Kogona - ndi chiyani ichi? kutanthauza

"Munthu wobadwa kwa kogona" - limati aphorism odziwika. Kodi mtundu wa nyumba wotchedwa ndi mawu ndipo kodi mbali zimasiyanitsa? Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za izo.

Mawu "kogona" mu zaka XVIII-XIX

Mu masiku akale, mawu akuti "ammudzi" lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito njira ina kuposa masiku ano.

Ndi chiyani icho? Kuona, ingoyang'anani pa mawu "kogona" mu Dictionary of "Kwaokha ndi mawu ovuta XVIII-XIX zaka zambiri." Izi olimba kope kogona amatchedwa "luso la munthu kuchita zinthu ndi chitukuko." Mwa njira, tinganene akuti amapezeka mu buku Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina a "Eugene Onegin".

Modern lexical tanthauzo la mawu akuti "kogona"

Dikishonare yemweyo mawu aiwala ndi zovuta zaka zapitazi otchulidwa kutanthauzira wina wa akuti pansi obwereza. Choncho nauni izi mu gawo nkhalamba, akhacemerwa tsiku ndi tsiku, tsiku lililonse. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kutanthauzira uyu anali "akhama" ndi zinthu zochepa anapitiriza XX atumwi.

Choncho, mkubwela kwa mphamvu Soviet mu Constitution ake akuti "kogona" mtengo anapeza "malamulo a cikhalidwe" ndi "dongosolo la tsiku ndi tsiku."

Ngakhale lero kutanthauzira kuti Mau akadali zogwirizana, anthu ambiri Chirasha kumvetsa pansi uyu chinachake dzina china. Pafupifupi aliyense wamkulu ndi mwana amadziwa kuti malo ogona - malo moyo ongoyembekezera pamodzi ophunzira, antchito, apaulendo malonda ndi anthu ena amene alibe nyumba okhazikika zawo.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kwambiri XVIII-XIX zaka malo zosakhalitsa zogona pa sukulu amatchedwa "sac".

Magwero a liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba za

dzina Izi poyamba Russian ndipo alibe analogues m'zinenero zina Asilavo. Kotero mu Chiyukireniya ponena kuti umenewu pogona ntchito mawu akuti "gurtozhitok" mu Chibelarusi - "іnternat" mu Polish - Schronisko, ndi Czech - ubytovna.

Iwo anapanga nauni "kogona" pa kuphatikiza mawu awiri: ". Moyo" "ambiri" ndi Mwa njira, pachifukwa ichi, pamene kuli pa kusanthula zigawo zikuluzikulu za morpheme yomweyo kumasula mizu awiri: "Society" ndi "Akazi", olumikizidwa kwa wina interfiksom wina "E".

Mau ofanana

Poganizira tanthauzo la "anthu ammudzi" limagwirira ntchito, m'pofunika kulabadira kusankha ofanana matanthauzo izo.

The analogi ambiri kwa mawu ndi nauni "dormitory" cognate iye. Nthawi zambiri izi n'chimodzimodzi ndi mthunzi ochepa bwino ndipo kawirikawiri si ntchito zikalata zofunikira.

Monga analogue a mawu "ammudzi" n'zothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "kunyumba" kapena "kukhala" - koma iwo si nthawi zonse amatha kwathunthu m'malo.

Malinga ndi zimene bungwe makamaka anafotokoza dormitory monga analogs ntchito mawu nauni "m'chipindacho" (sukulu kapena maofesi ena a asilikali) kapena "skit" (pa kunyumba mpingo).

Ngati gulu makamaka ndi ankhanza, monga ofanana matanthauzo kuti ndi chovomerezeka ntchito manauni monga "khola" kapena "khola".

Ngati tikambirana liwu limene limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira ya makhalidwe abwino, ndi ulemu, n'zotheka kusankha ofanana matanthauzo pakuti: "tsiku ndi tsiku" kapena "moyo".

Features hostels

Atafufuza mtengo wa nauni "kogona", m'pofunika kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane mbali zambiri za mtundu wa nyumba, komanso mitundu yake, malamulo amene anakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo panopa.

Mbali yaikulu ambiri a m'nyumba izi ndi kuti anthu angapo moyo mu chipinda. Ndipo ambiri a resettlement chikachitika mosatengera kuti ubwenzi wawo kapena chibale (ena kuposa okhala banja). Motero aliyense wokhala kogona liri mu malo amodzi okha-bedi ndi n'zotheka nawo bafa, khitchini, zovala ndi zina wamba "zamakono".

Ziribe kanthu chimene chipinda malo dongosolo mu nyumba makamaka pa chilichonse pansi kapena wagawo chimodzi chimbudzi, bafa ndi khitchini. Mu zina, masewera chipinda, masewero olimbitsa thupi, zovala chipinda ndi laibulale.

Monga ulamuliro, malawi sapereka ufulu danga amoyo, ndi wamba ake. Komabe, izi amangonena za malamulo ameme la Chitaganya cha Russia. Ndipotu, malinga ndi lamulo Chiyukireniya kuti privatize chipinda kogona angakhale ngakhale zovuta kutero. ufulu pa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia chifukwa chakuti aliyense wa nyumba izi limabweretsa mabungwe munthu (sukulu fakitale, gulu lankhondo ndi zina zotero. P.) Ndipo si katundu limodzi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, okhalamo ndi kuchita pafupifupi mphamvu, ndipo nthawi iliyonse akhoza kuchotsedwa m'dera azikhala. Chifukwa cha choonadi ichi chisoni moyo, ambiri dorm okhala ndazindikira iwo monga pogona kanthawi mwamtheradi sindikusamala za umoyo wawo. Motero, ambiri ogona (chithunzi m'munsimu) lokayikitsa kwambiri.

Ngakhale choncho ndi wosangalala kupatulapo ulamuliro woipa umenewu.

Square ponseponse mu hostels mu Russia ndi Ukraine

M'malire a dziko lililonse, pamene pali chinthu chotero monga "kogona" phunziro malamulo lolamulira kukakhala iwo.

Choncho, malinga ndi malamulo a boma latsopano la Russia, kukawauza dormitory ayenera allocated osachepera 4.5 mamita ² m'deralo.

Koma malinga ndi lamulo Chiyukireniya, m'dera izi zazikulu - 6 mamita ² pa wokhala chipinda, komanso 5 mamita ² Kiev.

mitundu hostels

Pali mitundu yambiri ya mtundu wa nyumba. Izi zidalira pa gulu lomwe adzaupereka, komanso, masamu zimene anthu:

• Wophunzira Mumakhalako - izi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu amakezana zokhalamo chimene chimachokera ku Middle Ages. Childs, izi zigwirizana zipinda kogona anthu 2-4 (ndi zina zambiri), chokonzedwa ndi bedi desiki. m'zipinda zogona izi anapereka kwa ophunzira nonresident nthawi zonse ndi ganyu mitundu pa nthawi ya maphunziro awo. Nditamaliza sukulu yapamwamba kapena athamangitsidwe wophunzira basi akatulutsidwa ogona ndi alibe ufulu danga ili yamoyo, ngakhale chiphunzitso.
• Small-banja ogona - ndi chipinda, amene anatumizidwa kuti banja limodzi kapena wokhala makamaka. Zilibe podselyayut akunja, monga izo zimachitika mu malo ogwilila ntchito ndi wophunzira kogona. Pochita zimenezi, chipinda akadali sadziwa maofesi ena kosamugonjera wamba.
• Antchito 'ogona - kukhala nyumba apadera ndodo yachilendo ya kampani inayake. Mwa mitundu yonse - Izi ndi zochepesetsa omasuka. Monga ulamuliro, mu chipinda cha ogona ndi moyo pa ntchito anayi makumi awiri. Pankhaniyi, mlingo wa ukhondo m'madera izi zikhoza kukhala zofanana ndi hotelo (nyenyezi ziwiri), ngakhale ali yekha m'malo ulamuliro.

The dorms chipinda Kamangidwe mtundu anawagawa chipika ndi kulowera.

dorms komanso amuna, akazi ndi moyo limodzi.

Mosiyana kogona limodzi nyumba

Ngati kuchokera nyumba mwachizolowezi kapena nyumba payekha kogona amakhala ndi chakuti pali moyo pamodzi alendo amene nawo khitchini, bafa ndi hallway, ndiye limodzi iwo laling'ono kwambiri kusiyana. Koma iwo ali kumeneko.

Choyamba, mu dormitory wa munthu uli ndi chimodzi bedi kapena chipinda. Mu nyumba nawo kwa munthu kapena banja lonse likhoza atathana zipinda angapo.

Mmodzi wa kusiyana chachikulu komanso chofunika kwambiri ndi kuthekera kwa anthu a nyumba limodzi anagula mu katundu wapadera wotanganidwa okhala - kuti privatize izo. Kodi asachite ndi malo ogona malinga ndi lamulo Russian (zotheka mu Ukraine).

Ngakhale bafa ndi khitchini mu nyumba ya limodzi ndi anagawa pakati pawo chabe anthu ochepa, kawirikawiri ikudalira magetsi aliyense "nyumba" eni. Komanso limodzi zambiri kulekanitsidwa wina ndi mnzake pa mbale burner, ziwiya khitchini ndi malo osungirako. Ngakhale hostels kawirikawiri anapereka owerengera osiyana aliyense chipinda. Koma khitchini wamba, ndi zambiri kwa khitchini kuliika pafupi khumi zipinda ndi kugawana woyatsa ndi Chalk zina sizingatheke ndi vuto limeneli.