Kulankhula: Zolankhula gulu. Features mitundu kulankhula

Malinga zosiyanasiyana, chiwerengero cha interlocutors, omvera, zinthu ndi zinthu zina kuzindikiridwa angapo mitundu ya kulankhula. Onse a iwo, ndithudi, ndi kufanana ena.

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana za kulankhula, aliyense amene amanena kapena olalata kapena kulemba.

Gulu la mitundu ya kulankhula

Oral kapena zolembedwa chinenero chinenero cha Chirasha ndi kuchimva. Zizindikiro pa kalata maganizo osati phindu yomweyo, koma kachilombo dongosolo mawu. Chinenero neieroglificheskih kalata - si mtundu wa chidule cha chinenero.

Ngati woimba yemwe amasewera nyimbo pogwiritsa ntchito zolemba, ongotembenuzidwa olembedwa chinenero mu analankhula. wowerenga aliyense wa malemba akuti pafupi zofanana zomvetsera zino.

Olembedwa ndi kulengeza m'kamwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mwa kulankhula zambiri anafotokoza kucheza kapena kukambirana, monga analembera maonekedwe pagulu, nkhani komanso kufunsa anthu mafunso. Kulemba ali ndi zambiri ofunda, malonda kapena sayansi.

Kulankhula kuyankhula ali ndi khalidwe situational. Ena interlocutors pomvetsetsana mwangwiro. Kulemba mawu amafuna substantive ndiye anamanga kufotokoza. Mameseji malinga ndi dongosolo, kusunga malamulo onse chinenero. Ngakhale m'kamwa Ponena umayenda palokha, ndipo mumbali ndi mwayi amuthandize m'njira yoyenera.

Gulu la mitundu ya kulankhula kumatengera zifukwa zingapo monga kuchuluka kwa, akafuna akuti, atolankhani ndi chiwerengero cha interlocutors.

Kukambiranako

Features wa kulankhula mu nkhani iyi kwagona kuti anthu awiri akulankhula, ngati kwambiri, ndiye amatchedwa polylogue. Chinthu chachikulu ndi replicas onse ogwirizana ndi mutu umodzi ndi lingaliro. Kukambiranako - njira kusinthitsa maganizo. Aliyense chidole motere kuyambira yapita ndipo ndi zomveka kupitiriza. Chikhalidwe cha kukambirana chimadalira okhudza pakati pa anthu kuti Code. Pali mitundu itatu waukulu mogwirizana ngati: kudalira, kulingana ndi mgwirizano.

Aliyense kukambirana khalidwe la matabwa ake:

• intonation;
• mbali yaikulu;
• mathero.

Kuyambira mfundo ongolankhula maganizo, ndi dialogues osatha, monga gawo lawo lotsiriza nthawi wotseguka, komabe, kukambirana aliyense ali ndi mapeto.

Udindo wake monga choyambirira mawonekedwe a kulumikizana, ndi kulankhula lachibadwa. Ngakhale yokonza mtsutso wa sayansi, iye sangakhoze kuganiza za mzera uliwonse, chifukwa omvera anachita si nthawi zonse zoonekeratu.

Kuti kukambirana adali ndi mfundo zofunika kuyikapo ophunzira ake, komanso kusiyana pang'ono mu chidziwitso cha oyankhula. Uninformative kungasokoneze kupanga mawu.

Malinga ndi zolinga, zolinga, udindo wa interlocutors kusiyanitsa mitundu ya m'mudzi:

• banja;
• zokambirana;
• kukambirana Business ndi ena.

monologue

Mawu amenewa amatchedwa akuti yaitali munthu mmodzi yekha. Monologue ndi uthenga cholinga mukufuna kulifotokoza kwa gulu la anthu. Ndi pempho dala womverayo kapena owerenga, malingana ndi kugonjera mawonekedwe.

Palinso monologue, si amalandira munthu winawake, ndipo malo yekha. Pankhaniyi, iwo alibe chifukwa ayankhe iliyonse.

Common kotereku mabuku monologue:

• kulankhula luso;
• khothi;
• sayansi.

Monologues akhoza osakonzekera ndi mokonzekera.

ntchito Public a munthu - nkhani yake. kulankhula gulu Pankhaniyi chiri motere:

1. Information. Monologue ndi chida cha posamutsa chidziwitso. Pankhaniyi, wokamba amaganizira luso aluntha omvera ake. mtundu Izi zikuphatikizapo nkhani zitsanzo lipoti, mauthenga.
2. Zomveka. Kulankhula, moyang'anana ndi munthuyo. Pankhaniyi, wokamba amaganizira tilinazo omvera ake. Zikuphatikizapo moni, tsalani bwino ndi orations ena.
3. Chingatilimbikitse. Statement, amene chipilala chojambulidwa kulimbikitsa omvera kuchitapo kanthu. Zikuphatikizapo mawu ndale, apilo kapena zionetsero.

The yofala kwambiri kulankhula pagulu ndi mawu monologue. kulankhula gulu malinga ndi digiri ya ankakonzekera chiri motere:

• boma;
• zosavomerezeka.

Monologue ku mawonedwe wa zamaganizo penapake zovuta kukambirana, makamaka kwa wolankhulayo. mawu omveka bwino, zomveka osati kuzimiririka, pali zingapo zofunika:

• coherent ulaliki wa malingaliro;
• mogwirizana ndi kulankhula zinthu;
• kugwilizana ndi chilankhulo;
• lathu pa makhalidwe ozindikira ndipo ena a omvetsera;
• kufunika kuganizira maganizo a omvera;
• kulamulira.

kulemba

Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa kulemba kuchokera m'kamwa - sing'anga. Mbali yoyamba ndi pepala, kompyuta, lachiwiri - mafunde mpweya, limene phokoso akubwera. Komabe, mbali maganizo zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri zofunika kwambiri.

Kulankhula ndi unyolo chimene mawu amodzi akhale pongofuna amene m'mbuyomu. Pali bokosi: pamene phokoso lotsatira maganizo, zomwe zanenedwa kale, kale aiwala, ndipo wolankhulayo ndi womvera. Mu mawu olembedwa monga wowerenga angathe pa nthawi iliyonse kupita mmbuyo ndi ngakhale kuyang'ana mu mzere tsogolo la uthenga. Nokha pano ndi zinthu zimene zapatsidwa mu ndime (a buku wopangidwa mwa mabuku angapo, kapena ndime mu nkhani nyuzipepala imene motere kuyambira yapita).

Mbali imeneyi lili kulemba ntchito pamaso pa m'kamwa. Komanso, mawu matembenuzidwe kumathandiza kuphunzira zinthu kwathunthu, kuima ndi kulongosola ndime iliyonse wake.

Pakuti kulemba, nayenso, ali ubwino wake. Pa nthawi iliyonse, wolemba angasinthe ndi kusintha nkhani yanu, kuwapatsa iwo kapangidwe bwino popanda nkhawa kutaya zofunika. Iye ali ndi mphamvu kuwonjezera aesthetics wa mawu anu, kuliwerenga ndi kuganizira mmene ntchito imeneyi zidzakhudza wowerenga kuganiza ungatithandize. Ngakhale wonena pansi sitinganene motsimikiza kuti 100% wa zojambulidwazo anamvetsa mwa omvetsera.

Koma, Mosiyana, kulemba munthu - ndi ndondomeko zovuta kuti amafuna wapadera woyenera njira. Vuto linanso lagona pa mfundo yakuti kokha kudzera mwa mawu m'kalata ndi zizindikiro zopumira pamene Baibulo m'kamwa izi intonation, manja, nkhope, articulation.

Zitsanzo Kiyi Wa mayankhulo patsiku kalata - ichi ndi buku limene zilembo kulankhula kudzera dialogues / Polylog ndi ochititsa monologues.

kulankhula

Waukulu choyambirira mawonekedwe a mawu - ndi amene kumachitika mu mawonekedwe a kukambirana, kukambirana. mayina anamutcha colloquial. Kumbali maganizo, ichi ndi mawonekedwe zosavuta kulankhula. Iye sayenera nkhani mwatsatanetsatane, nthawi zambiri gwero m'kati kumvetsa mdani wanu. M'mawu colloquial udindo ankaimba ndi nkhani yake. Chifukwa uyamiko kwa Iye, kukambirana akhoza m'malo mawu, kuchepetsa analankhula mawu.

mtundu wa funso amalola ntchito chinenero nonliterary. Nthawi anapeza slang, neologisms, Luso, m'zilembo ndipo ngakhale kutukwana.

kulankhula yogwira

Malinga ndi udindo womvera akhoza allocated mawu udakali chabe. Kulankhula gulu Pankhaniyi zimadalira khalidwe la kutsatira yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda.

Aliyense amene akumvetsera ndipo amayesetsa kumvetsa zimene akunena ndi zomwe ganizo kuyesera muuze. Chidwi mfundo: pamene munthu wakumvera, izo mipukutu zina zonse anamva mutu wake. Zikomo mawu olankhulidwa kufalitsidwa maganizo. Kunja, zilibe kuonekera. Ndipo anthuwo akhoza kukhala mwina yogwira kapena osayanjanitsika kwathunthu. Pamaziko a zimene ikuchitika ndipo anati gulu la kulankhulana allocated mawonekedwe ake yogwira ndi kungokhala chete.

kulankhula yogwira kungakhale lachibadwa kwambiri, chimachokera mkati. Pankhaniyi, munthuyo anena mokweza zimene mumaganiza.

mawu chabe

Chabe mawu - ndi mtundu umene womverayo pobwereza mawu a mnzake, zambiri mwa iwo okha. Koma pali nthawi ndi kubwerezabwereza inayambika ndipo munthu motere otsutsa yake. Features wa kulankhula mu nkhani iyi kwagona kuti owerenga bwino kwambiri uzigwirizana ndi cholinga chake, kuganiza omvera.

kulankhula kayendedwe

Kulankhula ndi magulu a anthu anapulumuka kuyambira kale. Poyambirira, inali pafupifupi njira yokhayo kulankhula ndi kugawana mfundo zofunika. Kuyambira pamenepo zambiri zasintha. Tsopano mtundu kayendedwe ka mawu ndi ntchito kumapangitsanso zotsatira. Manja kupereka akuti kulankhula, omvera nyimbo mu kachitidwe ankafuna.

Koma masiku awa, nachobe gulu la anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito mawu kayendedwe ndi njira yaikulu ya kulankhulana. Izi anthu osamva amene ali chinenero chamanja ndi zofunika pamoyo. Dziwani kuti popeza wakale anthu kayendedwe kulankhula losandulizika, modernized ndi ogwira mtima.

kulankhula kunja

mtundu uwu kulankhulana mwachindunji ndi ndondomeko. Zilibe kanthu kaya wolankhulayo kumatanthauza polylogue kapena kukambilana kapena analengeza monologue, zonsezi ndi kusonyeza kulankhula kunja. M'mawu ena, mbali yake yaikulu - ndi mawu zimene zimalankhulidwa mokweza. Udindo wa kulankhula mu nkhani iyi ndi kupereka uthenga mudziwe wa munthu limodzi kapena gulu la anthu.

kulankhula mumtima

kulankhula Mumtima - ndi maziko a maganizo a anthu, ntchito yake sadziwa. M'mawu ena, ndi munthu amene, popanda iye, palibe munthu angathe kumva. Fupi ndondomeko izi asonkhanitsidwa kunja interjection kapena imalira ena. Iwo akhoza anatsimikiza kuti munthu chinachake anazunguzika ndi mkati ndi kukhala wodziŵa kukambirana (monologue).

Zitsanzo za mtundu wa kulankhula wamba. Anthu ambiri dialogues mkati, kutsimikizira chinachake, kutsimikizira chinachake nokha kapena kungoti zingalimbikitse zinthu zina.

kulankhula mwachindunji

Pafupifupi kukambirana woyenera kumaphatikizapo ponena za magwero choyambirira cha ganizo. Choncho kutsimikizira mfundo zawo, wokamba zachokera maganizo a anthu aakulu, akatswiri pa aliyense kapena boma lina lililonse. Kuti atsimikizire kudalirika kwa mawu pamwambapa, nthawi zambiri ntchito zolemba kapena kulankhula mwachindunji.

Aliyense ntchito ya sayansi, ntchito anthu, nkhani, kufunsana, ndi zina zotero. N. Mu kusowa pogwira mawu magwero odalirika. Direct kulankhula - Kodi njira yabwino kwambiri monga mwa mawu a M'zinthu zimenezi.

mawu ankagwira malire zinaperekedwa mwa mawu ndi mfundo zazikulu zotsatirazi intonation, mu kulemba kwa cholinga ichi pali zizindikiro zopumira.

kulankhula masitaelo

Kalembedwe otchedwa mbiri anayamba chuma dongosolo zinenero zosiyanasiyana, komanso njira bungwe lawo. Lililonse dera la zochita za anthu limafanana ndi mulingo wina wa kulankhula.

Onse yodziwika ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• lomwe kalembedwe umagwiritsidwa;
• ntchito zazikulu;
• kutsogolera mbali stylistic;
• mbali zinenero;
• mitundu kapena Mitundu.

Njira yofala kulankhulana - izi ndi izo. kulankhula gulu akhoza kuchitika mwa masitaelo. Iwo agawidwa buku ndi kukambirana. Choncho ife buku lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu mitundu anayi wamba: luso la sayansi, nduna malonda ndi journalistic. Aliyense wa masitaelo awa - kulankhula kalembedwe, limene ndi limodzi kapena dera lina ntchito.

Kutsatira ntchito luso la zolembalemba, amene ali olemera mu achipongwe, mafanizo ndi njira zina mawu.

Pakuti journalistic kalembedwe maganizo ndi nkhani komanso zipangizo lofalitsidwa pa masamba a periodicals. Pano tili ndi mawu mawunikidwe.

kalembedwe Scientific kutanthauza nkhani, abstracts, Mfundo, essays, mabuku, dissertations.

malonda Official ndi maziko a zolembedwa mu uliwonse. Izi zikuphatikizapo mawu, malipoti, lipoti, ofotokozera, malisiti ndi ena.

Gulu la mawu kalembedwe awoneka mofanana mu chinenero chirichonse. Akusiyana yekha ena zina mwa zinthu zimene akuwonjezeka mu mtundu uliwonse, chifukwa cha mbiri olemera ndi miyambo.