisipi trill. Amuna opanda nsapato, ndi zambiri zaikidwa amapanga "banja" ndipo akhale nawo mu nyengo. Ngakhale kuti kudyetsa anapiye, koma kutenga nawo mbali pomanga ndi kuteteza chisa, amene ali ndi mawonekedwe a mbale. Mbalame kumanga izo dongo lonyowa ndi zitsamba zofewa. Kawirikawiri chili pansi mwala kapena denga.

chidzukulu

Kuswana nyengo chimakhala cha May kuti mochedwa August. Bakha kumanga chisa ana m'tsogolo. Pa nyengo, kawirikawiri awiri kufungatira. The wamkazi pakugona zowalamulira loyamba mazira anayi mpaka asanu, wachiwiri - kuchokera atatu sikisi. mazira woyera ndi zofiirira, wofiirira, kapena imvi mawanga. Iwo izibala zowalamulira makolo onse.

Nthawi makulitsidwe kumatenga khumi masiku. Anapiye zimaswa maliseche kwathunthu ndi osatetezeka. Makolo kudyetsa ana maulendo 400 tsiku, ndi pamaso kupereka watsopanowu tizilombo kumeza adagulung'undisa mu mpira zolimba. Mphukira mu chisa ndi masiku makumi awiri. Pambuyo nthawi imeneyi mbalame achinyamata ayenera aphunzire kawulukidwe.

Chakumapeto September, inu mukhoza kuona misa zikamera wa anapiye. Adziimire paokha mbalame wamng'ono kupanga ziweto zambiri ndi kuuluka kukafunafuna chakudya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo achinyontho, riverine meadows. Mu September, chiwerengero cha nkhosa aliyense wa kumeza kuchuluka kwa zikwi, ndi zina zambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, iwo amayamba kuthawira wintering malo.

chakudya

Kumeza-chinsomba kudzadzipeza chakudya mu mlengalenga. Zouluka pa malo lotseguka kapena pa nkhalango pafupi midzi, nthawizina - mozungulira msipu nyama, mbalame izi igwire tizilombo touluka zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina amatha akathyole tizilombo atakhala pa makoma a nyumba kapena udzu, iwo kusonkhanitsa chakudya kuchokera pansi ali osowa kwambiri.

Monga chakudya kudyetsa kwenikweni pa ntchentche, pali maganizo kuti khalidwe la mbalame izi Tingaone kuti nyengo chikuyembekezeka posachedwapa. Komabe, zimenezi si zoona. Mudzi kumeza igwire tizilombo touluka, nthawi zonse zouluka pa okwera otsika. Iwo swifts ndi kumeza m'tawuni agwire pa okwera mkulu, ndi madzulo pamene tizilombo amauluka, kumusi uko. Mulimonsemo, khalidwe la kumeza sangagwiritse mvula likuyandikira.

kupulumutsa mtundu

Kumeza, wakupha zinsomba - mbalame kuti yambiri miyoyo yawo mu mlengalenga. Ndicho chifukwa mbalame amadalira kwambiri pa nyengo. Ndi nyengo yaitali zoipa, iwo zambiri zimafa. Mwachitsanzo, odziwika bwino ornithologists chotero case, komwe kunachitika mu Switzerland (1974). Ndiye masauzande kumeza anamwalira chifukwa cha kusowa kwa nyengo nthawi yaitali chakuwuluka.

anthu Concerned scrambled kupulumutsa mbalame - iwo anasonkhana mbalame theka akufa ndi kunyamula iwo anatengedwa mu mayiko otentha Mediterranean. Mwatsoka, barani kufa kumeza osati chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa. Mu Italy analola kusaka.

Mosakayikira, padziko lonse zachuma ndi anthu ntchito amadza wokwiya chiwerengero cha mitundu. Kumeza mudzi, monga Tingaone dzina lake, wosachita konkire ndi phula. Kuchepetsa m'dziko wobiriwira, mitsinje ndi mayiwe akutitsogolera kuti kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha mbalame. Komanso, ndondomeko iyi kwambiri mofulumira mayendedwe.

M'mayiko ambiri European kukopa kumeza, mitundu kusamala mu akasinja wapadera anatsanulira dongo lapansi ndi manyowa ndi mbalame Sitiperewedwa zinthu zomangira zisa.

mfundo zosangalatsa

• Posachedwapa, chifukwa cha kulira mbalame chinapezeka boma kutsimikizira kuti kumeza m'nyengo yotentha mu Europe Central, ndi kanyumba popita ku South Africa.
• M'nyengo yozizira mu Africa kumeza chakudya osati ndi tizilombo, amene iwo amagwira mu ndege komanso nyerere.
• Ngati anapiye a kumeza ku zomangamanga chatha anali asanaphunzire kuuluka, makolo nthawi kuchoka kwa dzinja kuti akhalebe nawo mpaka timatha kuuluka pamodzi.