Mkati ndi kunja magawo mpweya kufotokoza ndi ntchito

An wamkulu amapanga mphindi iliyonse kwa mpweya khumi ndi ziwiri, ndi ana, malingana ndi msinkhu, amatha kupanga mpaka mpweya sikisite kwa kutalika kwa nthawi. Izi reflex unconditioned, amene amathandiza thupi kuti apulumuke. kukhazikitsa kosaoneka malire a ulamuliro wathu ndi kumvetsa. Kunja ndi kupuma mkati pamodzi ndi uthenga otchedwa. Iwo amagwira ntchito pa mfundo za maganizo. Ngati maselo mulibe mpweya wokwanira, thupi kumawonjezera mlingo wa kupuma, ndi mosemphanitsa.

tanthauzo

Kupuma - ichi slozhnoreflektorny mosalekeza kuchita. Iye amapereka magazi zonse mpweya. Amakhala ndi masitepe atatu kapena maulalo: kunja kupuma mpweya kayendedwe ndi minofu machulukitsidwe. Kulephera angayambe pa siteji iliyonse. Iye amatha kuyambitsa hypoxia ngakhale imfa. Mpweya kunja - ndi sitepe yoyamba imene mpweya kuwombola kumachitika pakati pa munthu ndi chilengedwe. Choyamba, mpweya akulowa alveoli. Ndipo mu ndime yotsatira diffuses mu m'magazi zoyendera kuti zimakhala.

Limagwirira mpweya kulowa magazi zochokera kusiyana tsankho kuthamanga mpweya. Kusinthana limapezeka pamodzi ndende masinthidwe amtundu. Kuti magazi ndi okhutira mkulu mpweya woipa mosavuta kulandira okwanira kuchuluka kwa mpweya, ndi mosemphanitsa. Imodzi minofu kupuma ndi izi: mpweya magazi limalowera mu cytoplasm wa khungu, ndipo kukufika pa mndandanda wa zochita mankhwala, wotchedwa unyolo kupuma. Potsilizira pake, njira zotumphukira umaperekedwa mpweya woipa ndi zina kagayidwe kachakudya.

mpweya Kaonekedwe

kupuma kunja ali ndi kudalira kwambiri zikuchokera m'mlengalenga. M'munsi mpweya uli m'bukuli, ndi zokayikitsa kuti kukhala mpweya. Mwachibadwa, pafupifupi zikuchokera mpweya:

• asafe - 79,03%;
• mpweya - 20%;
• mpweya woipa - 0,03%;
• mpweya onse ena - 0,04%.

Pa kutulutsa, ndi chiŵerengero mbali ya kusintha zingapo. Mpweya woipa kwambiri chifukwa 4%, ndi mpweya yafupika zambiri.

Kapangidwe ka dongosolo kupuma

kunja dongosolo kupuma ndi mndandanda wa machubu cholukanalukana. Pamaso kulowa alveoli, ndi mpweya kumathandiza kwambiri kuti kufunda bwino. Izo zonse akuyamba ndi ndime m'mphuno. Iwo chotchinga oyamba fumbi ndi uve. Tsitsi unali pa amphuno mucosa, amawagwiritsitsa particles lalikulu, ndi nsupa kwambiri spaced ofunda mpweya.

Ndiye pakubwera nasopharynx ndi oropharynx, pambuyo pawo - ya m'phuno, trachea, chachikulu bronchi. Yotsirizira anawagawa lobes lamanja ndi lamanzere. Iwo nthambi, kupanga mtengo bronchial. The bronchioles wamng'ono mapeto ndi kathumba zotanuka - alveoli. Ngakhale kuti mucous kumalumikiza Airways zonse, mpweya kuwombola limachitika kumapeto kwa iwo. Danga makuponi amatchedwa akufa. Mwachibadwa, kukula kwake ukufika ku Botolo zana ndi makumi asanu.

mkombero kupuma

mpweya A munthu wathanzi ndi umachitika mu magawo atatu: inhalation, mpweya ndipo perekani. Ndi nthawi dongosolo lonse limatenga awiri ndi theka masekondi khumi kapena kuposerapo. Izi ndi magawo munthu kwambiri. Mpweya kunja kumadalira chilengedwe imene chamoyo amakhala ndi boma lake la thanzi. Mwachitsanzo, pali zinthu monga ndalama ndi mlingo kupuma. Atsimikiza ndi nambala ya magulu a chifuwa mu kamphindi miyeso awo. Kuya kwa kupuma zingadziŵike ndi kuyeza buku la wotuluka tikamapuma mpweya kapena girth m'chifuwa pa inhalation ndi mpweya. ndondomeko ndi mwachilungamo wophweka.

Mpweya zidzachitika chidule cha zakulera ndi intercostal minofu. makhalidwe oipa analengedwa pa mfundo iyi, ngati "imayamwa" mpweya m'mapapo. Pankhaniyi, chifuwa zambiri. Kutulutsa ndi zotsatira zosiyana: minofu kumasuka, makoma alveoli amakonda kuchotsa hyperextension ndi analili wapachiyambi.

mpweya m'mapapo mwanga

Kuphunzira ntchito kupuma zathandiza asayansi kumvetsa bwino limagwirira wa chitukuko cha ambiri a matenda. Iwo ngakhale kupeza nthambi osiyana mankhwala - pulmonology. Pali i angapo imene ikufotokoza ntchito ya dongosolo kupuma. kunja zizindikiro kupuma si okhwima mtengo. Iwo zingasiyane malingana ndi munthu malamulo, zaka ndi ukupeza:

1. Osefukira buku (ml). ndalamazo mpweya umene munthu amapuma ndi okha. Wakudziko - kuchokera Botolo mazana atatu ndi mazana asanu ndi awiri.
2. Inspiratory malo buku (ufumu). mpweya ili, limene n'zotheka kuwonjezera m'mapapo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pambuyo mpweya ulesi kumufunsa kuti kupuma kwambiri.
3. Expiratory malo buku (Dipatimenti ya apolisi). Buku lino mpweya umene masamba mapapo, ngati pambuyo mpweya yachibadwa kupanga kwambiri. Chiwerengerochi onse ali pafupi wina ndi theka malita.
4. Yotsalira buku. ndalamazo mpweya umene amakhalabe mu mapapo pambuyo mpweya kwambiri. kukula kwake - kuchokera Botolo chikwi kwa mazana khumi ndi asanu.
5. Anayi chithunzi yapita pamodzi zimapanga yofunika m'mapapo mphamvu. Mu anthu, ndi wofanana ndi malita asanu akazi - zitatu ndi theka.

M'mapapo mwanga mpweya ndi buku lonse mpweya umene umadutsa mapapo mu miniti imodzi. Mu wachikulire wathanzi munthu yekha, chithunzi ichi zikuuluka kuzungulira asanu - malita atatu. Kuphunzira ntchito kupuma amafuna anthu osati ndi matenda, komanso mpikisanowo, komanso ana (makamaka ana akhanda msanga). Nthawi zambiri kudziwa zinthu zimenezi n'kofunika odwala kwambiri pamene wodwala ali kunditumiza ku wa othandizira (yokumba kupuma) kapena kuchotsedwa izo.

Mitundu yachibadwa kupuma

kunja kupuma ntchito zimatengera mtundu wa ndondomeko. Komanso malamulo ndi jenda munthu. wiri akhoza kuwasiyanitsa pa kupuma njira pachifuwa kuwonjezeka:

• Chifuwa, imene kuwuka m'mbali. Iye chogwidwa ndi akazi.
• M'mimba pamene chifundamtima flattens. Izi mtundu kupuma ndi chibadidwe zambiri amuna.

Pali mtundu wosanganiza, pamene zokhudza magulu onse minofu. chithunzi ndi wosiyana. Izo zimatengera osati jenda, komanso msinkhu munthu, monga sayenda a chifuwa zaka amachepetsa. Zingamvekere iye ndi chivomerezo: m'pamenenso ntchito, m'pamenenso zofala mtundu m'mimba.

Mitundu Pathological kupuma

Indicators ya kupuma kunja kusintha kwambiri pamaso pa kupuma matenda mavuto. Si matenda osiyana, koma chotsatira cha kudwala ziwalo zina: mtima, mapapo, zopangitsa adrenal, chiwindi, kapena impso. Cider akudutsa mu mawonekedwe onse pachimake ndi aakulu. Komanso, lagawidwa mitundu:

1. Obstructive. Kufupika kwa mpweya limapezeka pa mpweya wa.
2. Kutipanikiza mtundu. Kufupika kwa mpweya limapezeka pa kutulutsa lapansi.
3. Osokonezeka. Ambirife siteji osachiritsika ndipo zikuphatikizapo woyamba yachiwiriyo.

Komanso, pali mitundu ingapo ya kupuma nthenda, zimene sizinalembedwa womangidwa ndi matenda a chindunji:

• Cheyne - Stokes. Kuyambira pamwamba, kupuma chimakula ndipo pang'onopang'ono mpweya lachisanu kapena lachisanu ndi chiwiri ukufika mfundo yachibadwa. Pamenepo kumakhaladi akukumana ndi kungotengeka. Kumapeto kwa chete kwa uli kwenikweni pano - masekondi angapo popanda wina akapuma. Kumachitika mu makanda ndi choipa ubongo, kuledzera, hydrocephalus.
• Kussmaul kupuma. Izi kwambiri, phokoso popuma ndi osowa. Izo zidzachitika hyperventilation, acidosis, ashuga chikomokere.

Kudwala kunja kupuma

Kulakwila kupuma kunja kumachitika monga kugwira ntchito wabwinobwino wa thupi, ndi zinthu yovuta:

1. Tachypnea - chikhalidwe kumene mlingo kupuma kuposa nthawi makumi awiri mu miniti. Nthawi zina zonse zokhudza thupi (pambuyo katundu, mu chipinda yatsekera) ndi pathological (matenda a magazi, malungo, chipwirikiti).
2. Bradipnoe - ndi chosowa mpweya. Amaonera matenda a ubongo, kuchuluka intracranial kuthamanga, edema oziziritsa, chikomokere, kuledzera.
3. Apnea - kusapezeka kapena kutha kupuma. Izo zikhoza kukhala chifukwa ziwalo za minofu kupuma, poizoni, kuvulala m'mutu kapena edema ubongo. Komanso kumasula chizindikiro cha apneas tulo.
4. Dyspnea - kufupika kwa mpweya (dysrhythmia, pafupipafupi ndi kuya kupuma). Kumachitika pamene amaika thupi nkhawa, bronchial mphumu, aakulu obstructive matenda, matenda oopsa.

Kodi kudziwa zofunika za makhalidwe a kupuma kunja?

phunziro kunja kupuma ayenera idzachitika zolinga matenda kuwunika udindo zinchito za dongosolo lonse. Odwala amene kugwera mu gulu chiopsezo, monga osuta kapena ogwira zoipa mafakitale Choncho awulule chizolowezi matenda kuntchito. Kwa madokotala ndi Anesthesiologists boma la nchito imeneyi n'kofunika pokonza mtima kwa opaleshoni. phunziro Mphamvu ya kupuma kunja ikuchitika kuti awonetsepo ziyenera a chilema ndi olumala ambiri. Komanso pa kuonerera dispensary odwala ndi mtima kapena m'mapapo matenda aakulu.

mitundu ya kafukufuku

Spirometry - njira zowunikira udindo wa dongosolo kupuma mwa mawu a ochiritsira kukhonda atapita ndi mpweya 1 chachiwiri. Nthawi zina, pofuna kuchita mayeso matenda ndi bronchodilator. Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti wodwalayo akudutsa kanali koyamba. Ndiye izo zifika Mpweya mankhwala dilates wa bronchi. Ndipo patapita mphindi 15 kachiwiri akudutsa phunzirolo. Zotsatira akuyerekezedwa. Pomaliza reversibility kapena irreversibility matenda airway.

Thupi plethysmography - ikuchitika kuti aone mphamvu yaikulu ya m'mapapo ndi Airways kukaniza kuuluka bwino potsatira njira. Kuti tichite zimenezi wodwala ayenera pokoka mpweya mlengalenga. Malowa ali pamtunda mu chipinda losindikizidwa. Pamene nambala iyi zalembedwa mpweya osati kokha, komanso mphamvu ndi umene Mpweya, ndi mlingo mpweya otaya.