Kudzera mwa mawu a mawu. Zophiphiritsa, Izitu n'zovutitsa, okokomeza

Chirasha - mmodzi wa osiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi wolemera kwambiri mu dziko, umatha limaonetseratu ndi zoopsa. Makamaka ndi wapadera kulankhula kutengeka lemba angagwirizanitse njira zosiyanasiyana za palemba m'kati kulemba ntchito. Lembani yaikulu kwambiri.

Kudzera mwa mawu a mawu muzochitika zosiyana za moyo

Si chinsinsi kuti lingaliro lomwelo akhoza kuperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, TV Woitana limanena motere: "Masiku ano, dera anati mpweya wochuluka mu mawonekedwe a chisanu, limodzi ndi mphepo lolemera." Ndi azimayi awiri akale kumwa tiyi ku khitchini, mu nkhani, utentha chiganizo otsatirawa: "Eya, chinachake monga matalala ataunjikidwa! Ndipo Vetrishche - pansi ndi kugogoda "Mu mabuku, zodabwitsazi angafotokozedwe motere:" Snow flakes anagwa kuchokera kumwamba, ngati nthenga ku anang'amba cushions lotseguka, yosesedwa ndi mphepo yamphamvu ndi yaikulu wofuka woyera anabisa kufunira iye morzluyu lapansi ... " . The kupenta, anafotokoza m'njira zambiri, pafupifupi ofanana, koma aliyense wa mitundu kusiyana ndi mzake ndi zosiyana amasintha chikumbumtima anthu. zonse zimene kulankhula expressiveness wa chinenero mu njira ina zochokera maganizo associative Malemba. Kuyang'ana mawu anapereka, owerenga ndi anthu amene kotero chionetsedwe. Choncho, kwa makhalidwe a anthu otchulidwa, kupanga ena olemba mtundu wa m'mabuku ntchito Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana.

njira Phonetic mawu akuti

Pakuti kowonekera kwambiri pa malingaliro a munthu kapena owerenga, wowerenga kapena kumvetsera, ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kudzera mwa mawu a mawu kwenikweni kusinthitsa magulu osiyanasiyana a chinenero. Iwo Tingaone onse phonetics ndi malembedwe, zomwe zimachititsa kumvetsa cholinga cha Mlembi wa Mulungu kwambiri ndi mabuku. njira Phonetic cha mawu a mawu ndi imodzi mwa njira yapadera kwambiri kukopa kulankhula. Kumverera kwa fano phokoso la mawu udzachitika pa mlingo chikumbumtima, kaya zokhumba za munthu aliyense payekha. Ndicho chifukwa malemba ambiri ndakatulo zochokera ntchito phokoso njira mawu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati akafunsiridwa, "enanso anabedwa masamba, kaphokoso awo, zikuoneka, anapita kulikonse." Apa, ntchito angapo a phokoso "shi" mu akuti ankaoneka kuti alenge limodzi m'maganizo ndi kukopedwa chithunzi.

alliteration

Phonetic limaonetseratu mawu ali masiyanidwe. Ponseponse sizilingana njira mnzake alliteration ndi assonance. Iwo zochokera kubwerezabwereza mu malemba a yemweyo kapena ofanana mu maonekedwe aliyense phonetic mawu - zilembo ndi alliteration ndi assonance mavawelo pa. A chidwi chitsanzo cha alliteration ndi mawu akuti "Mkuntho maseche, limabangula la bingu," tiwerenge zimenezo, anthu mosalingalira amachititsa pamaso fano wabwino wa chochititsa mantha mphezi.

assonance

A pang'ono pokha Writers ndi ndakatulo abwerezedwa mavawelo. Mwachitsanzo, assonance limaoneka chiweruzo "Onse linali lathyathya munda" - kubwereza mawu "o" amalenga kudzimva anawonjezera, danga kumpoto.

Anaphora, epiphora m'mabuku

Zachinyengo ndi mafanizo ena kulankhula kutumikira kupereka malemba kwambiri limaonetseratu. Mwachitsanzo, njira zachilendo anaphora ndi epiphora. Iwo mitundu ya kubwerezabwereza mawu ofanana, mawu kapena magulu a mawu pachiyambi (anaphora) kapena kumapeto (epiphora) aliyense kufanana gawo kudziletsa kulankhula. "Izi - munthu chinthu kuchita! Izi - kuchita kwa munthu uyu! "- jekeseni ndi kuchuluka ndi aliyense kubwerezabwereza anati mu anaphora. Epiphora zambiri zikhoza kupezeka kumapeto kwa chigawo ndakatulo mu mawonekedwe a kubwereza kwa ena akuda kapena ziganizo lonse. Koma tinganene kuti pa chitsanzo cha mfundo limodzi prosaic: "Zonse mu chipinda anali wakuda: makoma anali wakuda, pansi pamphasa analinso wakuda, kuyatsa - wakuda ndipo ngakhale linens ndi kuponyedwa mu wakuda. Only kama anali zoyera, kulenga kusiyana kwakukulu mu kamangidwe. "

Language njira mawu apakamwa: zophiphiritsa

Kalembedwe ka chinenero Russia zosiyanasiyana tropes kapena mafanizo. Ndiwo mawu ndi mawu. Mothandizidwa ndi mzimuwo ambiri anazindikira malingaliro wolemba m'lembali. Mwachitsanzo, zophiphiritsa - mtundu wa makhalidwe kutengerapo kapena maonekedwe a chinthu ku chinthu china, fano mfundo umboni kupyolera mu fano konkire. Kufotokoza zimene zophiphiritsa, n'zotheka adasonkhananso kwa kuganizira chikhalidwe Zitsanzo: dzuwa - chizindikiro wachikondi, kukoma mtima; mphepo - chizindikiro cha ufulu, ufulu kuganiza, impermanence. Nthawi zambiri zimenezi funso ntchito pofotokoza anthu. "O, inu lokopa nkhandweyo!" - Nkhani munthu ngati nthabwala. Kapena kodi kunena za umunthu impermanent motere: ". Chikhalidwe cha blustery wake, eccentric" Motero, mafunso chiyani zophiphiritsa, tiyenera amatchula ikuimira nkhani poyerekeza khalidwe.

Zophiphiritsa m'mafanizo, nthano, nthano

Ogwira fabulist Krylov akutipatsa chithunzi thunzi zokongola ntchito phwando ili. Pamene Ndipotu iye ndiye wolowa mmalo mwa Aesop. Ndi chifukwa cha ntchito zake, anthu ambiri ku Russia nthano tingachipeze powerenga unatengedwa. Pajatu aliyense ankadziwa kuti kunena za nyani, kuyesera pa magalasi pa mchira, wolemba akunena za mbuli, munthu amene ntchito pofotokoza padziko lonse, muweruza mofulumira, popanda kuganizira tanthauzo lake. Pakuti maganizo mwanayo ali bwino nkhani imene nyama ndi amene atchulidwa. Mwachitsanzo awo kuyenda amaphunzira malamulo zikuluzikulu m'moyo: mwalandilidwanso makumi khumi, hule, wabodza komanso waulesi adzalangidwa, simungathe kuseka pa ululu umene anthu ena, etc. The yochepa nthano kapena ophiphiritsa nthano amatikumbutsa kumwa sizichita nawo mu kalembedwe Caucasus, pa mapeto a makhalidwe abwino amene anachokera pambuyo kupereka .. kumwa "Pakuti ...".

Zophiphiritsa za ndakatulo ndi m'nyimbo nyimbo

A ndakatulo zodabwitsa Lermontov za kopanda kupalasa, kuthamanga pa mafunde? Ndipotu, owerenga limachokera kumeneko woganiza maganizo athu a umunthu wosakhazikika, palibe aliyense amene amadziwa iye Masiku ano. Kufikira tsopano, akulu ngati ambiri wowerengeka nyimbo imene zitsanzo yophiphiritsa zomera - maluwa, mitengo - kufotokoza ubale wa anthu. "Kodi waima, swaying, woonda Rowan?" - amayimba chachisoni mtsikana amene amaona wosungulumwa kwambiri, akufuna kuti agwirizane likuwayenera ndi munthu wodalirika, koma pazifukwa zina sindingakhoze kuchita izi ...

Litotes, okokomeza

Language imatanthawuza cholankhula mawu kuperekedwa ndi njira zina. Mwachitsanzo, pali zambiri komanso otsutsana kanjedza amenewa okokomeza, litotes. Chirasha ali osiyanasiyana mwayi makhalidwe mwapang'onopang'ono mawu. njira chikuimira maseŵera luso (litotes), ndi kukokomeza (okokomeza). Chirasha amakhala zikomo kukuwalira zosangalatsa kwa iwo. Mwachitsanzo, chuma monga mphamvu ya thupi, tingasonyezere monga chongopeka understated mbali ( "m'chiuno m'lifupi botolo khosi" - litotes), ndi kukokomeza ( "kukula kwa mapewa pakhomo" - hyperbola). Chirasha ngakhale monyadira mawu wangwiro wa mtundu uwu: mavu m'chiuno, mkulu monga mtunda wa Kolomna.

Mau ofanana ndi otsutsana nawo mu ntchito zaluso

Ntchito lemba la Mau ofanana ndi otsutsana timapitiriza akumvera ndi limaonetseratu. Mawu semantically zofanana kapena zosiyana, zosiyanasiyana ntchito, kuwulula wolemba lingaliro kwa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana. China chirichonse, ofanana ndi otsutsana wosalira amaonera lemba, monga kumveketsa tanthauzo la zinthu zina zamalankhulidwe. Koma ntchito zawo kulankhula ndi kulemba ayenera kulankhula mosamala, monga ena ofanana matanthauzo mawu kutaya ubwenzi wa makhalidwe nkhani inayake, ndi apambuyo Sikuti zotsutsana antonymous mawu tanthauzo amafotokoza. Mwachitsanzo, adjective "atsopano" ndipo "stale" mu ntchito ya nauni "mkate" ali otsutsana. Koma ngati tikulankhula za mphepo, loyang'ana ku adjective "watsopano" ndi mawu akuti "ofunda".

The Izitu n'zovutitsa ntchito luso

A zofunika kwambiri kudzera mwa luso mawu - ndi Izitu n'zovutitsa. Zitsanzo mabuku Onetsani zithunzi mkulu wa njira imeneyi. Pushkin, Lermontov, Dostoevsky - pa Russian upamwamba ndi ambuye chenicheni cha ntchito Izitu n'zovutitsa mabuku. Nkhani Zoshchenko akali kufunika ndi satirists ano. Ena zapamwamba mawu amene akhala mapiko, ndipo ntchito kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, Zoshchenko akuti: "Tengani kumbuyo mkate wanu!" Kapena "Kodi inu mungandipatse ndi mafungulo ku nyumba kumene ndalama uli?" Mwa Ilf ndi Petrov kudziwa zonse. Ndi pempho kwa mabwana a loweruza, amene limanena za m'mene muli pansi ayezi, akadali ankaona ndi chachikulu Izitu n'zovutitsa. Ndipo mawu akuti "Kodi tili pano kwambiri?", N'kukhala ndi moyo tsiku mwana, nditaona khalidwe, anamanga pa ntchito otsutsana. The Izitu n'zovutitsa zambiri analipo mu mawonekedwe a banter yekha mmodzi wa anthu ndi mbali yaikulu, amene anatuma adalemba. Awa ndi ofufuza Dari Dontsovoy ndi ena, amenenso kulemba kalembedwe imeneyi.

The zigawo zosiyanasiyana za mawu mabuku

Mkulu limaonetseratu angathe mabuku alibe dekhetsa mawu - slang, neologisms, chilankhulo, Luso wamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu a m'lemba zigawo izi, makamaka mwachindunji mawu, zithunzi ndi kupereka pafupifupi makhalidwe a m'nkhaniyi. Aliyense khalidwe la ntchito buku ndi osiyana, ndi zinthu izi lexical, molondola komanso moyenera upotreblonnye kuwulula chithunzi cha khalidwe ku mbali zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, machulukitsidwe wa Romana Sholohova "Ndipo Matama Umayenda ya Don" chilankhulo mawu amalenga chikhalidwe chimakhala ndi malo enieni ndi zenizeni nthawi zakale. Ndi ntchito ya anthu a malankhulidwe mawu colloquial ndi mawu komanso zotheka kutsegula khalidwe lawo. Komanso, n'zosatheka kuchita popanda wapadera mawu akatswiri tikulongosola za moyo za m'chombo. Koma kale ntchito, pamene ngwazi, ngakhale ang'onoang'ono, anthu akale kapena anazunzidwa ku gulu pokhala, kupewa jargon ndi argot kosatheka.

Polysyndeton monga njira yosonyezera

Wina wodziwika stylistic wa kulankhula - polisindeton. Mu njira ina, njira imeneyi imatchedwa polysyndeton ndi ntchito lemba la mawu ofanana kapena mawu chikugwirizana ndi migwirizano chomwecho mobwerezabwereza. Izi bwino expressiveness, kulenga posakonzekera chete kwa chiweruzo pa kugwirizana pansi mbali ndi mbali wothandiza wa kulankhula kuwonjezera kufunika kwa aliyense mindandanda katunduyo. Choncho, olemba ndi ndakatulo nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito zake polysyndeton. zitsanzo:

1. "Nyanja mkuntho, anabangula, ndipo anang'amba ndi flickered, ndi rushila ndi zozizwitsa" - lililonse mchitidwe angapo a mawu homogeneous pano anasonyeza kufunika.
2. "Mu nyumba ya Natalia chilichonse anali mu malo ake: ndipo gulu la makiyi, ndi mpando ndi yowala samovyazannoy Cape ndi yaikulu pansi woumba ndi nthambi youma mbewu, ngakhale buku lotseguka - zonse nthawi zonse, pa nthawi iliyonse masana pa malo omwewo "- apa membala aliyense homogeneous ntchito polysyndeton kwalimbitsa kuganiza yolinganizika kumva zinthu Kamangidwe m'nyumba ya heroine lapansi.
3. "Ndipo mphepo inali kuwomba, ndi mabingu, ndi nthambi za mitengo swaying, akugogoda pa zenera, ndi mitambo mafunde wakuda anabisa thambo - onse choopsezera mbalame pamodzi anga chisangalalo kukhonda kukokera bulangeti mpaka chibwano wake" - ali bwana homogeneous, pamodzi ndi polysyndeton kulenga zotsatira za amveke mkhalidwe wa mantha ndi mtima.

Choncho, limaonetseratu chinenero kulankhula zikutanthauza - kofunika mchitidwe luso kulankhula. Popanda, lemba zolembalemba zikuwoneka youma ndi uninteresting. Koma musaiwale kuti nkhaniyo ayenera kupita kwa owerenga. Choncho, kusankha chinenero kumatanthauza ntchito mankhwala ziyenera kuperekedwa mosamala kwambiri, mwinamwake wolemba Kuwopsa kuti sanamvetsedwe ndi anachepetsa.