Kodi zomera ndi? tanthauzo

Anthu ambiri mawuwo "Gallery". Kumene kudali, mtundu wa galleys kudziwa zimene anali wapadera makhoti amenewa kuti zinamangidwa ngakhale tsarist Russia? Tiyeni tipeze mayankho a mafunso onsewa.

Kodi zomera ndi?

mawu amenewa amatchedwa mtundu wapadera wa seagoing chotengera pa chimene chikuchititsa zonsezi ntchito nkhafi. Pankhaniyi komanso galleys anali matanga zambiri triangular.

Makamaka wotchuka ndi zombo ntchito ndi achifwamba ndi amalinyero. Ngakhale zina ziwiya zambiri ntchito malonda.

The etymology mawu "wopalasa ngalawayo"

Kwa nthawi yoyamba dzina "wopalasa ngalawayo" wolembedwa ndi Ahelene. Ali zombo zoterezi ankatchedwa mawu γαλέη chomwe pambuyo wafunsira liwu galea Latin.

Aroma, dzina imayenera pafupifupi m'zinenero zonse European, kumene ndipo anasunga lero. Zikomo ndi ena a iwo, mawu akuti "wopalasa ngalawayo" sakumudziwa chinenero cha Chirasha. Tikayang'ana kulemba, pambuyo Latin, izo anaitenga ku Italiya (galera), ndiyeno mwina mwa Polish (galera), kapena mwa German (Galeere), kapena mwa French (galère) anagwera mu Russian.

Ndithudi ife tikudziwa kuti nauni akhoza anaitenga ku chingelezi, monga izo wataya kalata "tsa" - inasanduka wopalasa ngalawayo, amene sanathe koma bwanji kalembedwe Russian.

A pang'ono za mbiri ya galleys ndi

Kodi wopalasa ngalawayo, komanso chiyambi cha mawu akuti kale zafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Tsopano kulabadira mbiri ya iyi mtundu wa ngalawa.

Chifukwa chakuti mu ngalawa yakale zinamangidwa nkhuni, lero anakhalabe zidutswa zazing'ono, mungathe kudziwa chimodzimodzi chomwe ntchito pa zombo m'nyengo ya dziko wakale. Ngakhale ofufuza amanena kuti makhoti, ofanana galleys ndi amalinyero anasambira mwachangu mu masiku a Ancient Egypt ndi Foinike.

mudziwe zambiri amasungidwa pa ntchito makhoti amenewa mu Greece wakale. Akukhulupirira kuti galleys M'boma lino anatumikira monga Zombo Zankhondo ngakhale zaka 800 BC Pambuyo mawonekedwe a Agiriki ndi Aroma anatengera sitima zoterozo, ndipo pambuyo pawo mayiko onse kuti mwayi kwa nyanja ya Mediterranean.

Kuwonjezera kwa Agiriki, makamaka wotchuka ntchito galleys Turkey. Chifukwa liwiro lalitali ndi maneuverability la zombo zoterezi, iwo anayimitsa ambiri zaka ukulu mu gulu lankhondo lamphamvu.

Mu Russian Ufumu, ndi zomera woyamba anaonekera wachiwiri theka XVII. Creation zithunzi ndi kumanga chifukwa cha chikoka cha Peter I. Iye anatha nazo zombo za mtundu uwu akhala lingaliro zofunikira mu nkhokwe panyanja ya ufumuwo mpaka cha m'ma XVIII. Anathandiza kutsogoloku nkhondo Chirasha Turkey. Koma iwo anali pambuyo atulutsidwa ndi maboti ndi injini nthunzi.

Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya galleys m'nthawi yakale

Kodi wopalasa ngalawayo tinapeza. Tsopano ife tikudziwa chomwe mitundu panali zombo awa:

• Wopalasa ngalawayo-ndiopusa anali zochepa liwiro ndi maneuverability. Koma chifukwa thupi lawo buku anagawira kulemera kuposa alipidwa pa Zombo Zankhondo. Chifukwa cha chuma ichi pa galleys izi tidapita makamaka amalonda kuchokera nthawi ya World Ancient.
• Zenzilnye galleys - anali kumenyana weniweni sitimayo. Iwo anali zochepa otakasuka, koma liwiro kwambiri. zombo amenewa mwachangu Ntchito nkhondo. Kuwonjezera zotengera zinkapeza zikutanthauza Wakuba kuyenda.

Komanso galleys anawagawa mitundu itatu malinga ndi chiwerengero cha mabenchi kwa opalasa lapansi.

• Brigantine iwo owerengedwa eyiti.
• Galeoty - khumi ndi ziwiri.
• Fust - kuchokera khumi ndi makumi awiri.

The zovuta kwa opalasa mu galleys kuti: Zimachitikadi Kapena Ayi

Chifukwa chachikulu galimoto mchitidwe galleys anali nkhafi, muyenera kulabadira amene anakhala pa iwo. Malinga ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, ndi rower pa wopalasa ngalawayo ndi - kapolo mwankhanza woyang'anira. Ndipotu m'mayiko osiyanasiyana komanso pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana kuti opalasa ndi nkhawa sali yemweyo.

Kotero mu masiku a Greece wakale ndi Roma pa Zombo Zankhondo opalasa zambiri mwapadera asilikali ophunzitsidwa. ntchito yawo ndinali kulemekezedwa ndi bwino malipiro.

Mchitidwe womwewo ntchito pa Ages Middle. Ndipotu chombo anali yopita kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo ndi oopsa. Choncho, anthu amene anasambira mu galleys ndi, ankakonda kukhulupirira moyo wake opalasa akatswiri. Ndipo iwo, nawonso, ankachita chidwi ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mabwana awo anasambira bwinobwino chandamale ndi Malipilo awo.

Koma pafupi ndi chiyambi cha m'ma XVII, pamene galleys pang'onopang'ono anayamba m'malo ndi mitundu yatsopano patsogolo kwambiri ngalawa, panali mwambo ntchito monga kupalasa -. Akaidi ndi akapolo. Ndi pa ngalawa Mkhristu bwato Asilamu ukapolo ndi otsatira a Mtumiki Muhammad akapolo opalasa-Orthodox ndi Akatolika.

Ndi Kupezeka kwa America ndi chiyambi cha akuda malonda nyengo, ndi galleys nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito akapolo ku Africa.

Pa yomweyo aliyense nthawi zonse opalasa ndi ankapatsidwa kuposa akapolo pa dziko. Popeza kudalira kupulumuka kwa ogwira ntchito, iwo ali chakudya ndithu chakudya, thanzi lawo ndi anapatsidwa nthawi kuti apumule. Ndithudi, mwambo wa imfa ya ambiri a iwo, oyendetsa akadayenera kukhala pa nkhafi lapansi.

Dziwani kuti akaidi ambiri amafuna ndi opalasa zambiri galleys kuposa mu ndende. Pambuyo akuluakulu onse a zombo zambiri ankawachitira kuposa ndende.

Modern "wopalasa ngalawayo"

Mu kutali kale anali galleys. Lero iwo lingapezeke mu zakale. Komabe, mu Turkey pali wotchuka kwambiri tchuthi kopita, dzina consonant kuti mawu akuti "Gallery". maganizo za zisanu nyenyezi Hotel Galeri Amachita ( «Galeri Amachita"), yomwe ili pa gombe Mediterranean (mzinda wa Alanya). Ngakhale amatchuka nyenyezi 5, malo awa akadali wolephera ambiri achisangalalo Mediterranean m'mayiko ena.

Ngati mphamvu ndalama salola yocheza tchuthi mu nyenyezi zisanu Galeri Amachita, mungapeze hotelo ina mu Alanya - "Gallery» (Galeri 4), mwachitsanzo. Iye Rural malo mu mzinda womwewo ndipo, ngakhale wochepa ndi nyenyezi imodzi yokha zatchulidwazi Galeri Amachita 5, ndi malo aakulu kumasuka. Zidzakhala mtengo kwambiri chifukwa ambiri a alendo zoweta.

Kuwonjezera pa dzina Turkey wa hotelo, mu nyimbo ndi mawu akuti "Gallery" dzina la gulu lonse la mitundu ya dahlias - "Gallery» (Gallery). Zino mitundu yokwana 17. Aliyense wa iwo dzina lake polemekeza ndi wojambula wotchuka, mwachitsanzo, kapena Gallery Pablo Gallery Rembrandt. The peculiarity a mitundu "Gallery" ndi kuti ali okongola kwambiri, komanso kugonjetsedwa Pogoda mavuto osati.