Kupuma - izi ndi ndondomeko za moyo

Kupuma - ndi zovuta multistage zokhudza thupi ndondomeko kwenikweni tichipeza mu mayamwidwe mpweya ku malo nawo ake wotsatira mu zochita redox.

Komabe, chibadidwe osati nyama apamwamba, koma zamoyo zonse aerobic, kuphatikizapo unicellular choncho tikhoza kunena kuti ndi njira yaikulu yopangira mankhwala mkulu-mphamvu. Kupangidwa mu mphamvu kupuma ndondomeko chimadyedwa zofuna ambiri a chamoyo. About 20% ya mpweya wa ankadya ubongo, chifukwa kuchita mkulu-liwiro nyemba anakhala zambiri magawo. A akupuma amapezeka mu magawo awiri akuluakulu: kupuma kunja (mnjira kuwombola mpweya pakati pa makoma a alveoli ndi capillaries m'mapapo mwanga) ndi mkati - zina zamayendedwe mpweya kwa maselo onse ndipo zimakhala.

Kupuma pa mlingo ma

Komabe, woyamba ndi zotsatira za ziwalo ndipo zimakhala, koma ma kupuma - ndondomeko pa zimatiyika maselo ndi atomiki kuti mpweya ali wofunikila elekitironi zoyendera unyolo ndi kuwonongedwa kwa woyang'anira zoipa O2 ndi madzi ndi kupanga mankhwala mkulu-mphamvu. Komanso, chifukwa otaya mosalekeza mosiyanasiyana izi zimafunikira mapuloteni apadera ndi pulotoni mwiniwake. Kupuma zamoyo apamwamba ndi njira kupuma kwa thupi, kuyeza ndi micrometer ndi, zimasiyana. Choncho, mabakiteriya amasiyana mitundu 3 ubale kwa mpweya. aerobes Mokhwima mpweya maselo analandira mwachindunji: a zokhudza ntchito mpweya (carbon dioxide, okusayidi sulfure ndi Al.), maselo chimodzimodzi kwa iwo amapha. Obwerawa mtundu wa kupuma mabakiteriya facultative zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito onse omangidwa ndi maselo mpweya malinga.

Njira ya kupuma anthu

Choncho, kunja kupuma - ndondomeko imene ikuchitika ndi kapangidwe ka Airways ndi minofu ya thorax ndi zakulera, imene kuthamanga mu mapapo madontho, mpweya wa imakhudzidwa mkati. Mpweya - n'zosiyana ndondomeko imene mpweya (makamaka mpweya woipa) chimafikira kunja. Bwinobwino ndi airway mpweya otaya ndi laminar, i.e. kufanana kwa mpanda wa bronchi ndi mwambo zopinga (obturation yachilendo chinthu, kudzikundikira ntchofu) chifukwa eddies chipwirikiti. Magazi mpweya machulukitsidwe amapezeka mu mapapo, inatuluka kuti mpweya anasamutsa kudzera capillaries kupita mu zotengera zikuluzikulu ndipo pamapeto pake akulowa mtima. Kuchokera kumeneko umapita pa msempha ndi akulowa makope zokhudza zonse.

kudwala

M'pofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pa kupuma ndi mpweya wabwino. Chachiwiri - izi ndi ndondomeko za kuchepetsa minofu intercostal ndi chifuwa kwambiri kusintha kukula kwake, otaya mpweya wa trachea ndi bronchi kuti alveoli lapansi. Poyankha, mpweya - ndondomeko iyi si layamba, koma kuwombola mpweya pa mlingo alveolar-capillary. Amachititsa osauka mpweya wabwino mwina matenda ndi zotupa kupuma thirakiti, chifuwa mapindikidwe, kutsekeka kapena chiletso (ndiko kumayambitsa chifuwa cha mphumu, matenda), zokhudza zonse za matendawa. Chachikulu m'mapapo mwanga mpweya wabwino mwina chifukwa zinthu pathological: matenda kanthu pharmacological mankhwala, chikhalidwe overexcitation, mkulu thupi yaikulu.